TC-1和Geotail对亚暴过程中近地等离子体片磁扰动的联合观测

以2004年9月28日02:53:20 UT的亚暴为例, 通过TC-1在磁尾约12.5 R_e 和Geotail卫星在近地磁尾等离子体片约8～9 R_e的联合观测, 研究亚暴触发过程中近地磁尾等离子体片中等离子体波动特征. 结果表明, 亚暴触发区是近地磁尾中心等离子体片中较小的一个区域, 在亚暴触发区中低混杂不稳定性在近地磁尾等离子体片中存在, 准垂直传播的低混杂波发生在亚暴触发过程中, 而亚暴触发过程中近地磁尾等离子体片外边界区内的磁场偶极化信号和扰动都非常微弱. 在亚暴触发和亚暴膨胀相过程中出现了多次具有不同特征的磁场偶极化现象.      

Topological biosignatures: large-scale structure of chemical networks from biology and astrochemistry

The chemical basis of life involves more than simply the presence of biological molecules; biochemical systems embody a complex network of reactions with characteristic topological features. At the same time, chemical complexity is also present in nonbiological contexts, inviting us to clarify the relationship between chemistry and life through comparative studies. This study examines chemical networks from biology (the metabolism of E. coli) and astronomy (gas-phase reactions in dark molecular clouds) to establish common topological features that may be generic for any complex chemical system, as well as clear differences that may be topological signatures of life. The biological and astrochemical networks exhibit different scaling behaviors, and the network motifs found in the two systems show similarities as well as significant differences. The PageRank algorithm was used to quantify the degree to which individual species act primarily as products or reactants; in the metabolic network, these two roles are nearly identical for most species, whereas the astrochemical network shows a clearer partitioning into reactants and products.     

国航之旅 我们的幸福暖冬

冬天是个浪漫的季节,无论是圣诞节的宁馨,还是新年元旦的召唤,都能让一颗颗敏感而充满活力的心欢欣雀跃。纯净的十二月,寒冷让世界变得遥远,却也让有爱的人们靠得更近,也许,该去一个美丽的地方,蓝天碧透,湖水清澈在鲜花丛中．让自己也变成一朵盛开的花．呼吸都是自然的罄香也许．该去一个温暖的地方．卸掉沉重的冬农．灿烂的阳光下欢乐疯跑．风都赶不上你欢乐的脚步．也许该去一个幸福的地方．     

The microbial habitability of weathered volcanic glass inferred from continuous sensing techniques

Basaltic glasses (hyaloclastite) are a widespread habitat for life in volcanic environments, yet their interior physical conditions are poorly characterized. We investigated the characteristics of exposed weathered basaltic glass from a surface outcrop in Iceland, using microprobes capable of continuous sensing, to determine whether the physical conditions in the rock interior are hospitable to microbial life. The material provided thermal protection from freeze-thaw and rapid temperature fluctuations, similar to data reported for other rock types. Water activity experiments showed that at moisture contents less than 13% wet weight, the glass and its weathering product, palagonite, had a water activity below levels suitable for bacterial growth. In pore spaces, however, these higher moisture conditions might be maintained for many days after a precipitation event. Gas exchange between the rock interior and exterior was rapid (< 10 min) when the rocks were dry, but when saturated with water, equilibration took many hours. During this period, we demonstrated the potential for low oxygen conditions within the rock caused by respiratory stimulation of the heterotrophic community within. These conditions might exist within subglacial environments during the formation of the rocks or in micro-environments in the interior of exposed rocks. The experiments showed that microbial communities at the site studied here could potentially be active for 39% of the year, if the depth of the community within the outcrop maintains a balance between access to liquid water and adequate protection from freezing. In the absence of precipitation, the interior of weathered basaltic glass is an extreme and life-limiting environment for microorganisms on Earth and other planets.     

傅里叶变换法用于脉冲多普勒雷达检测加速运动目标的研究

傅里叶变换法通常用于脉冲多普勒雷达检测加速运动目标，尽管该方法的性能会受多普勒拖尾现象限制。机动飞机和导弹属于加速运动目标。本文作者量化了多普勒拖尾的影响。在运用脉冲多普勒雷达检测附加白高斯噪声的非加速目标并估算该目标的径向速度试验中，傅里叶变换法能够使输出信噪比(SNR)随脉冲数线性增加。当目标加速时，只要加速度足够小，那么傅里叶方法仍可以检测目标并估算其平均速度。针对某一给定的加速度，当脉冲数增加时，傅里叶变换法得到的输出信噪比(SNR)随脉冲数的增加成凹函数变化，即输出SNR先增加到最大值然后开始下降，直到该方法不适用为止。因此脉冲数和加速度必须匹配才能获得最佳性能。文中给出了最佳SNR、最佳脉冲数与加速度关系的经验公式。这些结果被证明与采用栅格搜寻的广义似然比检测器设计是相符的。     

The implementation of game in a 20-day head-down tilting bed rest experiment upon mood status and neurotic levels of rest subjects

This study evaluated the effect of the implementation of game on mental health among participants in a bedrest (BR) experiment. Subjects were 12 healthy males aged 20-26, who participated in a 20-day 6-degrees head-down tilting BR experiment. The participants were asked to complete psychometrical questionnaires before, during, and after the experiment. We entrusted the participants to manage their leisure time and they intended a game in which all of them could take part over the experiment period. The general conversation and light-hearted mood among the subjects continued during the experimental period. Longitudinal data analysis showed that levels of neurosis and mood status did not deteriorate during the experiment, while our previous experiments, which were performed under the same protocol as this study except for the implementation of the game showed a distinct deterioration in psychosocial status. We consider that the implementation of game autonomously contributes to the positive effects on the mental health among the participants.     

论现有远地点发动机用于新航天飞行器的有关问题

为了使正进入鉴定阶段的远地点发动机(TE-M-616)用于广播试验卫星,本文介绍了该新航天飞行器对远地点发动机的各系统及分系统提出的要求。由于加拿大通讯技术卫星和广播试验卫星对远地点发动机在环境和性能要求上有所不同,为了解决此问题,必须使远地点发动机经受住最恶劣的环境。喷管设计以及远地点发动机与航天器的对接都利用现有设计结构。根据对远地点发动机分析的结果,已经表明,若保持安全系数不变,只需要对现在进行的试验计划做一些修改和补充。另一方面,对于航天器提出的技术条件必须进一步审核,以便使新航天飞行器设计有最大可能利用现有的远地点发动机。     

SABRE雷达及其观测的Pc5地磁脉动Ⅰ.统计分析结果

本文简要介绍了相干散射雷达SABRE及其观测Pc5地磁脉动的工作原理。1985—1989年观测数据的统计分析结果表明,相位向极传播脉动事件的出现率峰值在当地时间午夜附近,而向赤道传播事件的出现率峰值则在18:00LT左右。文中给出了上述两类脉动事件出现率的日变化,与地磁活动的相关,与背景电离层等离子体对流特性的关系等统计分析结果。     

对NASA指控中心软件测试度量的评定

软件度量用于软件开发过程和软件产品质量的评定。在NASA航天飞机指挥控制中心(MCC)改造(MCCU)工程的测试阶段,采用了五种度量,除一种度量之外,其它度量均提供了很有用的信息。根据我们的经验,我们建议在软件开发的测试阶段使用这些度量,同时提出另外的侯选度量供进一步研究。     

中俄联合火星电离层星-星掩星探测

中俄联合火星星-星掩星探测是人类首次在火星空间环境进行此类的联合试验。用于探测火星电离层的星-星掩星技术较以前星地间的探测技术相比,有可接收高信噪比信号,反演精度高,可探测火星上太阳天顶角大于43°,或者小于138°的区域电离层等优点。本文介绍了中俄联合火星星-星掩星探测方案、基本原理,给出了主要技术指标、地面模拟测试结果。