基于精确伪距率观测模型的GPS/SINS组合导航系统研究

从泰勒公式及函数矩阵的基本定义出发，推导了考虑位置误差相关项时，GPS/SINS组合导航系统精确的伪距率观测数学模型。仿真结果表明，使用精确伪距率观测模型的伪距、伪距率交替组合导航系统，其位置误差能更好地跟踪GPS系统位置几何误差系数，能更真实地反映载体的短期位置误差，更适用于对航天器或大气飞行器短期位置导航精度要求较高的场合（如把航天飞机或大气飞行器作为高分辨率合成孔径雷达等遥感器的载体）。     

Controlling factors of Region 2 field-aligned current and its relationship to the ring current: Model results

One essential component of magnetosphere and ionosphere coupling is the closure of the ring current through Region 2 field-aligned current (FAC). Using the Comprehensive Ring Current Model (CRCM), which includes magnetosphere and ionosphere coupling by solving the kinetic equation of ring current particles and the closure of the electric currents between the two regions, we have investigated the effects of high latitude potential, ionospheric conductivity, plasma sheet density and different magnetic field models on the development of Region 2 field-aligned currents, and the relationship between R2 FACs and the ring current. It is shown that an increase in high latitude potential, ionospheric conductivity or plasma sheet density generally results in an increase in Region 2 FACs’ intensity, but R2 FACs display different local time and latitudinal distributions for changes in each parameter due to the different mechanisms involved. Our simulation results show that the magnetic field configuration of the inner magnetosphere is also an important factor in the development of Region 2 field-aligned current. More numerical experiments and observational results are needed in further our understanding of the complex relationship of the two current systems.     

从广告翻译实践看中英文化差异

文化差异在翻译实践活动中普遍存在。广告翻译不仅是语言的翻译，还包含着文化上的转换。因此，在翻译广告的时候，译者必须注意这些文化元素的影响，选用适当的翻译策略。同时，从这些广告翻译策略的运用中，读者也可透视到中英两种文化的差异。     

Selective laser melting of Al–8.5Fe–1.3V–1.7Si alloy: Investigation on the resultant microstructure and hardness

This article presents the microstructure and hardness variation of an Al–8.5Fe–1.3V–1.7Si(wt%, FVS0812) alloy after selective laser melting(SLM) modification. Three zones were distinguished across the melting pool of the SLM-processed FVS0812 alloy: the laser melted zone(LMZ), the melting pool border, and the heat affected zone(HAZ) in the previously deposited area around the melting pool. Inside the LMZ, either an extremely fine cellular-dendritic structure or a mixture zone of the a-Al matrix and nanoscale Al_(12)(Fe,V)_3Si particles appeared. With a decreased laser beam scanning speed, the cellular-dendritic structure zone within the LMZ shrank significantly while the mixture zone expanded. The a-Al and Al_(12)(Fe,V)_3Si mixture zone was also observed in the HAZ, but another phase, submicron h-Al_(13)Fe_4 particles with rectangular or hexagonal shapes,formed along the melting pool border. Microhardness tests indicated that the hardness of the SLM-processed FVS0812 samples far exceeded that of the as-cast FVS0812 alloy.     

基于自适应算法的带罩阵列天线方向图综合

提出一种基于自适应天线理论的带罩阵列天线方向图综合方法。先用射线追踪法计算到达罩内阵列天线的入射信号,通过自适应算法进行波束赋形,再用表面积分法得到带罩自适应天线的远区辐射场。用权函数的迭代来减小带罩方向图和无罩方向图的差别,实现天线与罩的一体优化。数值仿真结果表明,该方法能实现对带罩阵列天线主瓣指向、零陷位置和副瓣电平的控制,同时减小了天线罩对系统辐射特性方面的影响。     

一种双层微带反射阵天线单元设计及应用

微带反射阵单元是组成微带反射阵的基本元素,其性能的好坏直接影响整个阵列的性能。针对微带反射阵天线带宽窄的问题,设计一种双层结构的圆环单元,研究不同结构参数对单元相位曲线的相移范围、平滑度以及谐振点位置的影响,并设计一个49单元的微带平面反射阵。仿真结果表明,此阵列频带宽,增益高,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

空间遥感智能载荷及其关键技术

针对空间对地遥感观测任务对遥感器高分辨率和灵活性的需求,文章提出并介绍了智能空间光学载荷技术。所研制的新型载荷系统的设计思想是将微型高精度星敏感器、MEMS陀螺仪、高分辨率光学相机进行一体化设计,全面提高在轨成像时相机姿态实时性测量精度及各组件数据深耦合性。应用实时定姿定位、动态像速匹配及像差追踪校正,图像非盲反卷积等自主研究开发的最新理论和技术成果,实现遥感器在轨智能化高分辨率成像。根据智能载荷的技术特点开展了相关原理样机标定和测试技术的研究。     

Al/Mg阻抗梯度材料超高速撞击机理数值仿真研究

文章采用数值仿真方法研究了Al/Mg阻抗梯度材料在超高速撞击下的响应过程,分析了冲击波在阻抗梯度材料中的传播规律,计算了撞击过程中的能量耗散情况,并与弹丸撞击铝合金靶的结果进行了比较。研究结果表明,相对于铝合金材料,Al/Mg阻抗梯度材料：1）延长了冲击波的传播时间,使峰值压力脉冲的比冲量提升了30%～50%;2）提高了塑性功和内能转化量,使不可逆功增加了10%。由此证明阻抗梯度材料的防护性能优于铝合金。     

微纳米尺度流动实验研究的问题与进展

微纳米实验流体力学研究的流动特征尺度在1mm～1nm范围,处于宏观流动到分子运动的过渡区。连续介质力学与量子力学这两个经典理论的衔接,提出了诸如连续性假设适用性、边界滑移等基本理论问题。同时从微纳米尺度研究界面处液/固/气的耦合,化学、电学性质对流动的影响值得关注。微纳米实验测量仪器融入了力、电等测量手段,要求测量空间精度达到nm量级,力的测量精度达到pN,时间分辨率达到ns。本文围绕连续性假设适用性、边界滑移、微纳米粒子布朗运动及微尺度涡旋测量等问题,介绍了 Micro/Nano PIV、示踪粒子流场显示等技术应用于微纳流场观测的进展与难点。目前微纳米流动测量仍然沿着经典流体力学测量“小型化”的思路开展,而纳尺度的测量期待着新的实验方法与技术的提出。     

Investigations into sensing characteristics of circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors for gas path monitoring

Circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors are promising in gas path monitoring due to their advantages of non-intrusiveness and easy installation. The spatial sensitivity and filtering effect are two important performance parameters. In this paper, an analytically mathematical model of induced charge on a circular thin-plate electrode is first derived. Then the spatial sensitivity and filtering effect of the circular electrostatic sensor are investigated by numerical calculations. Finally,experimental studies are performed to testify the theoretical results. Both theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors act as a low-pass filter in the spatial frequency domain, and both the spatial filtering effect and the temporal frequency response characteristics depend strongly on the spatial position and velocity of the charged particle. These conclusions can provide guidelines for the optimal design of circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors.