Studies of vegetation and soils from aerospace measurements

The problem of soil and vegetation recognition with the use of satellite-derived digitized images and sub-satellite spectral brightness measurements at test sites data is discussed. A technique for retrieval of soil humus content is suggested.     

动静干涉下高压涡轮外环非定常气膜冷却性能分析

为了探索航空发动机高压涡轮外环非定常气膜冷却性能的影响因素及其作用规律，对叶片高速旋转作用下某航空发动 机高压涡轮外环的非定常气膜冷却过程进行了3维数值模拟。应用滑移网格技术实现了涡轮叶片与涡轮外环壁面之间的相对运 动以及转子与静子之间干涉作用的模拟；分析了叶片的旋转作用、吹风比、气膜射流方向、气膜轴向射流角度等因素对高压涡轮外 环非定常气膜冷却性能的影响规律。结果表明：在高吹风比下应防止叶片前缘上游气膜孔冷却裕度不足现象的发生；逆向排布的 气膜孔更适合在高吹风比下使用；当气膜入射角由45°减小为30°时，外环面平均气膜冷却效率时均值增大18.54%，显著提高了涡 轮外环冷却的冷气利用效率。     

基于终端角度约束的二阶滑模制导律设计

针对空地导弹具有终端角度约束条件的制导律设计问题,提出了一种在有限时间内稳定的新型二阶滑模制导律。首先,在弹目相对运动学模型基础上,将终端弹道倾角约束转化为终端视线(LOS)角度约束,作为制导系统的终端控制目标。其次,通过选取一种新型二阶滑模面,结合螺旋控制算法的思想,设计了一种二阶滑模变结构制导律,来抑制系统中的不确定性因素,从而满足零化视线角速率和制导系统的终端角度约束条件的要求。采用一种新的Lyapunov函数,基于Lyapunov稳定性理论,严格证明了制导系统在有限时间内的稳定性。最后,对空地导弹制导系统进行数字仿真,通过和一阶传统滑模制导律以及基于超螺旋算法的二阶滑模制导律进行对比分析,验证了所设计的制导律在保证制导精度的同时,更能在有限时间内提高终端约束角度的精度,并且避免了超螺旋算法中参数选取较多的问题。     

Singularity analysis for single gimbal control moment gyroscope system using space expansion method

Control Moment Gyroscope (CMG) is an effective candidate for agile satellites and large spacecraft attitude control because of its powerful torque amplification capability. The most serious situation, however, in using CMG is the inherent geometric singularity problem, where there’s no torque output along a particular direction. Space expansion method has been proposed in this work for the singularity analysis. Based on inverse mapping transformation, an expanded Jacobian matrix which is a full rank square matrix is obtained. The singular angle sets of the 3-parallel cluster and pyramid cluster are distinguished using space expansion method. An effective hybrid steering strategy, able to deal with the elliptic singularity, is further proposed. Simulation results demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed steering logic compared to the generalized singular robust logic and pseudo inverse logic in terms of energy consumption and torque error.     

一种通用小型弹载图像遥测设备设计

弹载遥测设备是导弹研制阶段的重要参数测量设备，中小型导弹通常给遥测设备可使用空间比较狭小。目前，国内某小型导弹遥测设备指标提出了10 Mbps码率、能支持红外图像传输以及支持波道表在线可编程的要求，传统遥测产品的设计方案无法解决遥测设备体积小和功能全的突出矛盾。利用软件无线电的设计思想，采用AD9361和FPGA的硬件架构，使用了软件在线可编程技术、GMSK先进调制技术、基于FPGA的JPEG2000图像压缩技术和对称赋形天线技术，实现了一款集成度高、可靠性好、通用经济的先进弹载图像遥测设备。通过测试试验表明，弹载遥测设备简化了以往复杂的硬件设计，有效降低了弹载遥测设备的体积、重量和功耗，高集成度提高了产品可靠性，而且具备可重构能力，提高了弹载遥测设备的通用性和试验效率，有利于降低研发成本。     

The RadioAstron project: Measurements and analysis of basic parameters of space telescope in flight in 2011–2013

The results of a large number of the antenna radiometric measurements at bands of 92, 18, 6.2, 1.35, and 1.7-1.2 cm are presented by the data of the standard telemetry system of the Spektr-R spacecraft. Both special sessions of calibration object observations in the mode of a single space radio telescope (SRT) operation and numerous observations of researched sources in the mode of the ground-space interferometer were used. The obtained results agree with the first results of Kardashev et al. (2013), i.e., within 10–15% at bands of 92, 18, and 6.2 cm and 20–25% at the band of 1.35 cm. In the main, the measurements for the eight subbands at wavelengths of 1.7-1.2 cm indicate a monotonic increase in the spectral system equivalent flux density (SEFD) of noise radiation with a frequency consistent with the calculated estimates for the discussed model. The sensitivity of the ground-space interferometer for the five subbands at wavelengths from 1.35 to 1.7 cm can be higher by a factor of 1.5, and for the three subbands from 1.35 to 1.2 cm lower by a factor of 1.5 than at the band of 1.35 cm. The SRT contribution to the interferometer sensitivity proportional to the square root of SEFD is close to the design one at the bands of 92 and 18 cm and decreases the design sensitivity approximately by a factor of 1.5 and 2 at the bands of 6.2 and 1.35 cm, respectively. These differences of implemented values from the design ones were not significantly affected the scientific program implementation.     

SAMBO-GEOS: On three-dimensional substorm dynamics — A case study for 4 March 1979

For investigations of the isolated magnetospheric substorm the ground-based and satellite geophysical data are discussed. The active phase of the substorm has two parts: an active-convective phase and a classical active phase. The analysed data show that the breakup of the substorm takes place at closed and not very much stretched magnetic field lines.     

航空发动机反推力装置安装座断裂分析

在某发动机反推力装置整机试验过程中,1处作动筒安装座发生断裂。为确定故障原因,对断裂安装座进行宏观检查、断口分析、材质分析及有限元分析等。结果表明:安装座前侧安装边棱边与座身转接处首先发生高周疲劳断裂,该处断裂后造成构件结构失稳,在试验载荷的进一步作用下导致另外2个安装边发生瞬时断裂;疲劳源区存在的缩孔缺陷导致该处产生应力集中,对安装座过早疲劳开裂有促进作用;合金成分中Cu元素含量超标导致组织中析出大量θ脆性相,从而降低了合金强度,这也是安装座过早疲劳开裂的原因。对铸造工艺和无损检测工序提出了改进建议以避免此类故障再次发生。     

无穷多项和求极限问题的探讨

针对求极限过程中的一个难点———无穷多项和求极限 ,可通过先求和、夹逼定理、无穷小分析法、定积分等四种方法加以解决。     

如何从"无为"到"无不为"--老子"道"的伦理精神探微

《老子》书文约义丰,曲折难懂。其“无为无不为”更是只能心知其意。笔者试图对从“无为”到“无不为”中间的逻辑环节作一个解读——把二者连接起来的是其中存在着一种成长性希冀,在中国传统文化中则体现为一种务虚精神,并且深深地影响到了中国人对生命和人的认识。