结构可靠性设计中的判定理论

在宇航结构可靠性分析方法的基础上,本文引入了试验方案选择概念,并根据统计判定理论推出了一套判定法。应用这个方法对给定结构部件可决定最佳成本效应设计的因子和试验方案。最后以土星V和航天机的几个结构组件为例,算出了结果。由此结果可以看出:设计费用与重量对最优判据有显著影响。     

用热图法检查复合材料中粘结层和层间的缺陷

本文报导用液晶热图法对复合材料中粘结层和层间缺陷的检查研究。此法已成功地用于三种复合材料(E 玻璃纤维/环氧、石墨/环氧及 HMC)中缺陷的检查。将热图法的检查结果与超声 C-扫描法相比较,以评价这种新技术的效果。此外,还用显微照相来证实所测得的各种缺陷,并查明实际损伤的类型和大小。     

航空发动机2 级风扇的数值研究

运用ANSYS CFX 11.0和home-code程序对AI222发动机风扇流路气动参数进行了3维CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)计算;通过3维建模,实现了风扇主要积分特性和局部参数计算。通过与风扇进行大量试验结果的对比,验证了计算结果,并找出了产生差别的原因,得到了风扇总特性以及气流径向参数的计算值与试验值的吻合度。结果表明:通过运用3维建模计算方法简化了风扇设计过程,缩短了风扇从设计到试验的时间,降低了航空发动机部件的设计成本。     

A reappraisal of the habitability of planets around M dwarf stars

Stable, hydrogen-burning, M dwarf stars make up about 75% of all stars in the Galaxy. They are extremely long-lived, and because they are much smaller in mass than the Sun (between 0.5 and 0.08 M(Sun)), their temperature and stellar luminosity are low and peaked in the red. We have re-examined what is known at present about the potential for a terrestrial planet forming within, or migrating into, the classic liquid-surface-water habitable zone close to an M dwarf star. Observations of protoplanetary disks suggest that planet-building materials are common around M dwarfs, but N-body simulations differ in their estimations of the likelihood of potentially habitable, wet planets that reside within their habitable zones, which are only about one-fifth to 1/50th of the width of that for a G star. Particularly in light of the claimed detection of the planets with masses as small as 5.5 and 7.5 M(Earth) orbiting M stars, there seems no reason to exclude the possibility of terrestrial planets. Tidally locked synchronous rotation within the narrow habitable zone does not necessarily lead to atmospheric collapse, and active stellar flaring may not be as much of an evolutionarily disadvantageous factor as has previously been supposed. We conclude that M dwarf stars may indeed be viable hosts for planets on which the origin and evolution of life can occur. A number of planetary processes such as cessation of geothermal activity or thermal and nonthermal atmospheric loss processes may limit the duration of planetary habitability to periods far shorter than the extreme lifetime of the M dwarf star. Nevertheless, it makes sense to include M dwarf stars in programs that seek to find habitable worlds and evidence of life. This paper presents the summary conclusions of an interdisciplinary workshop (http://mstars.seti.org) sponsored by the NASA Astrobiology Institute and convened at the SETI Institute.     

On biogenicity criteria for endolithic microborings on early Earth and beyond

Micron-sized cavities created by the actions of rock-etching microorganisms known as euendoliths are explored as a biosignature for life on early Earth and perhaps Mars. Rock-dwelling organisms can tolerate extreme environmental stresses and are excellent candidates for the colonization of early Earth and planetary surfaces. Here, we give a brief overview of the fossil record of euendoliths in both sedimentary and volcanic rocks. We then review the current understanding of the controls upon the distribution of euendolithic microborings and use these to propose three lines of approach for testing their biogenicity: first, a geological setting that demonstrates a syngenetic origin for the euendolithic microborings; second, microboring morphologies and distributions that are suggestive of biogenic behavior and distinct from ambient inclusion trails; and third, elemental and isotopic evidence suggestive of biological processing. We use these criteria and the fossil record of terrestrial euendoliths to outline potential environments and techniques to search for endolithic microborings on Mars.     

飞机机械操纵系统建模

本文综合利用了多自由度系统的模态分析方法、模型解耦及降阶方法、非线性系统数字仿真方法、系统辨识与参数估计技术及各种合理的计算方法,提出了杆系基本固有频率的工程计算方法、建立了杆系系统非线性近似模型、分析了系统的动态特性、最后给出了杆系系统的等效线性模型并讨论了各种主要参数和操纵品质之间的关系。 本文的模型解耦部分得到空测报告的证明、等效线性模型结构在某型操纵系统试验中得到证实。本文所讨论的分析方法适用于一般多自由度机械系统的动态研究。     

基于Kirchhoff方法的跨音速螺旋桨的气动声学计算

本文采用Kirchhof方法计算双桨叶Hartzel跨音速螺旋桨的远场气动噪声。Kirchhoff面为包围整个螺旋桨的固定圆柱面,首先采用FLOWer软件包直接求解Euler方程得到圆柱内和圆柱面上的近场气动流场解,然后根据Kirchhof方法求解远场声场。通过计算详细研究了圆柱的直径和高度对远场声场的影响,以及圆柱各部分对远场声压的贡献,文中同时给出了Farassat线性方法的计算结果。      

煤油在超声速气流中非定常横向喷射的实验观察

本文目的是研究煤油在超声速气流中非定常横向喷射问题,并与静止和亚声速气流中的结果进行对比。改造普通油嘴并采用单次高压燃油喷射系统,得到不同延时的流场阴影照片。结果表明：在超声速气流中,射流柱破碎是由迎风面的表面波引起的,破碎点位于表面波的波谷。雾化过程过分四个区域。射流激波由近射流柱的迎风面,并在人壁反射,非定常喷射的波系演化复杂。煤油在亚声速气流中喷射,不存在射流激波,破碎点沿射流柱上移,穿透深     

Radio Heliographic Diagnostics of Solar Activity That Governs Space Weather

In this paper, the possibility and some results of radioheliographic study of space weather solar factors are shortly described.     

Detailed modeling of aluminum particle combustion——From single particles to cloud combustion in Bunsen flames

A numerical model for aluminum cloud combustion which includes the effects of interphase heat transfer, phase change, heterogeneous surface reactions, homogeneous combustion,oxide cap growth and radiation within the Euler–Lagrange framework is proposed. The model is validated in single particle configurations with varying particle diameters. The combustion process of a single aluminum particle is analyzed in detail and the particle consumption rates as well as the heat release rates due to the v...