烟火药水下燃烧的声辐射机理与实验研究（英文）

烟火药水下燃烧能够形成低频的水下声。法国烟火集团拉克鲁瓦防御公司研制出了一种＂烟火——声电＂声诱饵（1995）,但是至今还没有进行深入的研究与报道。本文就烟火药水下燃烧的声辐射机理进行了探讨。结果显示,其所辐射的噪声主要包括喷注噪声和气泡噪声,进一步的分析发现主要以气泡噪声为主,喷注湍流噪声为辅。为了证明此观点,实验研究了具有脉动燃烧效应的烟火药水下燃烧时的声辐射特性。     

RBCC混合燃烧模态一次火箭对燃烧稳定影响

通过RBCC三维构型的数值计算,详细研究了一次火箭流量变化对于整个燃烧流场的影响。研究表明,对于RBCC逐级扩张型燃烧室,处于混合燃烧模态时,仅依靠凹腔作为火焰稳定器很难实现整个流场有效的燃烧组织和火焰稳定;一次火箭火焰羽流可以为混合燃烧模态提供引导火焰,改变燃烧组织形式,跟凹腔配合实现二次喷注燃料与来流的充分掺混,提高流场的燃烧稳定性能,为实验研究提供了明确的方向。通过RBCC实验研究,也证明了开启小流量一次火箭能够促进整个流场的燃烧稳定,燃烧性能有很明显提高。一次火箭流量还需控制在一定流量范围内,才能既有效提高燃烧室火焰稳定和火焰传播能力,又能够保证进气道的稳定工作性能。     

Effects of the radial blade loading distribution and B parameter on the type of flow instability in a low-speed axial compressor

Previous studies showed that an axisymmetric hub-initiated disturbance defined as partial surge may initiate the stall of a transonic compressor; to reveal the instability evolution under full-span incompressible flow for different levels of hub loading and B parameter, an experimental investigation is conducted on a single-stage low-speed compressor. Experimental results show that under a uniform inflow condition without inlet flow distortion, a modal-type stall inception dominates in this low-speed compressor. When an inlet screen introducing hub distortion is used to increase the hub loading, a compressor stall is initiated by a modal wave, but large disturbances are present in the hub region before the compressor stall, which become stronger as the hub loading increases. Under high hub loading and large B parameter (implemented by adding hub distortion through an inlet screen and enlarging the outlet plenum volume, respectively), a compressor stall is triggered by an axisymmetric hub-initiated disturbance, which is much different from the modal-like disturbances. The beginning of this axisymmetric disturbance may be captured over 800 rotor revolutions prior to the onset of stall, and the amplitude grows with time. The disturbance is hub-initiated because the disturbance signal at the hub is detected much earlier than that at the tip; meanwhile, the frequency of this axisymmetric disturbance changes with the length of the inlet duct. The characteristics of instability evolution in the low-speed compressor are also compared with those in a transonic compressor.     

计及储能寿命的风储电站分层优化控制策略

为了有效地平抑风电场的功率波动,提高风电场的并网特性,增强风电场并网运行的经济性和可靠性,提出了一种计及储能寿命的风储电站分层优化控制策略。首先,从经济学角度分析储能系统的充放电特性,考虑不同控制方式对储能系统寿命的影响;其次,采用分层-分区控制方式对风储电站进行协调控制,上层根据电网调度需求,考虑分时电价政策对集中式储能和整个风电场级进行协调功率控制,下层考虑区域内分布式储能和多台风电机组间的协调功率控制;最后,采用改进遗传算法对分层优化控制模型求解。结果表明:所提出的基于储能寿命损耗的风储电站优化控制方法实现了风储电站中储能系统及风机出力的合理分配,在延长储能寿命的同时提高了电网对风电的消纳能力,使得整个风电场运行经济性显著提高。     

涡轴发动机部件特性修正及更新方法

针对由航空发动机零部件制造、装配及性能退化引起的发动机模型与实际发动机之间的性能不匹配问题,提出1种基于粒子群优化算法(PSO)的发动机部件特性自动修正及更新方法。根据发动机部件级模型的输出数据和发动机性能分析软件GasTurb计算结果,以发动机关键测量参数所定义的目标函数最小为优化目标,利用PSO获取不同相对换算转速下的部件特性修正因子,并在线完成特性图的自动更新。并以某型涡轴发动机为对象进行仿真验证,结果表明:该方法可有效提高涡轴发动机部件级模型的精度,并直接输出更新后的部件特性。     

Materials Experiment on Tiangong-2 Space Laboratory

During the China's Tiangong-2 (TG-2) flight mission, the experiments of 18 kinds of material samples were conducted in space by using a Multiple Materials Processing Furnace (MMPF) mounted in the orbital module of the TG-2 space laboratory. After the experiments of 12 kinds of samples of the first and second batches were completed successfully, astronauts packed and brought them back to the ground by ShenzhouⅡ spacecraft. By studying processing and formation on semiconductor and optoelectronics materials, metal alloys and metastable materials, functional single-crystal, micro-and nano-composite materials encapsulated in sample ampoules both in space and on Earth, we expect to explore some physical and chemical processes and mechanism of the materials formation that are normally obscured and therefore are difficult to study quantitatively on the ground due to the gravity-induced convection, to obtain the processing and synthesis technology for preparing high quality materials, and lead to the improvement and development of materials processing techniques on Earth, and also develop the experiment device and comprehensive ability for materials experiment in microgravity environment. This report briefly introduces the main points of each research work and preliminary comparative analysis results of 12 samples carried out by scientists undertaking research task.      

基于八叉树的简化构型三角片等值面削减算法

采用简化构型的SMC算法相比标准MC算法能够有效减少构成等值面的三角片的数量,但因为其仅是在体元内部的简化,所以不能较好地利用数据集表面局部形态特征。针对这一问题进一步提出OSMC算法。其根据简化构型的特点,首先采用八叉树结构组织体元,然后采用自底向上的合并策略合并节点,最后实现局部区域三角片合并。实验证明:OSMC算法能够实现比SMC算法更多的三角片削减,尤其对于具有较多平坦区域的数据集效果显著,其对公开数据集数据的平均削减率为55.1%,而SMC算法为29.7%,在面对高分辨率的地质数据时其最高削减率达到了80%,平均也超过了50%,同时OSMC算法能够更好地适应数据集分辨率的增长。      

X射线脉冲星自主导航的光子到达时间转换

根据广义相对论的后牛顿近似时空理论, 在忽略太阳系天体自转和扁率的情况下, 详细推导出X射线脉冲星自主导航中, 光子到达观测航天器和太阳系质心的时间差值, 它是对现行公式的修正．导出了质心坐标时与航天器固有时的变换关系, 根据这一关系, 建议在脉冲星导航的工程设计中可以仿照GPS, 将航天器携带时钟作频率调整, 从而有利于工程计算.      

舰船含腐蚀缺陷通海管路失效压力数值分析

为研究舰船通海管路腐蚀后失效压力预测问题,在DNV RP-F101准则的基础上设置模型系数,建立了管路预测模型,并通过数值分析修正模型系数.使用Abaqus软件分析管道爆破失效力学行为,研究缺陷形貌和腐蚀深度、腐蚀轴向长度对失效压力的影响.对比预测模型与数值分析可知,模型系数为YFEA=1.034时,预测模型可以较好地...     

大型空间机械臂关节动力学建模与分析研究

关节是空间机械臂的核心部件,是保证空间机械臂安全、平稳运行的关键。为全面反映大型空间机械臂关节的动力学特性并从细节之处优化关节设计,利用集中参数法建立了综合考虑轮齿柔性、啮合阻尼、齿侧间隙、啮合误差等非线性因素的细化关节动力学模型。模型中采用一种基于tanh的连续函数对传统分段线性间隙函数进行近似,从而降低了模型的求解难度。研究了各级齿轮精度、关节转速和负载对关节动力学特性的影响。仿真结果表明,三级齿轮的精度变化会影响关节转速波动的振幅并分别影响高、中、低频特性;转速的增加将提高振动频率和幅值;力矩负载的增大会使关节转速波动幅值显著增大,且在满载时,所有的高阶频率都得到明显激励;惯性负载的增大会减小转速波动,并将能量集中在中频上。