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81.
V. S. Heber R. C. Wiens D. B. Reisenfeld J. H. Allton H. Baur D. S. Burnett C. T. Olinger U. Wiechert R. Wieler 《Space Science Reviews》2007,130(1-4):309-316
The concentrator on Genesis provided samples of increased fluences of solar wind ions for precise determination of the oxygen
isotopic composition. The concentration process caused mass fractionation as a function of the radial target position. This
fractionation was measured using Ne released by UV laser ablation and compared with modelled Ne data, obtained from ion-trajectory
simulations. Measured data show that the concentrator performed as expected and indicate a radially symmetric concentration
process. Measured concentration factors are up to ∼30 at the target centre. The total range of isotopic fractionation along
the target radius is 3.8%/amu, with monotonically decreasing 20Ne/22Ne towards the centre, which differs from model predictions. We discuss potential reasons and propose future attempts to overcome
these disagreements. 相似文献
82.
M.O. Riazantseva O.V. Khabarova G.N. Zastenker J.D. Richardson 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2007,40(12):1802-1806
Sharp (<10 min) and large (>20%) solar wind ion flux changes are common phenomena in turbulent solar wind plasma. These changes are the boundaries of small- and middle-scale solar wind plasma structures which can have a significant influence on Earth’s magnetosphere. These solar wind ion flux changes are typically accompanied by only a small change in the bulk solar wind velocity, hence, the flux changes are driven mainly by plasma density variations. We show that these events occur more frequently in high-density solar wind. A characteristic of solar wind turbulence, intermittency, is determined for time periods with and without these flux changes. The probability distribution functions (PDF) of solar wind ion flux variations for different time scales are calculated for each of these periods and compared. For large time scales, the PDFs are Gaussian for both data sets. For small time scales, the PDFs from both data set are more flat than Gaussian, but the degree of flatness is much larger for the data near the sharp flux change boundaries. 相似文献
83.
D.R. Japaridze M.Sh. Gigolashvili V.J. Kukhianidze 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2007,40(12):1912-1916
The differential rotation of the patterns of the large-scale solar magnetic field during solar activity cycles 20 and 21 is investigated. Compact magnetic elements with the polarity of the general solar magnetic field have larger speed of rotation than the elements with the opposite polarity. The surface of the Sun was divided by 10°-zones. In all of them the average rotation rate of the magnetic elements with negative polarity is little higher than that of the magnetic elements with positive polarity, except for 50°-zone of the south hemisphere and at the 10° latitude of the north hemisphere.
The rates of differential rotation for large-scale magnetic elements with negative and positive polarities have similar behavior for both cycles of the solar activity.
The rotation rate varies at polarity reversal of the circumpolar magnetic fields. For the cycle No 20 in 1969–1970 the threefold reversal took place in the northern hemisphere and variations of rotation rate can be noticed for magnetic elements both with positive and negative polarity for each 10°-zone in the same hemisphere. 相似文献
84.
Terrestrial technology is now, and increasingly, sensitive to space weather. Most space weather is caused by solar storms
and the resulting changes to the Earth's radiation environment and the magnetosphere. The Sun as the driver of space weather
is under intense observation but remains to be adequately modelled. Recent spacecraft measurements are greatly improving models
of solar activity, the interaction of the solar wind with the magnetosphere, and models of the radiation belts. In-situ data
updates the basic magnetospheric model to provide specific details of high-energy electron flux at satellite orbits. Shock
wave effects at the magnetopause can also be coarsely predicted. However, the specific geomagnetic effects at ground level
depend on the calculation of magnetic and electric fields and further improvements are needed. New work on physical models
is showing promise of raising geomagnetic and ionospheric predictability above the synoptic climatological level.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
85.
F. Capitanio A. Bazzano P. Ubertini G. De Cesare M. Del Santo A. Tarana A. Joinet 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2006,38(12):2816-2819
On March 2003, IBIS, the γ-ray imager on board the INTEGRAL satellite, detected an outburst from a new source, IGR J17464-3213, that turned out to be an HEAO-1 transient, namely H1743-322. The spectral and temporal evolutions of the source were observed by INTEGRAL in different periods. Also RXTE observed the source for the first time on 2003 March 29 during a PCA Galactic bulge scan. The source flux decayed below the RXTE PCA sensitivity limit in November 2003, then in April 2004 it was again detected by INTEGRAL. On July 3, 2004 the source was again detected by RXTE/PCA at a 2–10 keV intensity of 16 mCrab and on July 7, reached 69 mCrab. Recently, a new outburst was observed on August 2005. We briefly summarise here the behaviour of the source observed by INTEGRAL from March 2003 to August 2005. The new outbursts of the source and the analysis of all the data collected (now public) give a global view of the spectral and time behaviour of this X-ray transient. 相似文献
86.
Kacelenga R. Erickson D. Palmer D. 《Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, IEEE》2003,18(8):13-19
This paper presents a voting fusion application for use with a remotely controlled multisensor vehicle platform for antitank landmine detection. Data from three landmine detection sensors mounted at the front of the vehicle enhance the probability of detection and, when combined via data fusion, limit the false alarm density to practical levels. The performance of the voting fusion scheme presented in this paper is contrasted with a heuristic data fusion approach developed by General Dynamics Canada. 相似文献
87.
C Lindberg G Horneck 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1995,15(3):277-280
The ESA MarsNet mission proposal consists most probably of a trio of Mars landers. These landers each contain a variety of scientific equipment. The network of stations demands for a definition of its planetary protection requirements. With respect to the MarsNet mission only forward contamination problems will be considered. Future involvement of European efforts in planetary exploration including sample returns will also raise the problem of back contamination. A tradeoff study for the overall scientific benefit with respect to the approximative cost is necessary. Planetary protection guide-lines will be proposed by an interdisciplinary and international board of experts working in the fields of both biology and planetary science. These guide-lines will have to be flexible in order to be modified with respect to new research results, e.g. on adaptation of microorganisms to extreme (space) conditions. Experiments on the survival of microorganisms at conditions of simulated Mars surface and subsurface will have to be conducted in order to obtain a baseline data collection as a reference standard for future guide-lines. 相似文献
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