星光折射航天器自主定轨方案比较

当星光透射大气发生折射时 ,用星光折射角精确地反映星光在大气中离地球表面的高度 ,并建立高度、航天器与地球的几何关系。通过对折射角进行观测 ,间接测得地平 ,从而改善了用地平仪直接测地平所造成的航天器自主导航精度低的不足。本文提出了几种利用星光折射的航天器自主定轨方案 ,并作了细致的仿真实验 ,对直接和间接两种测量地平方法以及几种星光折射自主定轨方案进行了分析比较。     

Ariane transfer vehicle in service of man in orbit

The Ariane transfer vehicle (ATV), an Ariane 5 borne, unmanned propulsion vehicle, is designed to transport the logistics needed to resupply the International Space Station (ISS) and the man tended free flyer (MTFF) step 2 with pressurized and unpressurized cargo and to dispose the waste. The ATV is an expendable vehicle and is disposed of by a safe atmospheric burn up. In accordance with the AR5 schedule it should be operational in 1996 for missions toward ISS and beyond the year 2000 for MTFF 2 missions. The main constituents of the proposed ATV are the modified AR5 third stage L5, an upgraded VEB steering the launcher as well as the ATV and the P/L-adaptor providing mechanical and umbilical links to the payload. The mechanical part of the RVD-kit will be placed on the payload-module, the main RVD sensors are located on the adaptor and the needed computer intelligence will be integrated on the VEB. To minimize the development, and recurring costs, the ATV concept fully complies to the idea of maximum use of existing hardware and software, mainly from the AR5, Hermes and Columbus programs thus minimizing development and recurring costs. The ATV is compatible to ISS, MTFF and OMV and is able to transport logistic modules compatible with NSTS and U.S.-expendable launchers.     

液体火箭发动机地面试车过程的实时故障检测方法研究

为解决液体火箭发动机地面试车过程中故障检测的及时性、实时性、可靠性和稳健性等关键问题,研究建立了稳态和启动工作过程实时故障检测与报警的自适应相关算法和包络线算法,并进行了大量试车数据的验证和地面试车的实时考核。结果表明,算法能对发动机启动和稳态工作过程中的故障及时准确地检测,并在地面试车的实时和强干扰环境下具有良好的可靠性和稳健性。研究结果对研制工程实用的我国运载火箭健康监控系统具有重要的理论和应用价值。     

基于主元分析法的液体火箭发动机传感器故障检测与诊断

针对液体火箭发动机的压力、温度、流量等传感器数据,给出了一种基于主元分析法的传感器故障检测与诊断方法。该方法能够在对测量参数相关性分析的基础上,将传感器测量值所组成的测量空间分解为主元和残差两个子空间,通过传感器实际测量数据与正常数据矩阵在残差子空间投影的比较,对传感器的故障进行检测与诊断。以某型LRE传感器组为研究对象,通过故障模拟,给出了该方法对4种典型传感器故障的检测与诊断实例。结果表明主元分析法对LRE传感器具有很好的故障检测和故障诊断能力。     

深空探测器推进系统

以技术较成效的月球探测器、火星探测器推进系统为重点，介绍了国外深空探测活动的情况。简述了深空探测对推进系统的需求、我国航天器液体推进技术的现状。认为我国的推进技术经一些适应性发展，即可满足深空探测的需求，并且设想了我国近期较为可行的深空探测器推进系统方案。     

高分辨率星载聚束式SAR改进的ECS成像算法

提出一种适用于高星载聚束式合成孔径雷达（SAR）的改进Extended Chirp Scaling（ECS）算法。基于斜视距离等效模型，推导出改进的ECS算法，给出改进的方位Scaling因了以及算法的实现步骤。在斜视情况下改进的方法Scaling因子可以减小算法所需要的方位时间展宽，提高方位处理效率。为解决高分辨率星载聚束式SAR脉冲重复频率（PRF）过高等问题，在算法中结合了子孔径处理，并分析了采用子孔径处理的必要性及其实现方法。最后，通过计算机仿真，验证了算法的有效性。     

轨道机动过程中推力加速度的实时最小方差估计

飞行器轨道机动过程中，为跟踪、定位机动目标和干预机动控制过程，需要统计处理离散的雷达观测量实时估计推进发动机的推力，进而确定飞行器的瞬时轨道参数。本文所述算法是该工程问题的探讨和解决方案。文章建立了轨道机动过程中连续变质量运动模型和离散雷达量测模型，推进发动机的质量秒耗量作为表征推力加速度的一个近似常量，应用扩展卡尔曼滤波对离散的雷达测量数据进行顺序统计处理给出秒耗量的最小方差估计；文章详细地推导了线性化量模型的变分方程和观测矩阵；仿真结果表明该算法能快速、准确地估计推进发动机的质量秒耗量和向机动目标施加的实际推力。     

航天飞行器防热部件烧蚀行为的数值模拟

对航天飞行器防热部件在氧－煤油发动机火焰喷吹下的烧蚀行为进行了有限元数值模拟。利用“杀死”单元的方法建立防热部件瞬态温度场的有限元模型，实现了烧蚀边界的退缩，从而完成了对烧蚀尺寸变化的定量描述。烧蚀开始于4．59s，到12s时线烧蚀量为1．47mm。计算结果与试验的实测结果一致。     

LISA — a study of the ESA cornerstone mission for observing gravitational waves

The primary objective of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission is to detect and observe gravitational waves from massive black holes and galactic binaries in the frequency range 10⁻⁴ to 10⁻¹ Hz. This low-frequency range is inaccessible to ground-based interferometers because of the unshieldable background of local gravitational noise and because ground-based interferometers are limited in length to a few km. LISA is an ESA cornerstone mission and recently had a system study (Ref. 1) carried out by a consortium led by Astrium, which confirmed the basic configuration for the payload with only minor changes, and provided detailed concepts for the spacecraft and mission design. The study confirmed the need for a drag-free technology demonstration mission to develop the inertial sensors for LISA, before embarking on the build of the flight sensors. With a technology demonstration flight in 2005, it would be possible to carry out LISA as a joint ESA-NASA mission with a launch by 2010 subject to the funding programmatics. The baseline for LISA is three disc-like spacecraft each of which consist of a science module which carries the laser interferometer payload (two in each science module) and a propulsion module containing an ion drive and the hydrazine thrusters of the AOCS. The propulsion module is used for the transfer from earth escape trajectory provided by the Delta II launch to the operational orbit. Once there the propulsion module is jettisoned to reduce disturbances on the payload. Detailed analysis of thermal and gravitational disturbances, a model of the drag-free control and of the interferometer operation confirm that the strain sensitivity of the interferometer will be achieved.     

按降低轨迹灵敏度综合最优设计飞行控制系统

本文提出了一个按降低轨迹灵敏度综合最优设计飞行控制系统的方法。它能使系统具有满意的动态品质,同时对系统参数的变化及非线性产生的影响具有较强的鲁棒性。该设计方法具有通用性和程序化,系统实现简单。