美军联合战术信息分发系统干扰样式探析

联合战术信息分发系统(JTIDS)是一种大容量、保密、抗干扰、时分多址的信息分发系统,具有通信、导航和识别能力.开展对JTIDS系统干扰的研究具有很强的现实意义和军事价值.从MSK解调误码率入手综合分析了各项抗干扰技术对通信可靠性的影响,得出JTIDS系统误比特率模型.在此基础上通过定量计算探究了不同样式对JTIDS系...     

The data compression problem for the “GAIA” astrometric satellite of ESA

Space-based astrometry has a great tradition at ESA. The first space-based astrometric satellite in history, “Hipparcos”, was launched by ESA in 1989 and, in spite of orbital problems, was able to accomplish almost all of its tasks until it was finally shut down in 1993. The results of the Hipparcos mission were published by ESA in 1997 in the form of six CD-ROMs: the Hipparcos Catalogue contains 118,218 entries with median astrometric precision of around 1 milliarcsec, and specific results for double and multiple systems. In practice, Hipparcos drew for the first time the three-dimensional “map” of the spherical region of the Galaxy surrounding the Sun and having a radius of roughly 1,000 light years.

Then, in 1995, ESA launched the study of a new astrometric satellite, named “GAIA” and about a hundred times more powerful than Hipparcos, i.e. with median astrometric precision of around 10 microarcsec. This new satellite is intended to measure the parallaxes of over 50 million stars in the Galaxy, at least for the brightest stars, and this would mean to “draw” the three-dimensional map of the whole Galaxy, reaching out even to the Magellanic Clouds, 180,000 light years away.

The team of European scientists and engineers now designing GAIA, however, is facing hard technological difficulties. One of these is the design and coding of radically new and ultra-powerful mathematical algorithms for the on-board compression of the 50-million-stars data that GAIA will send to Earth from its intended geostationary orbit. Preliminary estimates of the raw data rates from the GAIA focal plane, in fact, are of the order of a few Gigabits per second. To reduce the data stream to the envisaged telemetry link of 1 Megabit per second, on-board data compression with a 1 to 1,000 ratio is the target. Clearly, this is far beyond the capabilities of any lossless compression technique (enabling compression ratios of 1 to some tens), and so some “wise” lossy compression mathematical procedure must be adopted.

In this paper a GAIA-adapted lossy data compression technique is presented, based on the Karhunen-Loève Transform (KLT). The essence of this method was already used by NASA for the Galileo mission when the large antenna got stuck and the mission was rescued by re-programming the on-board computer in terms of the KLT. That transform was officially named ICT — “Integer Cosine Transform” — by the NASA-JPL team led by Dr. Kahr-Ming Cheung. But the KLT here described for GAIA will of course differ from the JPL one in many regards, owing to the advances in computer technology.

Finally, estimates are also given about the possibility of using the KLT for onboard data compression in case GAIA is going to be put into orbit around the Lagrangian point L2 of the Earth-Sun system, and, above all, in case the number of stars to be observed is actually raised from 50 millions to one billion, as ESA currently appears to be likely to pursue.     

基于深度神经网络的机器人定位误差补偿方法

工业机器人由于高效率、低成本被广泛应用于智能制造业,但较低的绝对定位精度限制了其在高精度制造领域的推广应用。为提升机器人绝对定位精度并解决传统复杂的误差建模问题,提出了一种基于深度神经网络的机器人定位误差补偿方法。首先在笛卡尔空间进行拉丁超立方采样规划,获得目标点姿态对误差的影响规律;然后建立基于遗传粒子群算法优化深度神经网络(GPSO–DNN)的定位误差预测模型,实现对误差的预测和补偿;最后为验证该方法的准确性和优越性,与其他误差补偿模型进行对比。试验结果表明,基于GPSO–DNN的定位误差补偿方法的补偿精度最高,定位误差由补偿前的1.529mm减小为0.343mm,精度提高了77.57%。该方法能有效补偿机器人定位误差,大幅提高机器人的定位精度。     

Gamma astrometric measurement experiment (GAME) – Science case

We report here on the science case of a concept for a satellite orbiting at 1 AU from the Sun and using a baffled Fizeau interferometer to look as close as possible to its limb. This configuration, and the need for looking nearby the Sun, is required for the main scientific driver of the mission, namely the measure of the γ parameter of the Parameterized Post-Newtonian formulation to the 10⁻⁶–10⁻⁷ level at least. This would lead to an accurate test of the General Theory of Relativity against other alternative theories of gravity, and set stringent constraints on some of the most significant issues of Astrophysics like those involving exotic forms of dark matter and dark energy. Exploiting the possibilities offered by the observation strategy, it is also possible to target other interesting scientific goals. One is, again, in the realm of General Relativity and aims at measuring the light deflection nearby the Giant Planets to detect asymmetric effects induced by their quadrupoles, predicted by GR but never measured so far. Others can be found in the observation of selected extrasolar systems where, e.g., the astrometric and photometric capabilities of GAME will help to improve on the knowledge of the brown-dwarf regime and on the search for exo-planets with the transit method, respectively.     

The influence of the spatial and temporal collocation windows on the comparisons of the ionospheric characteristic parameters derived from COSMIC radio occultation and digisondes

GPS radio occultation (RO) ionospheric products obtained by Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) mission during the year of 2014 and the observations from 3 digisonde stations which are located at different latitudes are used to study the influence of different time and space collocation windows on the comparisons of the ionospheric characteristic parameters (ICPs), including the peak density and peak height, derived from the two techniques. The results show that the correlation coefficients (CC) and the standard deviation of the absolute biases (SDAB) between the ICPs derived from the two techniques vary distinctly under different spatial and time collocation windows. Generally, the CC (SDAB) of the ICPs decrease (increase) as the size of the collocation window increases in time dimension or in space dimension. The rate of change of the statistic parameters with the increase in the size of the collocation window in time dimension and space dimension is analyzed for each digisonde station. It is found that within the collocation window of $\left(60\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n},{20}^{°},{20}^{°}\right)$, the influence of the increase of $1^{°}$ in the space window on the statistical comparison is much more significant than that of the increase of 1?min in the time window, and it is suggested that there can be appropriate relaxation on the time window within the threshold of 60?min to get a balance between the quality of the comparison results and the number of the matched pairs. In addition, it is found that the same variations in the longitude window and in the latitude window may have different influences on the comparison results when the horizontal gradients in electron density are distinctly different along different directions at the digisonde station, and strict space collocation window is preferred when comparing the observations from COSMIC RO with those from the digisonde station in such cases.     

模糊灰色聚类评估方法在导航滤波中的应用

目前针对深空探测导航中滤波算法的综合评估的方法种类繁多,但是仍然有较多评估方法由于其单一性,存在或多或少的问题。提出了一套反映滤波算法优劣程度的评估指标体系,并为其建立相应的数学模型。深空探测器采样点数据通过该数学模型计算后,由模糊灰色聚类方法进行综合评估。该方法是以灰色系统理论为基础,结合模糊综合评估方法所建立的评估模型。该模型可以摒弃二者单一使用时的缺点,提升评估结果的准确性。评估结果表明,此评估模型能够对滤波算法进行比较准确、合理、全面的评估。     

碳纤维复合材料/钛合金叠层钻孔工艺优化

在不同的工艺参数下用硬质合金麻花钻分别对碳纤维复合材料板和碳纤维复合材料板/钛合金叠层板进行钻孔,对钻孔过程用Abaqus有限元软件进行三维仿真,对比仿真和试验结果的轴向力和制孔效果。结果表明,在保证制孔的质量的前提下,选取合理的工艺参数,得到叠层材料制孔的工艺参数的优化结论。     

远程教学原理与课件制作方法

课件是一种 Ｗｅｂ 文档，所有 Ｗｅｂ 文档技术均可用于制作课件。本文阐述了远程教学系统的原理和课件实现方法，并实现了一个远程教学课件———讲授 Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ 的基本知识和 Ｈ Ｔ Ｍ Ｌ 语言。     

聚四氟乙烯表面改性氟橡胶的热空气老化研究

本研究为了增加氟橡胶的化学稳定性和服役寿命,采用聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)薄膜覆膜法对氟橡胶进行了表面改性,并对覆膜前后的氟橡胶进行了150℃热空气老化实验,比较了覆膜对氟橡胶性能的影响,结果表明:覆膜与未覆膜橡胶的拉伸强度及弹性均随高温曝露时间的延长呈现下降趋势,但覆膜橡胶的老化程度远远小于未覆膜橡胶,抗老化能力提升约1倍,PTFE薄膜有效阻隔了热氧气与氟橡胶的接触,可以有效提升氟橡胶在高温环境下的力学性能和服役寿命。     

高速撞击充气压力容器前壁损伤数值模拟

针对空间碎片超高速撞击充气压力容器前壁损伤问题,应用非线性动力学分析软件AUTODYN采用拉格朗日方法对球形弹丸撞击球形压力容器前壁穿孔进行了数值模拟研究。在建模过程中通过对容器壁内侧施加压力边界条件来模拟由于内充气体的作用在容器壁内产生的应力场,并通过与试验结果的比较验证了数值模拟方法的有效性。在此基础上针对容器的内充气体压力、球形弹丸直径及撞击速度对充气压力容器前壁穿孔的影响进行了研究。结果表明:在一定的气体压力下,气体压力对压力容器前壁穿孔直径与穿孔形态的影响可以忽略不计;而撞击速度及弹丸直径对穿孔直径及穿孔形态有着较大的影响,当撞击速度大于3km/s时,撞击穿孔边缘开始有裂纹产生,并且穿孔直径与裂纹直径随着弹丸直径及撞击速度的增加而增大。利用压力容器前壁穿孔的数值模拟结果进行计算可以得出当容器受到撞击速度大于3km/s的弹丸撞击后比撞击速度不大于3km/s时更易发生破坏。