国外卫星的两种检漏方法分析

：介绍了国外卫星“真空检漏法”和“累积检漏法”的检漏原理和主要操作步骤。对这两种方法的检漏特点进行了分析与评估，认为国产卫星选择真空检漏法较妥。     

Deterministic pion and muon transport in Earth’s atmosphere

An accurate understanding of the physical interactions and transport of space radiation is important for safe and efficient space operations. Secondary particles produced by primary particle interactions with intervening materials are an important contribution to radiation risk. Pions are copiously produced in the nuclear interactions typical of space radiations and can therefore be an important contribution to radiation exposure. Charged pions decay almost exclusively to muons. As a consequence, muons must also be considered in space radiation exposure studies. In this work, the NASA space radiation transport code HZETRN has been extended to include the transport of charged pions and muons. The relevant transport equation, solution method, and implemented cross sections are reviewed. Muon production in the Earth’s upper atmosphere is then investigated, and comparisons with recent balloon flight measurements of differential muon flux are presented. Muon production from the updated version of HZETRN is found to match the experimental data well.     

Soybean cultivar selection for Bioregenerative Life Support Systems (BLSS) – Theoretical selection

The development of plant-based Bioregenerative Life Support Systems (BLSS) is a requirement for the realization of long-duration exploratory-class manned missions in so far as they help fulfilling astronauts’ needs including nutritional demands, air regeneration and psychological support.     

Optimum parameter for estimating phase fluctuations on transionospheric signals at high latitudes

Transionospheric radio signals may experience fluctuations in their amplitude and phase due to irregularity in the spatial electron density distribution, referred to as scintillation. Ionospheric scintillation is responsible for transionospheric signal degradation that can affect the performance of satellite based navigation systems. Usually, the scintillation activity is measured by means of indices such as the normalised standard deviation of the received intensity S₄ and the standard deviation of the received phase σ_? typically calculated over 1 min of data. Data from a GPS scintillation monitor based on 50 Hz measurements recorded at Dirigibile Italia Station (Ny-Alesund, Svalbard), in the frame of the ISACCO project ( De Franceschi et al., 2006) are used to investigate possible adoption of an alternative parameter for the estimate of phase fluctuations: i.e., the standard deviation of the phase rate of change S_?. This parameter is shown to better correlate with S₄ being much less detrending dependent than σ_?. The couple (S₄, S_?) should be then considered a more physical proxy of radio scintillation than the couple (S₄, σ_?).     

Space radiation effects on plant and mammalian cells

The study of the effects of ionizing radiation on organisms is related to different research aims. The current review emphasizes the studies on the effects of different doses of sparsely and densely ionizing radiation on living organisms, with the final purpose of highlighting specific and common effects of space radiation in mammals and plants. This topic is extremely relevant in the context of radiation protection from space environment. The response of different organisms to ionizing radiation depends on the radiation quality/dose and/or the intrinsic characteristics of the living system. Macromolecules, in particular DNA, are the critical targets of radiation, even if there is a strong difference between damages encountered by plant and mammalian cells. The differences in structure and metabolism between the two cell types are responsible for the higher resistance of the plant cell compared with its animal counterpart.     

The Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget Edition 1 data processing algorithms

The Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget (GERB) instrument is the first to measure the earth radiation budget from a geostationary orbit. This allows a full sampling of the diurnal cycle of radiation and clouds – which is important for climate studies, as well as detailed process studies, e.g. the lifecycle of clouds or particular aerosol events such as desert storms. GERB data is now for the first time released as Edition 1 data for public scientific use. In this paper we summarise the algorithms used for the Edition 1 GERB data processing and the main validation results. Based on the comparison with the independent CERES instrument, the Edition 1 GERB accuracy is 5% for the reflected solar radiances and 2% for the emitted thermal radiances.     

飞行器切换多胞系统抗干扰控制

针对存在参数不确定和外部扰动的飞行器切换多胞系统跟踪控制问题,提出了一种基于改进微分器的抗干扰控制方法。该方法将参数不确定和外部扰动带来的影响均视为干扰,提出一种改进微分器实现对干扰的精确光滑估计并设计控制器进行补偿,抑制干扰对系统的影响。与H∞等传统鲁棒方法相比,本文所提方法避免了对不确定满足凸包形式的假设,且在名义情况和不确定情况下均具有良好的性能。结合微分不等式理论和平均驻留时间方法证明了闭环系统的稳定性。为了验证本文所提方法的良好性能,将其应用到一类高超声速飞行器的轨迹跟踪控制问题中,仿真结果表明该方法能够有效抑制干扰,实现对参考信号的精确跟踪。     

基于速度增量修正的卫星入轨段外测数据定轨新方法

在传统的数值积分精密定轨方法基础上,提出基于器箭分离速度增量修正的定轨方法,实现了器箭分离前后两段外测数据的联合定轨。仿真计算结果和任务实战数据验证结果表明,该方法大大提高了地月转移轨道入轨段外测定轨精度,比传统初轨确定方法提高约一个数量级。