3点逐步r型自适应网格算法

为了根据某个流场参数梯度较合理地分布网格同时又不增加网格点的数量,提出一种基以总变差为基础的r型3点逐步自适应网格算法,通过3点逐步调整网格点的位置以减小网格线的扭曲,生成质量较好的计算网格.以绕二维圆柱和三维双椭球的超声速流动为算例,用Euler方程模拟,以流场的压力总变差来进行自适应,通过分别用所提出的自适应方法生成的自适应网格与用原始网格计算所得的流场结果对比,计算结果表明,用自适应网格计算所得的激波比用初始网格计算所得的激波薄,采用自适应方法所计算出的流场数值解具有更高的分辨率.      

附属小圆柱对主圆柱绕流影响的数值模拟

从小马赫数下的可压缩Navier-Stokes方程出发,采用覆盖网格分区算法,对在主圆柱尾流场的适当位置放置附属小圆柱时的流动特性及其对主圆柱绕流问题的影响进行了详细的数值模拟研究.根据模拟结果,主要探讨在小雷诺数范围内,附属小圆柱位置、个数、大小以及雷诺数变化等因素对主圆柱绕流的流场结构及其非定常演化过程的影响.计算结果表明,在小雷诺数范围内,无论附属小圆柱的个数如何,都存在最佳抑制区域.当附属小圆柱放在这个区域时,涡街被完全抑制,整个流场达到准定常状态;同时,阻力系数也显著下降.在一定程度上,随着小圆柱直径的增加,主圆柱涡脱落更易被抑制.另外,相对于单个附加小圆柱而言,使用两个附加小圆柱能使主圆柱涡脱落的抑制提高到更高的雷诺数.      

Noise covariances estimation for systems with bias states

This paper presents a new approach to noise covariances estimation for a linear, time-invariant, stochastic system with constant but unknown bias states. The system is supposed to satisfy controllable/observable conditions without bias states. Based on a restructured data representation, the covariance of a new variable that consists of measurement vectors is expressed as a linear combination of unknown parameters. Noise covariances are then estimated by employing a recursive least-squares algorithm. The proposed method requires no a priori estimates of noise covariances, provides consistent estimates, and can also be applied when the relationship between bias states and other states is unknown. The method has been applied to strapdown inertial navigation system initial alignment. Simulation results indicate a satisfactory performance of the proposed method     

Stability Analysis of a Buck Regulator Employing Input Filter Compensation

The interaction between the input filter and the regulator often causes serious degradation of performance. The reduction in loop gain due to input filter interaction can result in system instability. An exact stability analysis of the buck regulator system is presented. The input filter parameter values are varied and system instability is predicted for the case without feedforward. The eigenvalues of the system can be brought back into the unit circle and the system thus stabilized with the addition of the feedforward loop. Measurements made for the cases with and without feedforward confirm the analytical prediction.     

Design of Switching Regulator with Combined FM and On-Off Control

The design and implementation of a switching regulator incorporating a high-frequency series-resonant converter and a combined FM and on-off feedback control is presented. The combined FM and on-off control results in a better conversion efficiency and a wider range of operational input voltage and output current. A 22.5 V, 50 W experimental regulator has been built to demonstrate the practicality of the circuit and its high efficiency, typically 92 to 96 percent, depending on the input and loading conditions.     

Optimal Design Strategy of Switching Converters Employing Current in jected Control

This paper analyzes a buck/boost regulator employing current-injected control (CIC). It reveals the complex interactions between the dc loop and the current-injected loop and underlines the fundamental principle that governs the loop gain determination. Three commonly used compensation techniques are compared. The integral and lead/lag compensation are shown to be most desirable for performance optimization and stability.     

A multioutput LLC-type parallel resonant converter

When an LLC-type parallel resonant converter (LLC-PRC) operates above resonant frequency, the switching transistors can be turned off at zero voltage. Further study reveals that the LLC-PRC possesses the advantage of lower converter voltage gain as compared with the conventional PRC. Based on the analytic results derived, a complete set of design curves from which a systematic design procedure is developed is obtained. Experimental results from a 150-W, 150-kHz, multioutput LLC-type PRC power supply are presented     

Gender differences in organ density in a rat simulated microgravity model

Research investigating the physiological effects of microgravity on the human body has demonstrated a shift of body fluids in actual spaceflight and in simulated Earth-based microgravity models in both males and females, possibly causing many deleterious physiological effects. Twenty-five anatomically normal female (NF) and 20 ovariectomized (OE) Fischer 344 rats were randomly selected to be in an experimental (1 h of 45 degrees head-down tilt, 45HDT) or control (1 h of prone position) group. At the end of the hour experimental period, the density of the brain, lungs, heart, liver, and left and right kidneys were measured using spiral computed tomography (SCT) while the rats remained in their experimental positions. A sub-group of OE rats (N=6) was administered estrogen replacement therapy on a daily basis (5 micrograms/kg body weight, s.c.) for 4 days and then underwent 1 h of 45HDT and SCT analysis at one day, 2 days, and 5 days to determine if estrogen replacement therapy would alter organ densities. Our data demonstrate that 1 h of 45HDT produced significant increases (p<0.05) in the organ densities of the brain, liver, left kidney, and lung of the OE female group compared to their prone controls. However, only the brain density was significantly increased in the NF group. Estrogen replacement therapy caused a significant decrease in brain organ density at the 5 day time point compared to the 24 h time point. We conclude that estrogen plays a role in fluid distribution in a rat 45HDT model.     

吸气式高超声速飞行器气动热试验研究

为获得吸气式高超声速飞行器气动热环境的数据,开展了气动热试验研究。在激波风洞中,来流马赫数Ma=6.12,来流单位雷诺数Re/L=1.37×107(1/m)试验条件下,对吸气式高超声速飞行器1/4缩比模型进行了表面气动热的测量。试验获得了小攻角变化范围内的飞行器头部前缘、头部上下交线、机身上下表面中心线、机身横截面周向、平尾垂尾前缘、发动机唇口等位置的热流率分布。研究结果表明,吸气式高超声速飞行器头部前缘、前体进气道壁面、发动机唇口、平尾垂尾前缘气动加热最为严重,另外乘波体外形的设计与布局影响热流的分布。     

An Adaptive-Control Switching Buck Regulator-Implementation, Analysis, and Design

Describing-function techniques and averaging methods have been employed to characterize a multiloop switching buck regulator by three functionsl blocks: power stage, analog signal processor, and pulse modulator. The model is employed. to explore possible forms of pole-zero cancellation and the adaptive nature of the control to filter parameter changes. Analysis-based design guide lines are provided including a suggested additional RC-compensation loop to optimize regulator performances such as stability, audiosusceptibility, output impedance, and load transient response.