局部喘振的发生机理

为了深入研究高负荷压气机的失稳机制,明确失稳先兆局部喘振现象的发生机理,总结了某跨声压气机在均匀进气不同工作转速下失稳过程的实验结果,继而对其在进气畸变条件的失稳过程开展实验和数值研究.结果发现:在均匀进气条件下,局部喘振在低转速时并未发生,而发生于高转速情况下,推断局部喘振的发生与压气机叶根区域的相对高负荷有关.随后在高转速下降低叶根负荷,则局部喘振现象不再发生;而在低转速下升高叶根负荷,则局部喘振现象发生.所以得出结论,压气机叶根相对高负荷确实为局部喘振的发生条件.对于所研究的压气机,如果近失速点叶根扩散因子超过0.6,则会发生局部喘振现象.      

Effect of system response on partial surge initiated instability in a transonic axial flow compressor

Partial surge is a type of instability inception in transonic compressors and occurs in the form of axisymmetric low-frequency disturbances localized in the hub region. Previous studies illustrate that the frequency of partial surge is set by the Helmholtz frequency of the entire system,which motivates to propose a hypothesis that the system response performs an important role in the formation of partial surge. For further verification, a series of experiments are conducted to explore the link b...     

轴流压气机插板式进气畸变数值仿真

以航空发动机稳定性评价体系中常用的插板实验为背景,分别进行低速、高亚声速、跨声速轴流压气机与插板畸变发生器的耦合数值仿真,研究插板畸变条件下压气机的流场特性以及不同类型压气机在插板畸变影响下的失速起始机制。研究发现:转子进口截面的周向流动是影响低速压气机稳定边界的主要因素；插板角涡对转子叶顶泄漏涡的扰动是影响高亚声速压气机稳定边界的重要原因；畸变气流影响下的叶片通道内激波强度和位置的变化是影响跨声速压气机稳定边界的关键因素。      

某单级跨声速轴流压气机失稳过程试验

为了深入认识高负荷单级跨声速轴流压气机的失稳过程,揭示其不稳定流动现象的发生、发展及其诱导压气机失稳的物理本质,针对某单级跨声速轴流压气机开展试验研究,对整个失稳过程进行了稳态和动态试验测量.通过对原始信号进行低通滤波和FFT(fast Fourier transform)分析,结果表明:在失稳过程中,静子叶根区域首先出现大幅值、轴对称的轴向低频扰动,此时,该压气机50%叶高以下的加功能力有所下降,但整机并未完全失稳.由于该扰动具有频率低、轴对称、幅值大等典型特征,因此,将这一现象定义为局部喘振.随着流量进一步降低,该扰动会沿轴向和径向传播,最终发展到全叶高,此后,该扰动在转子叶尖区域诱发出旋转失速团,最终导致压气机完全失稳.      

低速轴流压气机进口总压畸变与旋转失速关联的实验研究

在低速三级轴流压气机实验台上自行设计了进口总压畸变发生装置, 构造了稳态和动态测量方案, 并对实验数据进行了详尽分析.着重研究了进口总压畸变对压气机特性及失速过程的影响.结果表明, 压气机失速点不仅与畸变强度有关, 而且与畸变方位也相互关联;适当进口总压畸变会诱发压气机在失速前产生大尺度扰动, 但没有对失速频率构成影响.      

A high-order model of rotating stall in axial compressors with inlet distortion

In this paper,a high-order distortion model is proposed for analyzing the rotating stall inception process induced by inlet distortion in axial compressors.A distortion-generating screen in the compressor inlet is considered.By assuming a quadratic function for the local flow total pressure-drop,the existing Mansoux model is extended to include the effects of static inlet distor tion,and a new high-order distortion model is derived.To illustrate the effectiveness of the distortion model,numerical simulations are performed on an eighteenth-order model.It is demonstrated that long length-scale disturbances emerge out of the distorted background flow,and further induce the onset of rotating stall in advance.In addition,the circumferential non-uniform distribution and time evolution of the axial flow are also shown to be consistent with the existing features.It is thus shown that the high-order distortion model is capable of describing the transient behavior of stall inception and will contribute further to stall detection under inlet distortion.     

整体涡旋流对跨声速压气机Stage 67影响的定常数值仿真研究

为研究不同旋流强度的整体涡旋流畸变对跨声速压气机的影响,本文采用定常数值仿真的方法,基于一种整体涡旋流畸变发生器与Stage67跨声速压气机展开联合仿真研究。通过改变旋流畸变发生器叶片角度,可以模拟不同强度的整体涡旋流畸变流场,在不同旋流进气工况下得到了压气机的压比、效率特性曲线,并针对流场细节进行分析,研究其失速机理。结果表明：同向整体涡有效降低近失速点叶顶通道堵塞程度,使叶片流动损失减小,压气机稳定裕度扩大;反向整体涡加剧叶背气流流动分离程度,引起吸力面尾部低速区面积扩大,导致叶顶堵塞程度的显著加剧,通道流动损失增加明显,造成压气机稳定裕度下降。     

涡喷发动机对湍流型动态畸变响应的试验研究

 本文介绍涡喷发动机对湍流型动态畸变的响应。湍流型动态畸变是用发动机进口截面的叶根或叶尖挡板造成的,挡板的周向范围为180°,这个范围内的堵塞比为50％。这两种动态畸变发生器分别在发动机进口截面的叶根或叶尖部分产生相当强烈的湍流型动态畸变,在发动机转速（n）=1.0时,都会引起涡喷发动机出现“漂移型”喘振。本试验还对小一导（涡轮第一级导面器出口截面减小12％）的涡喷发动机进行研究,试验结果表明,（n）=0.9,同样挡板所造成的湍流型动态畸变也引起发动机“漂移型”喘振。（n）=0.87时,在“净”进气条件下,发动机出现的不稳定为深喘振,而在网格造成的进气畸变下,发动机出现的为古典喘振。这些结果表明,除了转速之外,发动机的不稳定性态还与进气条件有关。     

进气畸变对低速轴流压气机失速特性的影响

利用插板扰流器模拟压气机进口畸变流场,并深入分析了此畸变流场对某单级低速轴流压气机的旋转失速特性的影响.通过对压气机性能瞬时响应、失速扰动信号的发展和失速扰动信号的频谱特性的分析,探讨了进气总压畸变对压气机失速形式、失速强度、失速频率的影响.在畸变区形成的失速扰动将经历形成、发展、衰减甚至消失这一发展过程,只有当阻尼不足以阻止失速扰动的发展和周向传播时,压气机才会进入旋转失速状态,从而影响了压气机失速特性.      

进气畸变下低速轴流压气机失速起始特性试验

为探索进气畸变对压气机失速起始特性的影响,本文以一台双级低速轴流压气机为研究对象,对均匀进气和多种进气畸变形式下的失速起始特性进行了详细研究。进气畸变包括1×90°稳态单波、2×90°稳态双波和1×90°周向旋转单波3种形式,压气机转速为600 r/min和800 r/min。试验结果表明,在均匀进气和固定进气畸变条件下该压气机均表现为模态波式失速起始特征,而在旋转畸变时观察不到失速前扰动信号。均匀进气时,失速前20～30个转子旋转周期即可观察到模态波的存在,其传播速度等于42%转子转速,并诱导产生旋转失速团,而且在失速发展过程中,失速团旋转速度保持不变。稳态进气畸变时,也是由模态波诱导产生旋转失速,但在失速团发展过程中,失速团的旋转速度会发生变化。旋转进气畸变时,失速前检测不到42%转子转速的模态波扰动,也没有发现尖脉冲扰动。     

Experimental investigation of characteristics of instability evolution in a centrifugal compressor

The stable range of operation for the centrifugal compressor significantly influences the dynamic, economic, and environment-friendly characteristics of power systems. A deep understanding of the characteristics of instability evolution is necessary to improve the compressor stability. A centrifugal compressor equipped with a vaneless diffuser is experimentally investigated using highresponse static-pressure measurements. The results obtained indicate that three typical rotationalspeed ranges ex...     

Influence of SPS casing treatment on axial flow compressor subjected to radial pressure distortion

The present work is about the stall margin enhancement ability of a kind of stall precursor-suppressed (SPS) casing treatment when fan/compressor suffers from a radial total pres-sure inlet distortion. Experimental researches are conducted on a low-speed compressor with and without SPS casing treatment under radial distorted inlet flow of different levels as well as uniform inlet flow. The distorted flow fields of different levels are generated by annular distortion flow gen-erators of different heights. The characteristic curves under these conditions are measured and ana-lyzed. The results show that the radial inlet distortion could cause a stall margin loss from 2% to 30% under different distorted levels. The SPS casing treatment could remedy this stall margin loss under small distortion level and only partly make up the stall margin loss caused by distortion in large level without leading to perceptible additional efficiency loss and obvious change of charac-teristic curves. The pre-stall behavior of the compressor is investigated to reveal the mechanism of this stall margin improvement ability of the SPS casing treatment. The results do show that this casing treatment delays the occurrence of rotating stall by weakening the pressure perturbations and suppressing the nonlinear amplification of the stall precursor waves in the compression system.     

Experiments of effects of inlet-air distortion on aerodynamic performance in transonic compressor

The inlet-air distortion which was caused by high angle-of-attack flight was simulated by plugboard.Experiments were conducted on a transonic axial-flow compressor's rotor at 98% rotating speed.The flow-field characteristics and mechanism of performance degradation were analyzed in detail.The compressor inlet was divided into four sectors at circumference under inlet-air distortion.They were undistorted sector,transition sector A where the rotor was rotating into the distortion sector,distorted sector and transition sector B where the rotor was rotating out of the distortion sector.The experimental results show that compared with undistorted sector,there is a subsonic flow in transition sector A,so the pressure ratio is decreased by a large margin in this sector.However, the shock wave is enhanced in distortion sector and transition sector B, and thus the pressure ratio increases in these sectors.Because of the different works at circumference,the phase angle of total pressure changes 90° when the inlet total pressure distortion passes through compressor rotor.In addition,the frequency and amplitude of disturbances in front of the rotor strengthenes under inlet distortion,so the unstable flow would take place in advance.In addition, the position of stall inception is in one of the transition sectors.      

径向进气总压畸变对压气机气动稳定性的影响

为揭示径向进气总压畸变对压气机气动稳定性影响的物理机制,分别开展了尖部和根部进气总压畸变对压气机稳定边界以及动态失速过程影响的试验研究。结果表明,均匀进气时,压气机在叶尖区域首先形成失速团;径向总压畸变会引起气流参数的径向分布发生变化,其中尖部进气总压畸变会增加叶尖区域的攻角,导致压气机失速提前,而根部进气总压畸变则会改善叶尖区域的流场,降低攻角,使压气机失速延迟;气流参数径向分布变化也会影响动态失速过程中模态波扰动和失速团的三维扩散过程。     

进口导叶角对叶根失稳压气机流动失稳的影响

以一台航空高速压气机为研究对象，通过加装进口导叶调整压气机进气预旋角，采集失稳过程中的动态压力信号，观察不同导叶角度、流动失稳演化过程。结果表明：在负导叶角情况下，压气机由转子叶尖突尖波引起失稳；在零导叶角及较小的正导叶角情况下，由静子叶根区域的局部喘振诱发失稳；在较大的正导叶角情况下，静子叶根在节流过程中首先出现局部失稳，进一步节流导致叶尖旋转失速团出现，压气机完全失稳。分析认为，导叶角的增加通过降低反力度，调整了转静间的负荷分配，从而引起了失速初始扰动发生上述“转子突尖波-静子局部喘振-静子局部失稳”的转变。     

Topological Studies of Three-dimensional Flows in a High Pressure Compressor Stator Blade Row without and with Boundary Layer Aspiration

This paper presents a numerical study of the flow topologies of three-dimensional (3D) flows in a high pressure compressor stator blade row without and with boundary layer aspiration on the hub wall. The stator blade is representative of the first stage operating under transonic inlet conditions and the blade design encourages development of highly complex 3D flows. The blade has a small tip clearance. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies show progressive increase of hub corner stall with the increase in incidence. Aspiration is implemented on the hub wall via a slot in the corner between the hub wall and the suction surface. The CFD studies show aspiration to be sensitive to the suction flow rate; lower rate leads to very complex flow structures and increased level of losses whereas higher rate renders aspiration effective for control of hub corner separation. The flow topologies are studied by trace of skin friction lines on the walls. The nature of flow can be explained by the topological rules of closed separation. Furthermore, a deeper analysis is done for a particular case with advanced criterion to test the non-degeneracy of critical points in the flow field.     

周向槽机匣对轴流压气机转子畸变响应特性的影响

基于给定的进气周向总压畸变谱,应用全三维数值计算方法,研究了周向槽处理机匣对NWPU-1轴流压气机转子容畸变特性的影响,初步揭示了其在进气周向总压畸变条件下的失速机理。结果表明,在均匀进气条件下,周向槽处理机匣对叶尖间隙泄漏涡形成和发展的抑制是其扩稳的主要原因;在进气周向总压畸变条件下,该轴流压气机转子失速的主要原因是畸变引起的攻角变化,造成部分叶片的负荷过重,由于周向槽处理机匣的作用主要在叶尖部分,所以并不能有效的扩大该压气机转子的稳定工作范围。     

进气畸变下压气机过失速三维非定常模型探索

针对原压气机稳定性三维分析模型CSAC(compressor stability analysis code)加以改进,添加了轴对称左支特性。采用改进的CSAC+模型分析了NASA Rotor37在周向总压进气畸变下的稳态性能和失速起始特性,并与软件NUMECA模拟结果进行了对比,两者模拟的特性趋势一致,畸变进气下CSAC+近失速点压比与NUMECA的误差为1.05%。针对近失速点流场分析发现:随着流量的减小,在畸变区边缘的转子叶尖首先出现低速甚至逆流区,可认为该区域为失速起始位置。利用CSAC+模拟了该压气机过失速状态下的主要流动特征,分析得出进气畸变下该失速先兆为模态波,完全发展后为部分叶高失速,失速团占据约40%叶高,其传播频率约为转子转动频率的60%,并在传播过程中显示出周期性的剥离和融合过程。      

轴流压缩系统中主动抑制旋转失速的数值模拟

提出一个可用于分析轴流压缩系统通过附加扰动主动抑制旋转失速的理论模型,利用该模型讨论了系统参数对抑制效果的影响及旋转失速和喘振之间的关系.结果表明该方法的抑制效果随着B参数及压气机级数、级负载的增加而降低;同一压缩系统发生一维喘振的工作点轴向速度系数由B参数及压气机轴对称特性共同决定,与特性线斜率无关;并且只有当喘振由旋转失速引起时,才可以通过抑制旋转失速来防止喘振的发生.      

亚声速轴流压气机叶顶喷气设计规律的试验研究

为了探索叶顶喷气在亚声速轴流压气机中的设计规律,试验研究了喷气量、喷嘴喉部高度、周向覆盖比例、喷气位置、喷嘴数目、喷嘴分布形式对压气机失速裕度的影响规律,分析了叶顶喷气的扩稳机理以及对压气机失速特性的影响,总结了叶顶喷气在亚声速和跨声速压气机中作用规律的异同。研究结果表明,叶顶喷气没有改变压气机的失速特性,其扩稳机理主要在于对叶顶堵塞的有效抑制,通道堵塞对叶顶喷气的非定常响应是离散叶顶喷气有效扩稳的重要原因。当喷嘴处于堵塞状态时扩稳效果达到最大,利用0.66%的喷气量可将压气机的失速裕度提升15%。对于压气机失速裕度的影响,喷气量、喷嘴喉部高度、喷气周向覆盖比例间存在交互作用,喷气位置、喷嘴周向分布形式和进气畸变对喷气扩稳效果的影响均不大。当压气机的失速均是由叶顶泄漏涡诱发的突尖失速时,叶顶喷气在亚声速压气机中的设计方法可用于指导跨声速压气机叶顶喷气的设计。