Numerical investigation of the nonreacting and reacting flow fields in a transverse gaseous injection channel with different species

The mixing and combustion process has an important impact on the engineering realization of the scramjet engine. The nonreacting and reacting flow fields in a transverse injection channel have been investigated numerically, and the predicted results have been compared with the available experimental data in the open literature, the wall pressure distributions, the separation length, as well as the penetration height. Further, the influences of the molecular weight of the fuel and the jet-to-crossflow pressure ratio on the wall pressure distribution have been studied. The obtained results show that the predicted results show reasonable agreement with the experimental data, and the variable trends of the penetration height and the separation distance are almost the same as those obtained in the experiment. The vapor pressure model is suitable to fit the relationship between the penetration height, the separation distance and the jet-to-crossflow pressure ratio. The combustion process mainly occurs upstream of the injection port, and it makes a great difference to the wall pressure distribution upstream of the injection port, especially when the jet-to-crossflow pressure ratio is large enough, namely 17.72 and 25.15 in the range considered in the current study. For hydrogen, the combustion downstream of the injection port occurs more intensively, and this may be induced by its smaller molecular weight.     

Performance comparison of aero-ramp and transverse injector based on gas-pilot flame

A direct performance comparison between the four-hole aero-ramp injector and single transverse injector in a dual-mode scramjet combustor was conducted. The mixing characteristics of two injectors were calculated by solving the three-dimensional (3-D) compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS), with the help of the shear-stress-transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model. The numerical results show that the far field mixing efficiency of the aero-ramp injector is higher than that of the single transverse injector. High enthalpy vitiated air was heated to a total temperature of 1200K by hydrogen-oxygen combustion, entering the isolator entrance at a Mach number of 2.0. Non-reacting experimental conditions involved sonic injection of nitrogen to safely simulate ethylene injected into the combustor at a jet-to-free stream momentum flux ratio of 2.6. Schlieren photographs were obtained to analyze the shock structure around the injectors. Reacting test conditions involved sonic injection of ethylene at the jet-to-free stream momentum flux ratios ranging from 0.5 to 2.7. High speed camera was used to capture the flame structures in the near-field combustion. The experimental results show that the aero-ramp injector produce sustained combustion over a wider range of fuel-air ratios than the single transverse injector. At the identical jet-to-free stream momentum flux ratio, the aero-ramp has a larger isolator margin than the single transverse injector, demonstrating a better ability for avoiding overflows. However, the air specific impulse and total temperature recovery of two injectors, which are calculated by the one-dimensional (1-D) performance analysis code, are almost identical.      

远场应变法测量应力强度因子

本文给出一种将常规电阻应变片贴在距裂纹尖端较远处测量Ⅰ型裂纹应力强度因子K_1的方法。此法实际上是一种实验法与数值法相结合的方法。用实验法测出应变,应变又可以用含待定系数的Williams级数表示,它们组成一组线性代数方程组。解此方程组,可获得待定系数,由待定系数与应力强度因子的已知关系,可求出K_1。 远场应变测量法,避开了裂纹尖端邻域应变梯度很大的区域和可能的塑性区,因而应变测量比较准确。 测出的应变输入数据处理设备及计算机就可以快速实时地知道含裂纹结构在承载情况的K_1,便于进行破坏控制,使设备安全而可靠的工作。     

空间充气薄膜衍射成像结构的热力耦合分析

随着空间光学技术的发展,衍射成像系统成为空间光学领域的研究热点。提出了一种充气薄膜衍射成像结构设计方案,针对其在空间热载荷作用下的热力耦合效应开展研究。建立了充气薄膜衍射成像结构的热力耦合顺序分析框架,基于I DEAS和ANSYS软件二次开发技术,实现了热力耦合数值分析,得到了结构在轨运行时的瞬态温度场、热应力、热变形等。分析结果表明,充气支撑结构产生了较大热变形,但最大热应力远小于聚酰亚胺薄膜材料的抗拉强度,而镜面中心处没有出现较大的热变形响应,为充气薄膜衍射成像结构的防热设计提供了技术支持。     

红外地球敏感器光电组件测试技术研究

在圆锥扫描式红外地球敏感器设计过程中,基于嵌入式SoC技术,提出了一种小体积专用光电组件地面测试系统实现方法,可实现地球敏感器中光栅信号、基准信号的幅度、频率、动态频率等参数的精密测量。介绍了系统的组成及工作原理,着重对非稳定性光栅信号幅度及频率精确测量方法进行了讨论。     

曝气池-氧化沟工艺在含油废水处理中的应用

石化企业产生的大量生产废水,难于处理且危害较大,本文介绍了一种处理含油废水的工艺--曝气池与氧化沟串联,经过实际运行,总结其特点及影响因素,指出该工艺在含油废水处理领域应用,具有出水水质达标,运行平稳,方便操作且脱氮除磷的优点.     

锂氟化碳电池对火星探测任务工况适应性研究

锂氟化碳电池在固体正极体系一次电池中拥有最高的理论比能量(约2180 W·h·kg-1),特别适合对载荷质量要求苛刻的深空探测任务.我国首个火星探测器"天问一号"在其着陆巡视器内部使用了一组锂氟化碳电池用于完成进入—下降—着陆段的供电任务.文章提炼锂氟化碳电池与深空探测应用密切相关的4项基本特性,根据火星探测任务的特点...     

流体拓扑优化方法及其在叶轮机械中的应用

相比于结构拓扑优化,流体拓扑优化的发展较为滞后。为了促进流体拓扑优化在叶轮机械领域的应用,根据公开资料中的研究成果,首先介绍了该方法的理论基础,包括优化问题数学模型、流动控制方程及求解方法、灵敏度分析技术、优化不稳定问题的预防措施及几何重构方法。然后总结归纳了流体拓扑优化在叶轮机械气动热力学领域的研究现状,通过对涡轮叶片内部冷却结构、涡轮叶片叶顶结构以及离心压气机弯道设计的描述,指出该方法的技术优势。研究表明,相比于传统形状和尺寸优化方法,拓扑优化具有更高的设计自由度,且突破了结构参数化的限制,有助于挖掘具有优良性能的新型结构。最后,对流体拓扑优化方法在未来叶轮机械设计中的发展进行了展望。     

中国首次火星探测工程有效载荷总体设计

简要介绍了中国首次火星探测工程的科学目标与有效载荷的配置,有效载荷分系统的总体技术方案,包括有效载荷供配电、遥测遥控、科学数据处理、在轨自主运控,以及有效载荷分系统在轨基本工作流程安排。针对火星环绕器有效载荷功能复杂、安装位置分散等特点,配置了独立的载荷控制器设备,通过总线网络将有效载荷分系统组成有机整体,实现与环绕器平台的统一电接口。针对火星车有效载荷在重量、体积、能源等方面的严格限制,通过最大限度地将各有效载荷主控电子学控制单元集成于一台载荷控制器设备中,实现了对有效载荷的集中控制和管理。     

基于ZnO阵列的银表面二次电子发射抑制技术

随着卫星有效载荷的射频功率越来越大,传统的微放电抑制方法已经无法满足大功率卫星有效载荷的需求。降低大功率射频部件内表面的二次电子发射系数是抑制微放电效应的重要方法之一,通过在金属银表面构造纳米量级ZnO阵列,实现了纳米尺度银陷阱结构的制备,研究了晶种制备方式、锌盐浓度对ZnO阵列生长的影响。结果表明,采用紫外照射法制备晶种获得的ZnO阵列在样片表面分布均匀,提高锌盐浓度可改善ZnO阵列的分布均匀性。分析了ZnO阵列排列密度对银膜构筑的影响,发现在低密度的ZnO阵列上更加容易镀覆金属银。因此,获得了镀银表面基于ZnO阵列的陷阱结构制备的工艺技术,实现金属银表面二次电子发射系数最大值降低36.3%。