高温环境下大尺度薄壁结构的电性能优化设计

考虑温度引起的热变形和材料电磁参数变化对天线罩电性能的影响,基于口径积分-表面积分法(AI-SI)和有限元法(FEM),提出了高温环境下天线罩电性能分析方法;进而基于粒子群算法(PSO),建立了计及热效应的天线罩结构电性能优化流程。分别选取常温环境、均匀高温环境和非均匀高温环境三种典型工况,对比研究了温度对天线罩电性能的影响规律,并对天线罩电性能进行了优化,研究结果表明:高温会引起天线罩透波系数的下降和瞄准误差的上升,在天线罩优化设计中应重视温度对电性能的影响;计及热效应的天线罩结构电性能优化方法能显著提升天线罩的透波系数、降低瞄准误差,具有良好的优化效果。     

Focus Reflective Shock Wave Interaction with Flame

An experiment on deformation of flame under the effect of focusing shock wave reflection is performed with the help of multiple-spark camera to understand the flame instability of the deformation process. Methane and oxygen are mixed stoichiometrically to be used in the experiment. Based on Navier-Strokes equations, two-dimen- sional axisymmetric elementary reactions are numerically simulated. And the simulation results are solved by opti- cal calculation. Shaded pictures by simulation fit well with experimental photos. Focusing reflecton shock waves can affect the flame, which accelerates the deformation of flame and renders violent burning in high-energy flam- mable gases behind waves. Therefore anticlockwise whirlpool appears. It clusters around the external surface of flame and has a tendency to develop toward the right. Finally, the whirlpool focuses on the right side of the flame, which involves the fresh unfired gases into the whirlpool circle, and consequently the head of mushroom cloud is formed. Meanwhile, when shock wave passes through the flame, the intensity of the shock waves on the axis is strengthened.     

Assessment on critical technologies for conceptual design of blended-wing-body civil aircraft

Civil aviation faces great challenges because of its robust projected future growth and potential adverse environmental effects. The classical Tube-And-Wing(TAW) configuration following the Cayley's design principles has been optimized to the architecture's limit, which can hardly satisfy the further requirements on green aviation. By past decades' investigations the BlendedWing-Body(BWB) concept has emerged as a potential solution, which can simultaneously fulfill metrics of noise, emission and fuel burn. The purpose of the present work is to analyze the developments of critical technologies for BWB conceptual design from a historical perspective of technology progress. It was found that the high aerodynamic efficiency of BWB aircraft can be well scaled by the mean aerodynamic chord and wetted aspect ratio, and should be realized with the trade-offs among stability and control and low-speed performance. The structure concepts of non-cylinder pressurized cabin are of high risks on weight prediction and weight penalty. A static stability criterion is recommended and further clear and adequate criteria are required by the evaluations of flying and handling qualities. The difficulties of propulsion and airframe integration are analyzed. The energy to revenue work ratios of well-developed BWB configurations are compared,which are 31.5% and 40% better than that of TAW, using state-of-art engine technology and future engine technology, respectively. Finally, further study aspects are advocated.     

超导重力仪器:机遇与挑战

超导重力仪器是利用超导电性构建的精密相对重力测量仪器，其工作于4.2K液氦温度，具有仪器固有噪声低、稳定性好的特点。阐述了超导重力仪和超导重力梯度仪两种仪器的工作原理与技术特征，简要介绍了作者所在课题组超导重力仪器研制的进展情况。分析了我国资源勘查用航空超导重力梯度仪研制所面临的机遇与挑战，提出了应对技术挑战的策略方法。     

基于不确定性的飞行器分离可靠性建模与分析方法

为实现飞行器分离任务可靠性的定量分析和高效精确评估，研究了高超声速飞行器分离任务过程中各种不确定性因素对分离可靠性的影响，提出一种基于不确定性的飞行器分离可靠性建模与分析方法。面向高超声速飞行器分离任务需求，建立分离动力学仿真模型，综合考虑分离过程不确定性因素的影响，利用灵敏度分析方法识别主要不确定性因素，构建分离可靠性模型。针对此模型，提出一种改进主动学习Kriging(IAK)的分离可靠性分析方法，通过新的采样策略选取失效概率更大的采样点作为新增训练点，进行高效可靠性分析。实例结果表明，该方法能够准确描述不确定性因素对分离过程的影响，提升分离可靠性定量分析的精度和效率，为飞行器分离方案的精细化设计提供支撑。     

天问一号任务的技术创新

天问一号在国际上首次通过一次任务实现火星环绕、着陆、巡视的3大目标,突破了多项关键技术。本文介绍了天问一号的任务概况和飞行进展,全面总结了任务取得的8类创新成就和突破的主要关键技术。具体包括：火星环绕、着陆、巡视3大任务强耦合的总体设计、多弹道地球逃逸轨道发射、行星际飞行与火星捕获控制、火星进入下降着陆、火星表面恶劣环境应对、4亿千米远距离测控通信、遥感与巡视探测先进载荷、火星环境建模与地面验证试验。天问一号任务取得圆满成功,使得中国在深空探测领域一举进入世界先进行列。     

钛及钛合金表面耐磨热处理

综述了近年来为提高钛及钛合金表面耐磨性而采用的热处理表面改性技术,如渗氮、渗硼、离子注入、激光合金化等。讨论了每种工艺方法所获表面改性层的结构和性能特征及其适应范围。其中着重介绍了离子氮化和激光合金化工艺,比较了各自的优缺点,并提出了应进一步研究的方向。     

确定飞机机体日历寿命的方法

阐明了飞机日历寿命的定义和组成关系式;提出了确定飞机日历寿命的原则和技术途径;指明了确定飞机日历寿命的依据、关键技术和验证方法。     

涡轮叶栅端壁区流动的实验研究

本文在大尺寸低速开式叶栅传热风洞中对一种高压涡轮导向叶栅中的流场进行了实验研究。采用五孔针对5个雷诺数下的叶栅端壁区三维流场进行了测量,并用线簇和小球浮动法对5个工况的流动进行了流场显示。实验结果表明:马蹄涡压力面分支在向吸力面运动的过程中,破坏了来流附面层的结构,在马蹄涡压力面分支之后,叶栅通道中产生了一个新的从压力面到吸力面的新附面层,新附面层的厚度小于来流附面层厚度;三维流动区约占叶栅通道的40%;雷诺数的增大将增强端壁区的三维流动。从流场显示图片可以观测叶片吸力面靠近端壁的角涡形成与发展,以及吸力面上的三角形区域;流场显示的通道涡大小与流场测量结果吻合。本文的实验结果有助于分析端壁表面和叶片表面换热特性的形成机理。      

扰流柱排内换热的实验研究

在来流雷诺数为2000～100000的范围内,对装有扰流柱排的矩形通道内的局部换热系数进行了详细的测量,得到了扰流柱排强化换热的规律,对强化换热的机理进行了探讨。