Motion sickness susceptibility during rotation at 30 rpm in free-fall parabolic flight

Free fall per se whether in parabolic or orbital flight may be regarded as a "partial" motion environment with respect to eliciting motion sickness, requiring an additional component to render this environment "complete" or stressful. Parabolic flight in toto falls in the category of a "complete" motion environment in that some persons became motion sick with head fixed and eyes closed. In the present experiment we selected subjects who were symptom free or nearly symptom free in the KC-135 with head fixed. All tests were conducted with the subject rotating at 30 rpm in a rotating litter chair, and comparisons were made between head-fixed and head-moving conditions (right-left) in the free-fall phase of parabolic flight and under simulated free-fall phases in the laboratory. With head fixed most subjects were insusceptible; with head moving left-right susceptibility was slightly higher in the laboratory than aloft. An additional comparison was made correlating susceptibility in the free-fall phases of parabolic flight with susceptibility to experimental motion sickness in Skylab. In both situations cross-coupled angular accelerations were generated by executing head and body movements out of the plane of rotation. In parabolic flight 9 of 15 subjects reached an endpoint just short of frank motion sickness. In the Skylab workshop all eight of the astronauts tested were symptom free at the end of the test. The explanation for the difference in susceptibility rests in two factors: (1) Basic susceptibility in free fall is lower than on the ground, and (2) in Skylab the astronauts who needed to adapt had achieved this goal prior to the first test on Mission-Day 8.     

导引头实物仿真技术

讨论了美国陆军导弹司令部在研制面空导弹时采用的导引头实物仿真技术.目前在导弹系统的研制过程中,人们受到很多限制,例如经费有限,需要进行可靠的系统试验,要求在逼真的环境,包括电磁干扰和抗干扰环境中评价系统等.导引头实物仿真试验能为解决上述问题发挥重要作用.介绍和讨论了射频、非红外成像和电-光波段的现有仿真设备及其性能;举例介绍了最近完成的仿真试验结果及其对降低导弹系统研制成本所起的作用.最后介绍了主要的仿真技术和美国陆军提高仿真器能力的未来计划.     

固体推进剂发动机的比冲予示

实际比冲的理论予示方法大家是比较熟悉的.这些方法包括计算由于两相流、扩散、边界层、动能、喷管潜入和不完全燃烧造成的损失。在典型的加铝推进剂中最大的计算损失是两相流损失;由于粒子的大小和分布是不能精确知道的,因此这种计算也就具有最大的不精确性.本文中把由试验数据获得的平均粒子直径与喉径的关系用在固体火箭性能予示程序(SPP)方面,以便予示一系列发动机的推进剂比冲。这些予示与试验结果进行比较。结果指出比冲效率可认为与推进剂的本质有关.此外,试验比冲和比冲效率对发动机和推进剂变量是统计地相关的。这些相关性与较复杂的、较昂贵的理论分析一样准确.除比冲予示外,相关方程在发动机设计最佳化中是有用的。     

高密度数字磁记录的码型选择

一、概述数字磁表面存贮装置除作为大容量存贮器在地面信息处理系统中占有重要地位外,在机载、星载的数据存贮系统中也得到日益广泛的应用。容量、数据传输率、可靠性及成本等主要性能指标均与位密度直接相关。计测用的数字磁带记录仪位密度指标总是高于计算机的磁记录外存。目前,前者的     

交换式以太网传输数据生成和性能评价方法研究

先介绍交换式以太网传输数据流生成方法 ,即用接口控制文件 (ICD)对数据流行进行规范化定义 ,并采用数据库对ICD进行管理及生成仿真接口文件 (SID)。然后介绍交换式以太网建模仿真及性能评价方法 ,并用曲线对比法得出仿真结果和实测数据基本吻合的结论 ,论证仿真模型的正确性。数据库辅助仿真的设计方法克服了仿真过程中数据流录入的繁锁及重复性 ,大大节省时间 ,保证仿真数据流的正确性和一致性     

大型复合材料结构优化设计方法研究

建立了适合于大型复合材料结构的优化设计方法，该方法在复合材料结构有限元分析的基础上对复合材料结构进行优化设计。在建立有限元模型时应用了区域划分技术，然后对结构分两级进行优化：第一级是对结构的铺层角度进行优化。第二级对结构的铺层厚度进行优化。最后，以工字梁结构为例，进行了算法验证。     

通过聚集探测SAR图像中的动目标

本文介绍的是一种在合成孔径雷达（SAR）图像中探测动目标的方法。这种方法是将SAR复图像分成若干分区，分别对各个分区进行聚焦，然后测量聚焦区域中锐度的增长情况，这种方法能敏锐地检测到目标的方位速度，对目标径向加速度的检测尤为敏锐，还能对任意方向的运动进行检测，对于只能检测快速运动目标径向速度的传统多普勒传感动目标指示器而言，这种方法是一种有效的补充。     

MARS专家系统开发环境简介

介绍了ＭＡＲＳ专家系统组成和主要功能特点，推广应用前景和适用范围，目前的推广应用情况，用ＭＡＲＳ建造专家系统的过程和ＭＡＲＳ运行的环境要求，最后介绍了用ＭＡＲＳ开发的几个专家系统的情况。     

Production of neutrons from interactions of GCR-like particles

In order to help assess the risk to astronauts due to the long-term exposure to the natural radiation environment in space, an understanding of how the primary radiation field is changed when passing through shielding and tissue materials must be obtained. One important aspect of the change in the primary radiation field after passing through shielding materials is the production of secondary particles from the breakup of the primary. Neutrons are an important component of the secondary particle field due to their relatively high biological weighting factors, and due to their relative abundance, especially behind thick shielding scenarios. Because of the complexity of the problem, the estimation of the risk from exposure to the secondary neutron field must be handled using calculational techniques. However, those calculations will need an extensive set of neutron cross section and thicktarget neutron yield data in order to make an accurate assessment of the risk. In this paper we briefly survey the existing neutron-production data sets that are applicable to the space radiation transport problem, and we point out how neutron production from protons is different than neutron production from heavy ions. We also make comparisons of one the heavy-ion data sets with Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (BUU) calculations.     

Effect of weightlessness on posture and movement control during a whole body reaching task

Here are reported preliminary results of the “Synergy” experiment performed aboard the Russian orbital station “MIR” in July 1993 (Altaïr Mission). The experiment was carried out before, during, and after the space flight of two astronauts (S1 and S2). The duration of the flight was 21 days for S1 and 6 month for S2. The subjects were tested during preflight, inflight and postflight. The astronaut subjects were fixed on the ground by the feet. They were asked to pick up a box in front of them on the ground. Two velocities of movement and two distances of the target to be reached were tested. The movement of several small markers placed on the body was recorded on video tape.

Results show that the shape of head and hand trajectories in the sagittal plane remains roughly the same during the flight in spite of the modification of mechanical constraints. Trajectory invariance does not result in joint angular displacement invariance. These data indicate that the planning of the movement takes place in terms of head and hand trajectories rather than joint rotations as it was previously suggested for simple arm reaching movement.