The Primordial Helium-4 Abundance from Observations of a Large Sample of Blue Compact Dwarf Galaxies

We use a sample of 45 low-metallicity H II regions in blue compact dwarf (BCD) galaxies to determine the primordial helium abundance YP with a precision better than 5%. We have carefully investigated the physical effects which may make the He I line intensities deviate from their recombination values such as collisional and fluorescent enhancements, underlying He I stellar absorption and absorption by Galactic interstellar Na I. By extrapolating the Y vs. O/H and Y vs. N/H linear regressions to O/H = N/H = 0, we obtain YP = 0.244±0.002 and 0.245±0.001, respectively, higher than previous determinations (YP = 0.230 - 0.234). Part of the difference comes from the fact that previous investigators have not taken into account underlying He I stellar absorption, especially in the NW component of the BCD I Zw 18 which, because of its extremely low metallicity plays a key role in the determination of YP. We derive a slope dY/dZ = 2.3±1.0, considerably smaller than those derived before. With this smaller slope and taking into account the errors, chemical evolution models with an outflow of well-mixed material can be built for star-forming dwarf galaxies which satisfy all the observational constraints. Our YP gives _bh ₅₀ ² = 0.058±0.007,f consistent with the lower limit set by dynamical measurements and X-ray observations of clusters of galaxies. It is also consistent, within the framework of standard big bang nucleosynthesis theory, with measurements of primordial 7Li in galactic halo stars and with the D/H abundance measured in absorption systems toward quasars by Burles and Tytler (1997).     

锅炉分层给煤装置的机理及效果分析

影响锅炉热效率的因素有多种，其中最主要的有两点：一是煤的燃烧状况，一是炉膛的换热环境。本文从煤层结构对燃烧状况的影响这个角度分析了分层给煤装置的优点和不足，并提出了几点改进方法。     

FAST FEATURE RANKING AND ITS APPLICATION TO FACE RECOGNITION

A fast feature ranking algorithm for classification in the presence of high dimensionahty and small sample size is proposed. The basic idea is that the important features force the data points of the same class to maintain their intrinsic neighbor relations, whereas neighboring points of different classes are no longer to stick to one an- other. Applying this assumption, an optimization problem weighting each feature is derived. The algorithm does not involve the dense matrix eigen-decomposition which can be computationally expensive in time. Extensive exper- iments are conducted to validate the significance of selected features using the Yale, Extended YaleB and PIE data- sets. The thorough evaluation shows that, using one-nearest neighbor classifier, the recognition rates using 100-- 500 leading features selected by the algorithm distinctively outperform those with features selected by the baseline feature selection algorithms, while using support vector machine features selected by the algorithm show less prominent improvement. Moreover, the experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is particularly effi- cient for multi-class face recognition problem.     

A residual based adaptive unscented Kalman filter for fault recovery in attitude determination system of microsatellites

This paper presents an adaptive unscented Kalman filter (AUKF) to recover the satellite attitude in a fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) subsystem of microsatellites. The FDD subsystem includes a filter and an estimator with residual generators, hypothesis tests for fault detections and a reference logic table for fault isolations and fault recovery. The recovery process is based on the monitoring of mean and variance values of each attitude sensor behaviors from residual vectors. In the case of normal work, the residual vectors should be in the form of Gaussian white noise with zero mean and fixed variance. When the hypothesis tests for the residual vectors detect something unusual by comparing the mean and variance values with dynamic thresholds, the AUKF with real-time updated measurement noise covariance matrix will be used to recover the sensor faults. The scheme developed in this paper resolves the problem of the heavy and complex calculations during residual generations and therefore the delay in the isolation process is reduced. The numerical simulations for TSUBAME, a demonstration microsatellite of Tokyo Institute of Technology, are conducted and analyzed to demonstrate the working of the AUKF and FDD subsystem.     

适用于负过载启动的新型增压输送系统

介绍了一种适用于飞行器在负过载情况下启动的新型增压输送系统,该系统采用气液隔离方式,比国外可重复使用飞行器的增压输送系统结构质量轻、体积小,有利于提高飞行器的性能。分析了该系统的特点,给出了系统的主要性能参数。新型增压输送系统经过冷流试验和热试车的考核,结果均满足设计和使用要求。     

×××机翼主梁的寿命分布研究

本文通过运用Ｗ∧２统计量的检验方法对ＸＸＸ飞机八个失效的机翼主梁寿命分布进行了检验，得出该主梁寿命分布为威布尔分布。     

飞机机身近区电磁散射建模研究

采用物理光学法和一致性几何绕射理论，分析机身各 球面波照射下的近场电磁散射特性几何绕射并建立其雷达散射截面（ＲＣＳ）数学模型，同时对于复杂机身的前部，采用面元油、即采用双三次Ｂ样条技术对机外形进行拟合，然后再用一致性几何绕射理论进行计算。种方法具有一定的可信度。     

学生成绩随机后台查询系统

本文分析了ＷＩＮＤＯＷＳ９５的通信体系结构，并将ＶＩＳＵＡＬ ＶＯＩＣＥ ＦＯＲ ＴＡＰＩ控件，通过ＶＩＮＤＯＷＳ９５支持的ＯＬＥ（对象的链接与嵌入）机制，将它嵌入到由ＶＩＳＵＡＬ ＢＡＳＩＣ开发的应用程序中，从而实现了学生成绩随机后台查询。     

基于软件工程思想方法的CAI课件开发

介绍了软件工程思想方法，运用软件工程思想方法基于瀑布模型分析了CAI课件开发过程，实践创作开发了基于Web的多媒体《概率论与数理统计》CAI课件。     

LEO卫星发射机功率长期变化分析

针对空间环境辐射效应对低轨(Low Earth Orbit,LEO)卫星固态功放器件的长期影响,以工作超过15年的某卫星发射机为对象,在详细讨论卫星轨道半长轴、倾角、光照角和降交点地方时漂移基础上,分析发射机在轨温度、输出功率等参数变化,重点考察功率长期漂移情况.通过建立模型对功率衰减进行估计,最后结合遥测数据进行检验.结果表明,发射机温度具有轨道周期、年周期与长期变化规律,轨道周期内,卫星位于地影区中间位置时温度最高,在另一侧相对位置时温度最低;年周期内,冬至前后温度处于最高水平,夏至前后则最低;长期上,温度逐年升高,且温升速度逐渐趋缓.固态功放输出功率在轨呈长期下降趋势,在5463 d内从519.7 mW减至491.4 mW,减少28.3 mW,衰减率5.45％,年均衰减率0.36％;功率衰减基本符合指数变化规律,拟合下的功率衰减率约为5.49％,年均衰减率不足0.37％,相关系数值接近于0.98.入轨2年后,功率衰减速度达到峰值,表明器件可能受到低剂量率辐射损伤增强效应影响,可为后期辐射加固设计提供参考.国产发射机功率器件性能较优,适合于LEO卫星长寿命在轨运行下的空间应用.