CCAR-25与CCAR-33适航审定关系分析

开展大型客机动力装置与发动机型号合格审定之间关系的研究对我国适航管理工作的发展具有重要的意义。首先,利用中国民用航空规章的相关数据,建立数据综合管理系统;然后,总结CCAR-25《运输类飞机适航标准》与CCAR-33《航空发动机适航规定》具有重合内容的关联项,分析二者之间的相互关系;最后,研究上述两部规章关于防火系统和滑油系统对某些对象的规定。结果表明:CCAR-25与CCAR-33条款的关系可分为引用、选择、补充、相似和差异五种;最难界定的是相似,它要求对条款的充分理解,否则会有重复审定和漏审的风险;CCAR-25与CCAR-33对防火系统和滑油系统的规定出现了多条款交联对应的情况,通过数据综合管理系统可将其分解为单条款对应并进行适航认证。     

离心机精度对加速度计二次项标定精度的影响

离心机是标定高精度加速度计二次项系数(k2)的主要设备之一,其精度水平对k2标定精度具有重要影响。为揭示这种影响规律,指导测试设计,在常用的加速度计多项式模型基础上,建立了k2标定精度与离心机精度之间的数学模型,并利用MATLAB仿真。仿真结果表明,k2标定精度受离心机精度及其输出加速度幅度共同影响。在给定离心机精度的情况下,需要根据k2精度目标来设计离心机输出加速度范围,以免影响测试结果。     

Reliability-based trajectory optimization using nonintrusive polynomial chaos for Mars entry mission

This paper presents the reliability-based sequential optimization (RBSO) method to settle the trajectory optimization problem with parametric uncertainties in entry dynamics for Mars entry mission. First, the deterministic entry trajectory optimization model is reviewed, and then the reliability-based optimization model is formulated. In addition, the modified sequential optimization method, in which the nonintrusive polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) method and the most probable point (MPP) searching method are employed, is proposed to solve the reliability-based optimization problem efficiently. The nonintrusive PCE method contributes to the transformation between the stochastic optimization (SO) and the deterministic optimization (DO) and to the approximation of trajectory solution efficiently. The MPP method, which is used for assessing the reliability of constraints satisfaction only up to the necessary level, is employed to further improve the computational efficiency. The cycle including SO, reliability assessment and constraints update is repeated in the RBSO until the reliability requirements of constraints satisfaction are satisfied. Finally, the RBSO is compared with the traditional DO and the traditional sequential optimization based on Monte Carlo (MC) simulation in a specific Mars entry mission to demonstrate the effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed method.     

小型BVA 石英谐振器的研制

传统的BVA石英谐振器在老化率和Q值方面具有优良的性能,但其体积大,抗振可靠性较差,限制了其推广和应用。本文介绍了一种新结构的BVA石英谐振器,通过优化电容片和石英晶片的结构设计,研制出更小尺寸的异型石英晶片和电容片,整个小型BVA谐振器的尺寸减小到HC-40/U,性能指标与传统BVA石英谐振器相当,同时具有较高的抗振可靠性。     

Modeling and experimental validation of sawing based lander anchoring and sampling methods for asteroid exploration

This paper presents a novel lander anchoring system based on sawing method for asteroid exploration. The system is composed of three robotic arms, three cutting discs, and a control system. The discs mounted at the end of the arms are able to penetrate into the rock surface of asteroids. After the discs cut into the rock surface, the self-locking function of the arms provides forces to fix the lander on the surface. Modeling, trajectory planning, simulations, mechanism design, and prototype fabrication of the anchoring system are discussed, respectively. The performances of the system are tested on different kinds of rocks, at different sawing angles, locations, and speeds. Results show that the system can cut 15?mm deep into granite rock in 180?s at sawing angle of 60°, with the average power of 58.41?W, and the “weight on bit” (WOB) of 8.637?N. The 7.8?kg anchoring system is capable of providing omni-directional anchoring forces, at least 225?N normal and 157?N tangent to the surface of the rock. The system has the advantages of low-weight, low energy consumption and balance forces, high anchoring efficiency and reliability, and could enable the lander to move and sample or assist astronauts and robots in walking and sampling on asteroids.     

多模函数优化的改进花朵授粉算法

为了探讨花朵授粉算法（FPA）在解算多模函数优化问题中存在的不足,通过定义种群多样性及差异性指标,定性分析了FPA在多模复杂函数优化中的寻优缺点。基于模拟退火思想优化全局授粉过程,并利用Nelder-Mead单纯形搜索技术对花朵局部授粉进行重构,提出一种新的花朵授粉寻优架构。仿真结果表明,相对于基本的FPA、布谷鸟算法、萤火虫算法,改进花朵授粉算法能够有效避免陷入局部最优,具备优异的全局勘探和局部开采能力,对多模优化问题具有一定优势。      

深空测控网干涉测量系统在“鹊桥”任务中的应用分析

在"嫦娥4号"任务的第一阶段—"鹊桥"阶段,北京航天飞行控制中心利用佳木斯及喀什深空站对"鹊桥"进行了干涉测量观测,获取了实时与事后的高精度测角观测量,有效支持了任务的实施。两深空站需同时完成测控任务,无法交替射电源观测来进行系统差标校,基于此系统采用了长时间隔、在航天器观测前及双站结束后观测射电源的标校方法,在地月转移段、月球至L2转移段、Halo轨道形成段开展了多次干涉测量观测,所获得的时延、时延率结果直接应用于事后联合轨道确定,结果表明:深空网的时延观测精度约为3 ns。     

异步电机无速度传感器带速重投策略

在异步电机转速自适应全阶观测器无速度传感器控制方法的基础上,提出了一种基于波波夫稳定性理论的带速重投策略。该策略能够反映出转速估计值与实际值之间的误差关系,并通过自中心向两侧检索的方法使得转速估计值快速地向实际值收敛。采用了一种预励磁方案来达到减小带速重投过程中电流冲击的目的。仿真结果证明了所提策略的准确性和有效性。     

KrF激光照射约束层靶驱动产生高速飞片研究

微小空间碎片的超高速撞击对航天器性能有重要影响。为了研究撞击损伤机制,在"天光一号"装置上开展了Kr F准分子激光照射约束层靶产生高速飞片的实验研究,利用成像速度干涉仪(Imaging-VISAR)对飞片自由面速度进行诊断。采用1.9 J准分子激光将10μm的Al飞片加速至12 km/s,且整个过程为准等熵加载。研究结果表明准等熵加载下激光能量转化为飞片动能的效率(达39.4%)比冲击加载要高得多,飞片速度也高于后者。