Modeling the Modification of the Nighttime High-Latitude F-Region by Powerful HF Radiowaves

A mathematical model of the high-latitude F-region, taking the ionospheric plasma convection into account, is used for modeling a response of the auroral F-region to irradiation by powerful high-frequency (HF) radiowaves. The model enables us to calculate the time variations in the profiles of the electron concentration, the velocity of positive ions, and the ion and electron temperatures in the part of a magnetic-flux tube moving over an artificial ionospheric heater under the action of a convective electric field. The modeling was carried out for a part of the magnetic flux tube intersecting the F-layer irradiated by the Norwegian heater at Tromsö when it is located near the midnight magnetic meridian. The calculations were made for the equinox conditions under the high solar and low geomagnetic activity. The results of our modeling show that substantial variations in the profiles of the electron temperature, the velocity of positive ions, and the electron concentration can be produced in the nighttime high-latitude F-layer due to HF heating. The perturbation caused by a 20 s rectangular pulse should exist for about 20 min at the level of the F-layer maximum. The disturbed plasma volume can leave the region irradiated by the heater and move away for over 500 km within the above-mentioned time period.     

MMAE-Based Control with Space-Time Point Process Observations

A multiple model adaptive estimator (MMAE) has been formulated to estimate the state of a dynamic system modeled by a linear stochastic differential equation, from which measurements, described as a noise-corrupted space-time point process functionally related to that state, are extracted. Assumed certainty equivalence is used to combine such an estimator with the LQ full-state feedback controller to synthesize a practical, implementable controller. Performance of the estimator and resultant controller characteristics are investigated via simulation as a function of approximation method used to limit the full-scale estimator to finite dimensionality and also as a function of important parameters defining the dynamics and observation processes.     

Biogeochemical evidence of microbial activity on Mars.

We suggest a new interpretation of the data on so-called SNC meteorites and delta 13C values of the calcium carbonate minerals and organic matter discovered in them. The delta 13C value of calcite (up to 15 ppt) is accounted for by the microbial reaction CO2 + H2 ---> CH4 + H2O. Methane-forming bacteria also synthesize organic carbon (in the form of biomass) from CO2, and this process is accompanied by 12C fractionation. Therefore, the organic carbon of SNC meteorites is enriched with 12C (delta 13C as low as -35 ppt). The environmental conditions under which the calcite of SNC meteorites was formed were favorable for the activity of methanogens.     

Synthesis of biomass and utilization of plants wastes in a physical model of biological life-support system

The paper considers problems of biosynthesis of higher plants' biomass and "biological incineration" of plant wastes in a working physical model of biological LSS. The plant wastes are "biologically incinerated" in a special heterotrophic block involving Californian worms, mushrooms and straw. The block processes plant wastes (straw, haulms) to produce soil-like substrate (SLS) on which plants (wheat, radish) are grown. Gas exchange in such a system consists of respiratory gas exchange of SLS and photosynthesis and respiration of plants. Specifics of gas exchange dynamics of high plants--SLS complex has been considered. Relationship between such a gas exchange and PAR irradiance and age of plants has been established. Nitrogen and iron were found to the first to limit plants' growth on SLS when process conditions are deranged. The SLS microflora has been found to have different kinds of ammonifying and denitrifying bacteria which is indicative of intensive transformation of nitrogen-containing compounds. The number of physiological groups of microorganisms in SLS was, on the whole, steady. As a result, organic substances--products of exchange of plants and microorganisms were not accumulated in the medium, but mineralized and assimilated by the biocenosis. Experiments showed that the developed model of a man-made ecosystem realized complete utilization of plant wastes and involved them into the intrasystem turnover.     

共析钢的相变超塑性扩散连接

根据高温扩散和空洞蠕变闭合理论，在恒温超塑性扩散连接基础上建立相变超塑性扩散连接数学模型，可确定各工艺参数，诸如循环上限温度、压力、循环次数以及升、降温速率等对连接的影响，作为选择合适工艺参数的依据。经过对T8共析钢相变超塑性扩散连接试验研究，证明该理论模型与试验结果吻合较好。     

基于市场的最适宜质量水平模型

以企业利润最大化为目标，引入效用的概念，提出了一个基于市场的最适宜质量水平模型。该模型突破了现有的质量经济学理论仅以质量成本确定最适宜质量水平的模式，将质量水平与产品成本，效用和市场绩效联系起来，使模型具有更为方法的适用性，本文还就市场不确定性，消费者偏好，技术进步，市场竞争等因素对模型的影响展开了讨论，揭示了质量，销量，价格，成本，技术与竞争之间的关系，为企业产品决策，技术改造决策和质量策划提供了参考依据。     

提高电铸局部电沉积速率试验研究

电铸成型是采用离子沉积的方法制造复制件，具有很好的复制精度，因此电铸技术得到了广泛的应用。但由于受极限电流密度等多方面因素的影响，电铸速率一直是制约电铸技术发展的一个瓶颈，许多学者为此做了大量的理论和试验研究，但对如何提高极限电流密度还没有提供一个比较满意的答案，为提高电铸局部电沉积速率，本文在前人工作的基础上，讨论了影响电铸速率的因素，提出了一种新型的电铸方法－喷射式电铸，并通过两组试验分析了局部电沉积速率怀电铸液流量的关系以及局部铸速率与喷嘴口径的关系，试验结果表明，采用喷射式电铸可以大大提高局部极限电流密度，从而使电铸局部电沉积速率有一个较大范围的提高，为将电铸与快速成型结合奠定了试验基础。     

一种基于实体模型的三轴数控加工刀轨生成算法

实体模型是几何造型的高级模型，它具有完整的曲面拓扑关系，国内基本实体模型的数摈加工算法的需求日渐迫切，本文提出了一种适合实体模型的三轴数控加工刀位轨迹生成算法；首先根据加工行距作一组平行于刀轴的平面，与模型的待加工表面求交，得到一系列交线，再根据加工步长规划另一组与上述平面垂直且平行于刀轴的平面，与上述交线求交，得到一交点网格，判断刀具与数据点的位置关系从而得到刀位轨迹。     

用薄板等积变换方法制造起伏构造的工艺问题研究(英文)

研究了用于夹层壁板的新型轻质芯材的制造问题。该种芯材是一种可改变平面方向的褶皱构造。采用薄板等积变换通过局部弯曲而不拉伸材料的方法制造该种芯材已成为可能。其主要难点在于 ,必须实现沿复杂的展开图上所有的画线同时弯曲。现借助于成形过程中使原来的构形组件变形解决其造型问题。本文提出的工艺方法可用于不同材料的深度起伏构造制造 ,如金属薄板和纸等。