Ariane transfer vehicle in service of man in orbit

The Ariane transfer vehicle (ATV), an Ariane 5 borne, unmanned propulsion vehicle, is designed to transport the logistics needed to resupply the International Space Station (ISS) and the man tended free flyer (MTFF) step 2 with pressurized and unpressurized cargo and to dispose the waste. The ATV is an expendable vehicle and is disposed of by a safe atmospheric burn up. In accordance with the AR5 schedule it should be operational in 1996 for missions toward ISS and beyond the year 2000 for MTFF 2 missions. The main constituents of the proposed ATV are the modified AR5 third stage L5, an upgraded VEB steering the launcher as well as the ATV and the P/L-adaptor providing mechanical and umbilical links to the payload. The mechanical part of the RVD-kit will be placed on the payload-module, the main RVD sensors are located on the adaptor and the needed computer intelligence will be integrated on the VEB. To minimize the development, and recurring costs, the ATV concept fully complies to the idea of maximum use of existing hardware and software, mainly from the AR5, Hermes and Columbus programs thus minimizing development and recurring costs. The ATV is compatible to ISS, MTFF and OMV and is able to transport logistic modules compatible with NSTS and U.S.-expendable launchers.     

液体火箭发动机地面试车过程的实时故障检测方法研究

为解决液体火箭发动机地面试车过程中故障检测的及时性、实时性、可靠性和稳健性等关键问题,研究建立了稳态和启动工作过程实时故障检测与报警的自适应相关算法和包络线算法,并进行了大量试车数据的验证和地面试车的实时考核。结果表明,算法能对发动机启动和稳态工作过程中的故障及时准确地检测,并在地面试车的实时和强干扰环境下具有良好的可靠性和稳健性。研究结果对研制工程实用的我国运载火箭健康监控系统具有重要的理论和应用价值。     

运载火箭飞行测量数据误差分析的小波方法

以提高火箭飞行跟踪测量数据处理精度为目的。结合弹道处理的实际，将小波理论运用于火箭弹道测最数据的分析。本文首先针对火箭飞行弹道测量数据的特征，应用小波理论建立了弹道测量数据事后误差分析处理方法的杠架模型，创建了雷达测量数据诸元的多项式和B样条时序分析模型，提出并验证了雷达测量数据的随机分布模型；其次，对受到噪声干扰时间段数据模型出现严重病态的情况，建立了基于多项式拟合和B样条函数选取有限时间段拟合的火箭弹道建模和预测的二次建模方法；最后，利用所提出的分析处理方法对某次任务两个测量站雷达弹道测量数据的分析，处理效果显著，精度理想。实验验证了上述方法是一种理想的弹道测量数据事后误差分析处理方法。     

一种新的共轭增强MUSIC测向算法

提出一种新的测向算法。利用阵列输出的非零时延互相关函数及其共轭形成伪阵列输出,从而得到伪协方差矩阵,对其进行特征分解,利用信号子空间与噪声子空间的正交性,搜索得到的空间谱函数的极大值点对应的角度就是波达方向。仿真实验表明,新算法可对多于阵元数的信号进行测向,其测角精度和分辨力优于MUISC和MUSIC-like算法。     

大型复合材料结构优化设计方法研究

建立了适合于大型复合材料结构的优化设计方法，该方法在复合材料结构有限元分析的基础上对复合材料结构进行优化设计。在建立有限元模型时应用了区域划分技术，然后对结构分两级进行优化：第一级是对结构的铺层角度进行优化。第二级对结构的铺层厚度进行优化。最后，以工字梁结构为例，进行了算法验证。     

火箭飞行鉴定模拟器基准误差传递分析

根据单脉冲雷达及其它火箭飞行地面测控设备精度鉴定的需要，推导出单台和两台激光电影经纬仪基准在火箭飞行鉴定模拟器航路上的设备固有误差传递变化关系式，从而决定：1、基准是否可用？2、在两台经纬仪都有数据的情况下，何时用交汇基准，何时用单台基准才能使鉴定更准确？3、怎样才能鉴定速度？本文推导出了公式，给出院 便捷的计算方法和误差传递上机计算曲线，并进行了分析。模型已成功地应用于单脉冲雷达的精度鉴定，作为误差分析的一类典型应用。     

轨道机动过程中推力加速度的实时最小方差估计

飞行器轨道机动过程中，为跟踪、定位机动目标和干预机动控制过程，需要统计处理离散的雷达观测量实时估计推进发动机的推力，进而确定飞行器的瞬时轨道参数。本文所述算法是该工程问题的探讨和解决方案。文章建立了轨道机动过程中连续变质量运动模型和离散雷达量测模型，推进发动机的质量秒耗量作为表征推力加速度的一个近似常量，应用扩展卡尔曼滤波对离散的雷达测量数据进行顺序统计处理给出秒耗量的最小方差估计；文章详细地推导了线性化量模型的变分方程和观测矩阵；仿真结果表明该算法能快速、准确地估计推进发动机的质量秒耗量和向机动目标施加的实际推力。     

航天飞行器防热部件烧蚀行为的数值模拟

对航天飞行器防热部件在氧－煤油发动机火焰喷吹下的烧蚀行为进行了有限元数值模拟。利用“杀死”单元的方法建立防热部件瞬态温度场的有限元模型，实现了烧蚀边界的退缩，从而完成了对烧蚀尺寸变化的定量描述。烧蚀开始于4．59s，到12s时线烧蚀量为1．47mm。计算结果与试验的实测结果一致。     

LISA — a study of the ESA cornerstone mission for observing gravitational waves

The primary objective of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission is to detect and observe gravitational waves from massive black holes and galactic binaries in the frequency range 10⁻⁴ to 10⁻¹ Hz. This low-frequency range is inaccessible to ground-based interferometers because of the unshieldable background of local gravitational noise and because ground-based interferometers are limited in length to a few km. LISA is an ESA cornerstone mission and recently had a system study (Ref. 1) carried out by a consortium led by Astrium, which confirmed the basic configuration for the payload with only minor changes, and provided detailed concepts for the spacecraft and mission design. The study confirmed the need for a drag-free technology demonstration mission to develop the inertial sensors for LISA, before embarking on the build of the flight sensors. With a technology demonstration flight in 2005, it would be possible to carry out LISA as a joint ESA-NASA mission with a launch by 2010 subject to the funding programmatics. The baseline for LISA is three disc-like spacecraft each of which consist of a science module which carries the laser interferometer payload (two in each science module) and a propulsion module containing an ion drive and the hydrazine thrusters of the AOCS. The propulsion module is used for the transfer from earth escape trajectory provided by the Delta II launch to the operational orbit. Once there the propulsion module is jettisoned to reduce disturbances on the payload. Detailed analysis of thermal and gravitational disturbances, a model of the drag-free control and of the interferometer operation confirm that the strain sensitivity of the interferometer will be achieved.     

按降低轨迹灵敏度综合最优设计飞行控制系统

本文提出了一个按降低轨迹灵敏度综合最优设计飞行控制系统的方法。它能使系统具有满意的动态品质,同时对系统参数的变化及非线性产生的影响具有较强的鲁棒性。该设计方法具有通用性和程序化,系统实现简单。