国际贸易中标准问题解决方略的研究

国际贸易中的标准问题是产生贸易壁垒的一个很重要的方面,世贸组织虽然为解决这一问题做出了一些规定,采取了一些措施,但是实际效果并不好,很多的成员国并没遵守有关的规则,兑现各自的承诺。而且随着世界经济区域集团化,各种区域性标准在对内起到保护作用的同时,对外则建起新的贸易保护障碍。解决国际贸易中的标准问题,应该从两方面着手,一是加强双边合作,二是加强多方位合作。双边合作是解决标准问题直接而有效的途径,随着贸易的全球化发展,标准统一化是最终的趋势。     

Developing countries and remote sensing: how intergovernmental factors impede progress

Developing countries lag significantly behind more advanced nations in the local adoption and application of satellite remote sensing technology. Narrowing this gap through appropriate international cooperation is, however, often constrained by national interests and priorities. The paper presents an overview of several of these inter-governmental constraints using as its main basis the outcomes of recent regional and international conferences hosted by the United Nations. Future enhancement of international cooperation in remote sensing will occur best within settings where both developing and technologically advanced countries are sensitive and responsive to each other's concerns.     

International cooperation in assuring continuity of environmental satellite data

In the 25 years since the launch of the first weather satellite, meteorological observations from space have become an essential part of weather forecasting and global environmental monitoring. Beginning in the 1970s, constrained national budgets and the need for a coordinated approach to global satellite observing have caused satellite operators to pursue international cooperation to assure the continuity and compatibility of these systems. This article reviews current bilateral and multilateral cooperation and technical coordination in environmental satellite activities. It also explores the potential for alternative institutional arrangements for maintaining the continuity of environmental satellite data in the decades to come.     

国外气象卫星发展及其趋势

综观27年气象卫星发展历程,展望未来13年前景,气象卫星的发展具有三多(多波段、多层次、多国别),三性(综合性、国际性、规范性)的特点,以保证所得资料具有连续性、可靠性和通用性。     

试论高职院校对企业文化资源的利用

如何充分利用企业资源,有效开展工学结合、产学合作是各高职院校共同面临的课题和任务。就企业文化资源在高职院校办学和教育教学改革过程中的独特性及高职院校如何利用企业文化资源来培养技术技能型人才问题,作一些初步的分析和论述,希望引起教育研究者的思考和各类办学主体的重视。     

IGS电离层产品在双向时间频率传递中的应用

利用IGS组织提供的全球电离层资料对卫星双向时间频率传递中的电离层误差进行修正。IGS提供特定时刻、固定经纬度网格点上的电离层总电子含量。对该电离层资料首先进行空间四点网格内插,然后利用双线性内插得到电离层穿刺点所需时刻的总电子含量,最后将得到电离层数据经过处理用于双向时间频率传递修正。结果表明：电离层对C波段的影响在（0～0.5）ns范围内,这对亚纳秒量级的时间比对是必须考虑的。IGS提供的电离层产品适合应用于双向时间频率传递,具有方法简单、准确度高和价格低廉等特点。     

A new global version of M(3000)F2 prediction model based on artificial neural networks

A new version of global empirical model for the ionospheric propagation factor, M(3000)F2 prediction is presented. Artificial neural network (ANN) technique was employed by considering the relevant geophysical input parameters which are known to influence the M(3000)F2 parameter. This new version is an update to the previous neural network based M(3000)F2 global model developed by Oyeyemi et al. (2007), and aims to address the inadequacy of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) M(3000)F2 model (the International Radio Consultative Committee (CCIR) M(3000)F2 model). The M(3000)F2 has been found to be relatively inaccurate in representing the diurnal structure of the low latitude region and the equatorial ionosphere. In particular, the existing hmF2 IRI model is unable to reproduce the sharp post-sunset drop in M(3000)F2 values, which correspond to a sharp post-sunset peak in the peak height of the F2 layer, hmF2. Data from 80 ionospheric stations globally, including a good number of stations in the low latitude region were considered for this work. M(3000)F2 hourly values from 1987 to 2008, spanning all periods of low and high solar activity were used for model development and verification process. The ability of the new model to predict the M(3000)F2 parameter especially in the low latitude and equatorial regions, which is known to be problematic for the existing IRI model is demonstrated.     

资源约束条件下舰艇编队多智能体协作规划

从分析舰艇编队对海作战的流程出发,在决策过程中引入多智能体系统(MAS,Multi-Agent System)理论,建立了编队协同反舰作战Agent模型.针对舰艇编队Agent协作规划过程中受资源约束产生资源占用冲突的问题,建立一种主从式结构多Agent协作规划模型,并提出一种集中与分布规划相结合的MAS协作规划方法.仿真实例表明:该方法可有效实现作战编队各Agent之间的协作与协调,保证舰艇编队在满足资源约束条件下实现预期战术目标.      

基于人机合作的无人机实时航迹规划

针对复杂多变的战场环境,无人机(UAV)在执行任务遇到突发威胁时,提出了一种人机合作的实时航迹规划方法。由人决策和分析威胁信息,给出规避方向和任务紧急程度,无人机据此采用模糊推理的方法,自主解算得到引导点的位置,牵引无人机改变航向,规避突发威胁。仿真结果表明,采用人机合作的实时航迹规划可以将人的智能决策和无人机的快速计算能力有机结合起来,规划更加优化的航迹,能动态调整引导点的位置,可根据任务的紧急程度灵活选择规避路径。