Hubble performance on-orbit

A summary of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) nickel-hydrogen (NiH/sub 2/) battery performance from launch to the present. Over the life of HST vehicle configuration, charge system degradation and failures, together with thermal design limitations, have had a significant effect on the capacity of HST batteries. Changes made to the charge system configuration to protect against power system failures and to maintain battery thermal stability resulted in undercharging of the batteries. This undercharging resulted in decreased usable battery capacity as well as battery cell voltage/capacity divergence. This cell divergence was made evident during on-orbit battery capacity measurements by a relatively shallow slope of the discharge curve following the discharge knee. Early efforts to improve battery performance have been successful. On-orbit capacity measurement data indicates increases in the usable battery capacity of all six batteries as well as improvements in the battery cell voltage/capacity divergence. Additional measures have been implemented to improve battery performance, however, failures within the HST Power Control Unit (PCU) have prevented verification of battery status.     

GPS navigation with increased immunity to modeling errors

A robust extended Kalman filter (EKF) is presented for GPS navigation with outlying errors in the GPS measurements due to failed satellites or unmodeled errors. In this approach, the innovation step of the conventional EKF is modified using the robust statistics concept to obtain a more accurate state estimate in the presence of outlying errors. Performance of the proposed robust EKF in comparison with the conventional EKF, and adaptive EKF is demonstrated through simulation results.     

基于ICE的分布式火箭遥测数据处理架构设计

介绍ICE中间件技术,提出分布式环境中的箭遥数据处理架构模型,阐述如何对基于ICE的分布式系统进行系统架构设计。架构可以降低软件模块之间的耦合度,解决服务器负载过大的问题。     

New criterion for aircraft susceptibility to infrared guided missiles

This paper assesses aircraft susceptibility from the first principles, with respect to the threat posed by passively guided infrared homing missiles; with an objective of gaining insight into the comprehensiveness of the relationship between aircraft susceptibility and aircraft infrared signature level. The conventional criterion of aircraft susceptibility assessment based on its lock-on envelop is found to be inadequate, and a new criterion termed here as the Lethal Envelop is presented. The proposed susceptibility assessment criterion is more relevant for coming generation of infrared-guided missiles, because of advancements in the infrared detection technology. A threshold infrared signature level is also proposed as benchmark to be satisfied by all infrared signature suppression systems; if aircraft susceptibility to infrared guided missiles is to be reduced. This analysis is vital for gauging the effectiveness of infrared signature suppression systems. A typical air-to-air combat situation is simulated, and the results that lead to aircraft susceptibility assessment are obtained from this model, which illustrates the comprehensiveness of the redefined aircraft susceptibility assessment approach.     

GMRT monitoring of Cyg X-1 and Cyg X-3

We present the results of low frequency radio observations of the X-ray binaries, Cygnus X-1 and Cygnus X-3, during different X-ray states. The low frequency observations were made for the first time for these sources at 0.61 and 1.28 GHz using the Giant Meter-wave Radio Telescope (GMRT) between 2003 and 2004. Both Cyg X-1 and Cyg X-3 are highly variable at low radio frequencies. We also compare our data with the observations at 15 GHz conducted by the Ryle telescope. Spectral turnover is seen for both the sources below 2 GHz. The data suggest that the change in the radio flux density in both the sources is correlated to the X-ray hardness ratio and follows a similar behavior pattern.     

Behavior of a cycled Ni-Cd battery during pulse discharge

The pulse discharge behavior of a 9-Ah, 6-V nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) battery fabricated for the FAST program was studied. The response of the battery voltage to a pulse with a current of 60 A and duration of 10 to 200 ms was measured, along with the capacity remaining at the end of pulse discharge. The maximum drop in voltage at the beginning of the pulse was 505 to 1,049 mV, and battery capacity remained stable     

对相位和差单脉冲雷达的两点有源相干干扰

采用矢量分析方法研究相位和差单脉冲雷达的抗干扰能力,重点对两点相干干扰的效果及影响干扰效果的因素进行仿真分析,尤其是对雷达接收天线间距一波长比、干扰源相对雷达的角度等因素与干扰效果之间的关系进行分析。所得出的结论对作战具有一定的参考价值。     

拖曳式诱饵释放时机和释放过程研究

在拖曳式诱饵的使用中,有两个问题必须考虑：一是诱饵释放时机;二是诱饵释放过程。首先对诱饵的释放时机进行论述,给出诱饵最佳释放时机;然后采用数学方法,建立诱饵释放过程模型,对其进行仿真,得到了较为准确的仿真结果。     

Morphological studies on ionospheric VHF scintillations over an Indian low latitude station during a solar cycle period (2001–2010)

The amplitude scintillations data recorded at 244 MHz from the geostationary satellite, FLEETSAT (73°E) at a low latitude station, Waltair (17.7°N, 83.3°E) during the ten year period of high to low solar activity from 2001 to 2010 is considered to study the occurrence characteristics of the VHF scintillations. A close association between the intense scintillations on VHF signals during pre-midnight hours, associated with range type of spread-F on ionograms and a relatively weak and slow fading scintillations during post-midnight hours associated with frequency type of spread-F is observed during the relatively high sunspot years from 2001 to 2004, whereas during the low sunspot years from 2005 to 2010 the scintillation activity as well as spread-F activity are found to be minimum. During both the high and low sunspot years, it is observed that the maximum scintillation activity occurs during equinoctial months followed by winter with the minimum occurrence during summer months. The annual mean percentage occurrence of scintillations is found to be clearly associated with the variations in the annual mean sunspot number. The nocturnal variations in the occurrence of scintillations show the onset of scintillation activity starts from 19:00 h LT with maximum of occurrence around 21:00 h LT. A clear semiannual variation in the occurrence of scintillations is observed during pre-midnight hours with two peaks in equinoctial months of March/April and September/October. The number of scintillation patches observed is found to be more during pre-midnight hours compared to those during post-midnight hours. The most probable scintillation patch duration lies around 30 min. Further, it is also found that the number of scintillation patches with durations of 60 min and more decreases with the increase in the patch duration. It is also observed in general that the scintillation activity is inhibited during geomagnetic disturbed days.     

Water Vapor Imagery: A New Observation for Weather Analysis

Water vapor imagery is now available routinely from weather satellites for use in meteorological operations. Research during the past 5 years has provided insight concerning the physical interpretation of this data under varying atmospheric moisture and temperature distributions. Investigations have also identified new applications for use in operational weather analysis and forecasting. The water vapor patterns and the changes of these patterns with time, relate to upper tropospheric flow, the jet stream, tropopause breaks, the intensification of thunderstorms, and tropical storm motion. Animated hourly water vapor imagery will become available next year for use by National Weather Service (NWS) field forecasters. It will provide them with a new diagnostic tool for short range forecasts.