晶体振荡器的数字温度补偿

本文着眼于生产数字温度补偿晶体振荡器的可行性。试验台是一个可以同时测试20-35块晶体的自动测量系统。对查表补偿法和7次方程补偿法的结果进行了比较。两种方法得到的结果均在所要求频率窗 a±0.05ppm 以内。     

航天飞机运载器的靶场安全指令接收/解码器

靶场安全用的停飞分系统是所有航天器发射运载器的一个组成部分。该分系统中的指令接收和解码器接收上行射频信号,启动停飞动作。对于无人航天器运载器,靶场安全上行指令信号由一组选定的IRIG单音组成(按特定的顺序,对射频载波进行调频)。航天飞机的发射,则采用了一种更为复杂的主字母(High-Alphabet)调制技术,这种技术能更好地防止干扰信号所引起的误炸。航天飞机系统使用了一种复合指令调制格式,即由几种不同的单音组成,对标准的UHF载皮进行调频。指令字中的字母由两个同时发送的单音组成,这两个单音选自7个可供使用的单音频率。这7个单音一次使用两个,可形成一个21个字母的字母表,用这些字母构成指令字。每次任务可选择发射字母序列。对于任何一次任务,大约有10~(12)种可供选用的代码组合。对于航天飞机发射,空间运输系统的固体助推器和外储箱要加靶场安全指令接收—解码器。接收机部分设计成单超外差式,在制造过程中固定调谐在一个合适的射频中心频率上。解码器部分采用一个微处理器进行解码。解码器在飞行前编好程,使之仅能识别这次任务的代码。此外,借助微处理器利用快速付利叶变换(FFT)完成单音解调。由固态输出开关给停飞炸毁机构输出解码器输出电压     

采用收缩算法的自适应时空处理：使用真空数据的验证结果

本文叙述了这载雷达所记录的真实杂波数据的处理结果，该雷达采用了一个有由８天线组成的阵列天。处理中采用了构形为梯形收缩阵的时空处，达到了消除杂波和干扰的目的。     

Cell morphological, ontogenic, and genetic reactions to 0-g simulation and hyper-g

Organisms use gravity for spatial orientation, and differentiation into species during evolution follows geological processes which are caused by gravity. On the other hand, the task of most organismic functions which have or may have a relation to gravity is to compensate gravity. Furthermore, today it is very obvious that organisms do not disintegrate under the conditions of weightlessness, at least for the currently tested durations. These previous statements indicate a large field of still unknown regulation and adaptation mechanisms. Experiments to simulate weightlessness on the fast clinostat and with hyper-g show a highly developed ability of the genetic chain and of differentiating cells in being autonomous against mechanical stresses caused by outer accelerations. Nevertheless, different strong and slight changes of different tested end points were found. The question remains if the cells react actively or only passively.     

美国陆军的远距离光纤通信系统

随着新的高级武器系统的使用,盟国部队将要求改进指挥、控制、通信和情报(C~3I)系统的性能,以便充分发挥这些武器系统的最大效能。威慑部队认识到通信系统所发挥的巨大作用,肯定会发动一场较大的电子战来破坏这种通信。在这种电子战攻击下,战场上只有电缆通信是一种可靠的和有效的通信方式。而目前的战术电缆系统,如CX-11230金属双同轴电缆,已不能满足作战环境下的高机动性、快速展开和可靠性及生存能力的要求。认识到这一点以后,陆军开始大规模研究光导纤维的工程项目,来弥补这些不足。这个研究项目称为远距离光纤通信系统,即FOTS(LH)。     

利用GPS信号进行最佳时间和频率的传输

一、引言 GPS卫星系统的实现使原子钟的信号能到达任何一个拥有接收机的用户。原子钟和用户网两者的确切表征对获取最佳的时间和频率信息是重要的。本文将叙述从GPS的一套数据中获取最佳的时间和频率信息的方法和某些接近最佳且简单的数据处理技术。考虑三种简单的情况:情况A为“共视法”(Common-View approach);情况B为直接观测单个卫星,采样时间为几秒到几小时;情况C为观测单个卫星,每天几分钟,     

A directed search for extraterrestrial laser signals

This paper analyzes the technical feasibility of interstellar communication at infrared frequencies, both in its own right and in comparison with communication at radio frequencies. The analysis considers both the practical and fundamental limits affecting communication over interstellar distances and concludes that for specified transmitter and receiver locations communications at infrared and radio frequencies can be equally effective. On this basis a search for extraterrestrial signals at infrared wavelengths is equally as valid as any planned microwave effort. Work is now in progress to adapt a 10 micrometers heterodyne spectrometer to search for CO2 laser signals from 200 nearby stars.     

Hydroelectrolytic and hormonal modifications related to prolonged bedrest in antiorthostatic position

The effects of prolonged bedrest in antiorthostatic position (-4 degrees head down) on electrolyte balance were studied in 4 young volunteers. An increase was noted in sodium excretion during the first 4 days. Plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone varied in parallel manner during the same period. Potassium balance and creatinine clearance were not significantly modified. In light of these data we feel that prolonged bedrest in antiorthostatic position constitutes an effective way to simulate on earth metabolic and hormonal modifications occurring in man under weightlessness conditions.     

Artificial gravity: a possible countermeasure for post-flight orthostatic intolerance

Four payload crewmembers were exposed to sustained linear acceleration in a centrifuge during the Neurolab (STS-90) flight. In contrast to previous studies, otolith–ocular reflexes were preserved during and after flight. This raised the possibility that artificial gravity may have acted as a countermeasure to the deconditioning of otolith–ocular reflexes. None of the astronauts who were centrifuged had orthostatic intolerance when tested with head-up passive tilt after flight. Thus, centrifugation may also have helped maintain post-flight hemodynamic responses to orthostasis by preserving the gain of the otolith–sympathetic reflex. A comparison with two fellow Neurolab orbiter crewmembers not exposed to artificial gravity provided some support for this hypothesis. One of the two had hemodynamic changes in response to post-flight tilt similar to orthostatically intolerant subjects from previous missions. More data is necessary to evaluate this hypothesis, but if it were proven correct, in-flight short-radius centrifugation may help counteract orthostatic intolerance after space flight.     

Increased urinary excretion rates of serotonin and metabolites during bedrest

Astronauts are often on a voluntarily reduced energy intake during space missions, possibly caused by a metabolic or emotional stress response with involvement of the central serotonergic system (SES). We investigated 24 h urinary excretion (24 h-E) of serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindol acidic acid as indicators of the SES in healthy males under two different normocaloric conditions: normal physical activity (NPA) and -6 degree head-down-tilt (HDT). HDT or NPA were randomly arranged with a recovery period of 6 months in between. 24 h-E of hormones varied widely among individuals. Values were higher in HDT compared to NPA. Assuming that the 24 h-E values are, beside being indicators for alterations in the number and metabolism of platelets. Also indicators of central SES, HDT condition seems to activate central SES in a higher degree compared to NPA. Therefore, changes in central SES might be involved in the mechanisms associated with space flight or microgravity, including possible maladaptations such as voluntary undernutrition.