Ariane transfer vehicle in service of man in orbit

The Ariane transfer vehicle (ATV), an Ariane 5 borne, unmanned propulsion vehicle, is designed to transport the logistics needed to resupply the International Space Station (ISS) and the man tended free flyer (MTFF) step 2 with pressurized and unpressurized cargo and to dispose the waste. The ATV is an expendable vehicle and is disposed of by a safe atmospheric burn up. In accordance with the AR5 schedule it should be operational in 1996 for missions toward ISS and beyond the year 2000 for MTFF 2 missions. The main constituents of the proposed ATV are the modified AR5 third stage L5, an upgraded VEB steering the launcher as well as the ATV and the P/L-adaptor providing mechanical and umbilical links to the payload. The mechanical part of the RVD-kit will be placed on the payload-module, the main RVD sensors are located on the adaptor and the needed computer intelligence will be integrated on the VEB. To minimize the development, and recurring costs, the ATV concept fully complies to the idea of maximum use of existing hardware and software, mainly from the AR5, Hermes and Columbus programs thus minimizing development and recurring costs. The ATV is compatible to ISS, MTFF and OMV and is able to transport logistic modules compatible with NSTS and U.S.-expendable launchers.     

防空导弹对机动目标杀伤效果分析

为了分析目标机动对寻的式防空导弹杀伤概率的影响,设计了基于蒙特卡洛试验方法的仿真试验系统。分别建立了基于典型作战飞机和巡航导弹的机动目标仿真模型,建立了基于某型寻的式防空导弹的仿真模型。通过对机动目标进行大量的统计仿真,获得了防空导弹拦截机动目标的全空域杀伤概率。对仿真结果的分析表明,机动目标的航路捷径、机动方式、机动时机是影响寻的式防空导弹拦截效果的主要因素。本文的研究成果可以作为武器系统作战效能评估和战术使用研究的理论依据。     

星载合成孔径雷达回波多普勒频率的计算

从星载合成孔径雷达（ＳＡＲ）与目标的相对运动关系出发，以ＳＡＲ发射信号的波长、卫星的轨道参数和目标的位置（地心经纬度）为已知条件，导出了计算目标回小以的多普勒频率的解析公式，这对于星载ＳＡＲ系统的性能 初步设计具有重要作用。     

基于Bayes假设检验的SAR图像分辨率计算方法

分辨率是衡量SAR成像质量的重要评价指标。目前所采用的3dB主瓣宽度方法来源于光学成像中的瑞利准则,受人类视觉感知能力限制,且没有考虑噪声影响。根据SAR图像表达式与观测信号乘法模型,在存在目标位置先验信息情况下,基于Bayes假设检验理论建立点目标分辨判别准则,得到统计意义上的分辨率计算方法,得到的结论与现有的关于分辨率计算的定性理解相一致,克服了瑞利准则的缺陷。     

GPS/速率陀螺组合Kalman滤波姿态确定算法研究

建立了GPS／速率陀螺组合姿态估计系统的模型，研究比较了三种典型的Kalman滤波姿态确定算法：状态扩充法、量测量求差法和时变噪声估计跟踪自适应滤波算法。给出了某航天器采用GPS／速率陀螺组合姿态确定的仿真计算结果，并对结果进行了分析。结果表明，与传统Kalman滤波算法比较，时变噪声跟踪自适应滤波算法和量测量求差滤波算法能较好地消除GPS测量中相关时变噪声的影响，提高姿态确定的精度；而且时变噪声跟踪自适应滤波算法能很好地消除由于噪声统计性能的不确定性对Kalman滤波的影响，提高姿态确定系统的性能。     

基于Lagrange方法的航天员舱外活动计算机仿真

在比较各种地面微重力模拟设备的优缺点的基础上，阐述了计算机动态仿真航天员舱外活动(EVA，Extra Vehicular Activity)的必要性。简要的概述了应用计算多刚体系统动力学对EVA进行仿真的步骤。描述了拉格朗日方程在仿真过程中的应用，建立了用于仿真的动力学方程。选取典型的EVA，得出了描述该EVA系统运动的拉格朗日动力学方程。利用反向运动学和反向动力学对该EVA进行了仿真计算，并对结果进行了分析。     

发汗冷却喷管在火箭发动机上的应用

较系统地介绍了发汗冷却的机理和发汗冷却研究的发展历程，说明了发汗喷管不同研究阶段的典型结构，并重点阐述了可望很快应用于工程上的发汗喷管结构，同时列出了发汗喷管计算中关键技术－热量交换的有关数学模型和各参数的取值。指出了近期需要开展的工作。     

航天飞行器防热部件烧蚀行为的数值模拟

对航天飞行器防热部件在氧－煤油发动机火焰喷吹下的烧蚀行为进行了有限元数值模拟。利用“杀死”单元的方法建立防热部件瞬态温度场的有限元模型，实现了烧蚀边界的退缩，从而完成了对烧蚀尺寸变化的定量描述。烧蚀开始于4．59s，到12s时线烧蚀量为1．47mm。计算结果与试验的实测结果一致。     

LISA — a study of the ESA cornerstone mission for observing gravitational waves

The primary objective of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission is to detect and observe gravitational waves from massive black holes and galactic binaries in the frequency range 10⁻⁴ to 10⁻¹ Hz. This low-frequency range is inaccessible to ground-based interferometers because of the unshieldable background of local gravitational noise and because ground-based interferometers are limited in length to a few km. LISA is an ESA cornerstone mission and recently had a system study (Ref. 1) carried out by a consortium led by Astrium, which confirmed the basic configuration for the payload with only minor changes, and provided detailed concepts for the spacecraft and mission design. The study confirmed the need for a drag-free technology demonstration mission to develop the inertial sensors for LISA, before embarking on the build of the flight sensors. With a technology demonstration flight in 2005, it would be possible to carry out LISA as a joint ESA-NASA mission with a launch by 2010 subject to the funding programmatics. The baseline for LISA is three disc-like spacecraft each of which consist of a science module which carries the laser interferometer payload (two in each science module) and a propulsion module containing an ion drive and the hydrazine thrusters of the AOCS. The propulsion module is used for the transfer from earth escape trajectory provided by the Delta II launch to the operational orbit. Once there the propulsion module is jettisoned to reduce disturbances on the payload. Detailed analysis of thermal and gravitational disturbances, a model of the drag-free control and of the interferometer operation confirm that the strain sensitivity of the interferometer will be achieved.     

按降低轨迹灵敏度综合最优设计飞行控制系统

本文提出了一个按降低轨迹灵敏度综合最优设计飞行控制系统的方法。它能使系统具有满意的动态品质,同时对系统参数的变化及非线性产生的影响具有较强的鲁棒性。该设计方法具有通用性和程序化,系统实现简单。