Spray characteristics of jet–swirl nozzles for thrust chamber injector

Thrust chamber injector is very critical component since that small differences in its design can result in dramatically different performance. This paper presents a preliminary investigation of a mono-propellant jet–swirl nozzle for thrust chamber using the existing commercial nozzle made of brass with little modification. The performance of two types of spray pattern, i.e. hollow cone and solid cone were investigated under cold flow test. Two solid cone injectors were studied at various purely axial orifice diameter with all other parameters remaining constant. This investigation reveals that decrease in the breakup length increased the spray angle. Higher injection pressure leads to shorter breakup length and higher value of discharge coefficient, except for hollow cone nozzle which shows mild fluctuating trend. Experimental data also tells that solid cone nozzle with diameter ratio 0.14 has the highest average discharge coefficient (0.60), followed by hollow cone nozzle (0.25). Solid cone nozzle with diameter ratio of 0.1 has an average discharge coefficient of 0.21.     

耐371℃ PMR型含异构联苯结构的聚酰亚胺树脂及复合材料

采用活性单体原位聚合方法,由2,3,3',4'-联苯四甲酸二乙酯为芳香族二酸二酯、对苯二胺与间苯二胺混合物为芳香族二胺、降冰片稀二甲酸单乙酯为反应性封端剂制备了系列PMR型聚酰亚胺树脂.研究了树脂的化学结构及其计算分子量等对其成型工艺性能和耐热性能的影响规律.以优选树脂体系为基体与碳纤维复合制备的碳纤维增强聚酰亚胺树脂基复合材料表现出优良的耐热性能与力学性能,室温下,弯曲强度为1 560 MPa,弯曲模量为137 GPa,层间剪切强度为56 MPa,在370℃的高温下,其力学性能保持率大于50%.     

卫星质量特性测试新方法研究

文章介绍了一种全新的卫星质量特性测试方法,并在原理上进行了论证.文章对测试误差也进行了简单的量化分析.     

卫星质心三轴快速测量配重新工艺

文章介绍在某型号的结构星质心测试中,克服了传统工艺的局限性,采用了新的测试工艺,利用倾斜法对卫星三个坐标轴上的质心位置进行快速测量并配重,节省了时间,在实践中取得了很好的效果。     

Automatic lineament extraction in a heavily vegetated region using Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) imagery

Lineament extraction from satellite remotely sensed data has been one of the widely used applications of remote sensing in geology. In fact, recent advances in digital image processing allow such lineament extraction to be accomplished in semi-automatic to fully automatic approaches. However, satellite remotely sensed data acquired in heavily vegetated regions such as tropical rainforest, are vulnerable to higher inherent noise levels attributed to the resultant effects of scattering by clouds and adjacency effects of highly inhomogeneous vegetation cover within the pixel dimension. In this study, we examined the effects of noise levels to lineament extraction using a fully automatic approach, consisting of a combination of edge-line detection algorithms. Ancillary information from a digitized topographic map and image classification was used to discriminate between cultural and natural lineaments from the extracted lineaments. Adapting the combination of edge detection and a line-linking algorithm, we have found the optimal parameters for automatic lineament extraction of such complex areas using Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) data. A noise level of 30% is the maximum threshold before artifacts are generated. It is therefore concluded that the combination of edge-based and line-linking digital image processing operations with the priori local optimal parameters is crucial in lineament feature extraction in heavily vegetated regions.     

复材制件固化过程温度控制的探讨与实践

复合材料制件在成型过程中温度均匀性的控制,是影响产品各项力学性能的关键因素之一。通过对实际生产中典型碳纤维/环氧复合材料固化过程进行分析,分别从零件构型、工装结构和热电偶模拟方式3个方面对碳纤维/环氧复合材料制件固化过程热温度控制进行研究。分析得出该类复材制件固化时零件温度控制的一般规律,为后续同类型零件的温度控制研究打下基础。     

On the selection of optimal global geopotential model for geoid modeling: A case study in Pakistan

A statistical comparison has been made between gravity field parameters derived from different global geopotential models (GGMs) and observed gravity anomalies, gravimetric geoid and GPS-Leveling data. The motivation behind this study is the selection of best possible global geopotential model that best matches statistically with the local observed data in Pakistan. This will facilitate in decreasing the load on observed data for the development of regional gravimetric geoid in remove-compute-restore technique when used in the Stokes’s integral for computation of the residual part. It is observed that combined geopotential models such as EGM96 and PGM200A, EIGEN-GL04C and EIGEN-CG03C reflect the better match in the total spectral range of gravity and GPS-Leveling data. Results of the precise local geoid model also indicate similar characteristics. A very-high-degree model “EGM2008” (degree/order 2160) exhibits relatively superior statistical fit with observed ground data in Pakistan region. For satellite-only models an increasing trend in the standard deviation can be seen with maximum of about ∼4 m in difference between GPS-Leveling and corresponding GGM’s geoid with increase in the order from 50 to 120 and then it decreases afterwards. However, for the EIGEN-CHAMP03SP, standard deviation saturates to a value of 3.4 m. This is an indication of contamination in the long to medium wavelength part, i.e. 50–100° for the satellite-only models. Moreover, the models DEOS-CHAMP-01C, GGM02C and then ITG-GRACE03 appear to have better fit for medium to long wavelength and can possibly be recommended for use as long wavelength part with the local observed data. While a hybrid geopotential model selection can be achieved through the selection from either of DEOS-CHAMP-01C, GGM02C, GGM02S, EIGEN-GRACE02S or ITG-GRACE03 in the long wavelength (to degree and order 40) and EGM96, PGM200A, EIGEN-GL04C, EIGEN-CG03C or even EGM2008 in medium to short wavelength, i.e. from degree 41 to maximum degree and order.     

Synthetic aperture beamformer for imaging through a dielectric wall

A coarray-based aperture synthesis scheme using subarrays and postdata acquisition beamforming is presented for through-the-wall wideband microwave imaging applications. The wall causes wave refraction and a change in the propagation speed, both effects alter the travel time between the transmitter, the target, and the receiver. Coherent combining of the pulse waveforms emitted by the different transmitters and incident at the receivers through reflections from targets and clutter requires incorporation of wall effects into the beamformer design. Simulation results verifying the proposed synthetic aperture technique for a through-the-wall imaging (TWI) system are presented. The impact of the wall ambiguities or incorrect estimates of the wall parameters, such as thickness and dielectric constant, on performance is considered.     

Noncoherent approach to through-the-wall radar localization

A noncoherent through-the-wall radar system approach, based on stepped-frequency signal synthesis and trilateration technique, is presented. This approach involves multiple independent monostatic radar units and as such, provides flexibility in positioning the units with various standoff distances and inter-element spacing. The performance of the proposed noncoherent localization system was demonstrated using simulated and real data. The results show that the radar is able to detect and locate multiple targets behind walls     

太阳帆材料研究进展

太阳帆飞船由于无需动力等优势近年来引起了各国科学家的研究兴趣,并在深空探测领域具有重要的应用前景.太阳帆的结构设计和材料选择是影响其性能的重要因素,本文结合太阳帆飞行环境的特点,介绍了太阳帆的基本结构和飞行原理,重点针对目前几种比较典型的太阳帆设计,对其支撑材料以及帆面薄膜材料进行了综述,并分析了各种材料和设计的性能特点.