Ariane transfer vehicle in service of man in orbit

The Ariane transfer vehicle (ATV), an Ariane 5 borne, unmanned propulsion vehicle, is designed to transport the logistics needed to resupply the International Space Station (ISS) and the man tended free flyer (MTFF) step 2 with pressurized and unpressurized cargo and to dispose the waste. The ATV is an expendable vehicle and is disposed of by a safe atmospheric burn up. In accordance with the AR5 schedule it should be operational in 1996 for missions toward ISS and beyond the year 2000 for MTFF 2 missions. The main constituents of the proposed ATV are the modified AR5 third stage L5, an upgraded VEB steering the launcher as well as the ATV and the P/L-adaptor providing mechanical and umbilical links to the payload. The mechanical part of the RVD-kit will be placed on the payload-module, the main RVD sensors are located on the adaptor and the needed computer intelligence will be integrated on the VEB. To minimize the development, and recurring costs, the ATV concept fully complies to the idea of maximum use of existing hardware and software, mainly from the AR5, Hermes and Columbus programs thus minimizing development and recurring costs. The ATV is compatible to ISS, MTFF and OMV and is able to transport logistic modules compatible with NSTS and U.S.-expendable launchers.     

某防空导弹制导控制半实物仿真系统设计

介绍了某防空导弹制导控制半实物仿真系统的设计,给出了仿真系统的组成。其中,导引头和天线罩安装于导引头仿真转台上,惯测装置置于位置速率转台上,并采用真实视线法进行半实物仿真。仿真和导弹飞行试验结果表明,该半实物仿真系统有效地模拟了飞行试验导弹的飞行过程,仿真试验具有较高的重复性和置信度。     

对某距离自动跟踪系统测距误差的分析

根据某距离自动跟踪系统设计的实际情况，分析了系统中模拟数字（ＡＤ）转换电路、动目标显示（ＭＴＩ）与求模运算、波形分析和α－β滤波器所引入的测距误差，得出ＡＤ采样率和波形分析的内插点数决定了系统引入测距误差大小的结论。对实际工作参数的计算及校飞试验的结果证明，此距离自动跟踪系统引入的测距误差较小，满足雷达系统的要求。     

基于Lagrange方法的航天员舱外活动计算机仿真

在比较各种地面微重力模拟设备的优缺点的基础上，阐述了计算机动态仿真航天员舱外活动(EVA，Extra Vehicular Activity)的必要性。简要的概述了应用计算多刚体系统动力学对EVA进行仿真的步骤。描述了拉格朗日方程在仿真过程中的应用，建立了用于仿真的动力学方程。选取典型的EVA，得出了描述该EVA系统运动的拉格朗日动力学方程。利用反向运动学和反向动力学对该EVA进行了仿真计算，并对结果进行了分析。     

结构局部刚度变化对小卫星动特性影响

首先针对模块式小卫星动特性进行灵敏度理论分析，分析目标是寻找提高结构动特性的局部位置和参数。然后基于有限元法分析改变局部刚度对结构动特性的影响。小卫星结构动特性分析计算的主要问题是建立计算成本可控的有限元模型，本文详细讨论了小卫星有限元模型建模方法和简化途径，并通过7个算例考察改变模块底板局部刚度、改变适配器支撑刚度、模块问设置弹簧模拟阻尼器等对小卫星结构动特性的影响。灵敏度分析和计算表明，影响动特性的主要因素是模块盒底板刚度和星箭适配器的支撑刚度；增加模块局部刚度以及适配器支撑刚度可以屏蔽星体摆动和包带联结部位的某些频率，同时可以减缓部分中间模块的振幅；在部分模块间设置弹簧可以模拟阻尼器或减振器的效果。另一方面，降低适配器刚度可以增加隔振作用。因而优化模块刚度分布和支撑刚度分布是改进动力学性能的有效途径。本文分析为模块式小卫星动力学修改以及多功能结构设计和主动振动设计提供依据。     

卫星CMAC神经网络姿态控制器设计及仿真

为提高传统卫星姿态控制系统精度,提出了一种基于小脑模型(CMAC)神经网络的比例-积分-微分(PID)的复合控制器。给出了具在线学习功能的复合控制器结构,并证明了神经网络学习收敛条件与最终控制目标的一致性。仿真结果表明,设计的控制器具有较好的自适应性和鲁棒性。与传统控制器相比,进入稳定状态的速度更快,指向精度更高。     

Xilinx SRAM型FPGA抗辐射设计技术研究

针对Xilinx SRAM型FPGA在空间应用中的可行性，分析了Xilinx SRAM型FPGA的结构，以及空间辐射效应对这种结构FPGA的影响，指出SRAM型的FPGA随着工艺水平的提高、器件规模的增大和核电压的降低，抗总剂量效应不断提高，抵抗单粒子效应，尤其是单粒子翻转和单粒子瞬态脉冲的能力降低。分析了FPGA综合后常见的Half-latch在辐射环境中的影响并结合实际工程实践给出了解决上述问题的一些有用办法和注意事项，如，冗余设计、同步设计、算术逻辑运算结果校验、白检等。最后还提出一种基于COTS器件的“由顶到底”的星载信号处理平台结构，分析了这种结构在抵抗辐射效应时的优势。有关FPGA抗辐射的可靠性设计方法已经在某卫星通信载道中成功应用，并通过了各种卫星环境试验，该技术可以为有关航天电子设备设计提供参考。     

航天飞行器防热部件烧蚀行为的数值模拟

对航天飞行器防热部件在氧－煤油发动机火焰喷吹下的烧蚀行为进行了有限元数值模拟。利用“杀死”单元的方法建立防热部件瞬态温度场的有限元模型，实现了烧蚀边界的退缩，从而完成了对烧蚀尺寸变化的定量描述。烧蚀开始于4．59s，到12s时线烧蚀量为1．47mm。计算结果与试验的实测结果一致。     

LISA — a study of the ESA cornerstone mission for observing gravitational waves

The primary objective of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission is to detect and observe gravitational waves from massive black holes and galactic binaries in the frequency range 10⁻⁴ to 10⁻¹ Hz. This low-frequency range is inaccessible to ground-based interferometers because of the unshieldable background of local gravitational noise and because ground-based interferometers are limited in length to a few km. LISA is an ESA cornerstone mission and recently had a system study (Ref. 1) carried out by a consortium led by Astrium, which confirmed the basic configuration for the payload with only minor changes, and provided detailed concepts for the spacecraft and mission design. The study confirmed the need for a drag-free technology demonstration mission to develop the inertial sensors for LISA, before embarking on the build of the flight sensors. With a technology demonstration flight in 2005, it would be possible to carry out LISA as a joint ESA-NASA mission with a launch by 2010 subject to the funding programmatics. The baseline for LISA is three disc-like spacecraft each of which consist of a science module which carries the laser interferometer payload (two in each science module) and a propulsion module containing an ion drive and the hydrazine thrusters of the AOCS. The propulsion module is used for the transfer from earth escape trajectory provided by the Delta II launch to the operational orbit. Once there the propulsion module is jettisoned to reduce disturbances on the payload. Detailed analysis of thermal and gravitational disturbances, a model of the drag-free control and of the interferometer operation confirm that the strain sensitivity of the interferometer will be achieved.     

按降低轨迹灵敏度综合最优设计飞行控制系统

本文提出了一个按降低轨迹灵敏度综合最优设计飞行控制系统的方法。它能使系统具有满意的动态品质,同时对系统参数的变化及非线性产生的影响具有较强的鲁棒性。该设计方法具有通用性和程序化,系统实现简单。