Aiming at a 1-cm Orbit for Low Earth Orbiters: Reduced-Dynamic and Kinematic Precise Orbit Determination

The computation of high-accuracy orbits is a prerequisite for the success of Low Earth Orbiter (LEO) missions such as CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE. The mission objectives of these satellites cannot be reached without computing orbits with an accuracy at the few cm level. Such a level of accuracy might be achieved with the techniques of reduced-dynamic and kinematic precise orbit determination (POD) assuming continuous Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking (SST) by the Global Positioning System (GPS). Both techniques have reached a high level of maturity and have been successfully applied to missions in the past, for example to TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P), leading to (sub-)decimeter orbit accuracy. New LEO gravity missions are (to be) equipped with advanced GPS receivers promising to provide very high quality SST observations thereby opening the possibility for computing cm-level accuracy orbits. The computation of orbits at this accuracy level does not only require high-quality GPS receivers, but also advanced and demanding observation preprocessing and correction algorithms. Moreover, sophisticated parameter estimation schemes need to be adapted and extended to allow the computation of such orbits. Finally, reliable methods need to be employed for assessing the orbit quality and providing feedback to the different processing steps in the orbit computation process. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

崎岖地形中关节式月球车姿态估计数值求解方法

 以被动关节式地形自适应月球车为研究对象,融合关节机器人D-H坐标建模方法构建了月球车悬架运动学模型和以侧倾、俯仰和偏转角表示姿态的欧拉角方式建立了车轮到世界坐标系的悬架完整表达模型。利用悬架完整表达模型,用带有迭代因子的连续迭代和离散迭代数值求解方法,建立了光滑和离散崎岖地形姿态估计算法。最后以8轮扭杆双摇杆摇臂月球车原理样机为例来验证此模型求解方法。仿真结果验证了所建立的基于数值方法的崎岖地形被动关节式月球车姿态估计模型的正确性,其求解模型精度能够满足仿真要求。     

A CFD-based numerical virtual flight simulator and its application in control law design of a maneuverable missile model

A CFD-based Numerical Virtual Flight (NVF) simulator is presented, which integrates an unsteady flow solver on moving hybrid grids, a Rigid-Body Dynamics (RBD) solver and a module of the Flight Control System (FCS). A technique of dynamic hybrid grids is developed to control the active control surfaces with body morphing, with a technique of parallel unstructured dynamic overlapping grids generating proper moving grids over the deflecting control surfaces (e.g. the afterbody rudders of a missile). For the flow/kinematic coupled problems, the 6 Degree-Of-Freedom (DOF) equations are solved by an explicit or implicit method coupled with the URANS CFD solver. The module of the control law is explicitly coupled into the NVF simulator and then improved by the simulation of the pitching maneuver process of a maneuverable missile model. A nonlinear dynamic inversion method is then implemented to design the control law for the pitching process of the maneuverable missile model. Simulations and analysis of the pitching maneuver process are carried out by the NVF simulator to improve the flight control law. Higher control response performance is obtained by adjusting the gain factors and adding an integrator into the control loop.     

关于工业机器人运动学反问题的两种解法

本文发展了求解工业机器人运动学反问题的两种新方法:几何法和迭代法,分别适用于可解和不可解工业机器人的工作空间综合。     

Stifness modeling and analysis of a novel 4-DOF PKM for manufacturing large components

Faster response to orientation varying is one of the outstanding abilities of a parallel kinematic machine（PKM）.It enables such a system to act as a reconfgurable module employed to machine large components effciently.The stiffness formulation and analysis are the beforehand key tasks for its parameters design.A novel PKM with four degrees of freedom（DOFs）is proposed in this paper.The topology behind it is 2PUS-2PRS parallel mechanism.Its semianalytical stiffness model is frstly obtained,where the generalized Jacobian matrix of 2PUS-2PRS is formulated with the help of the screw theory and the stiffness coeffcients of complicated components are estimated by integrating fnite element analysis and numerical ftting.Under the help of the model,it is predicted that the property of system stiffness distributes within the given workspace,which features symmetry about a certain plane and is also verifed by performing fnite element analysis of the virtual prototype.Furthermore,key parameters affecting the system stiffness are identifed through sensitivity analysis.These provide insights for further optimization design of this PKM.     

三轴陀螺稳定平台伺服回路全姿态解耦及变增益控制方法

在载体大机动飞行背景下,要求惯性平台具备全姿态的功能。国内现有的三轴陀螺稳定平台（简称三轴平台）不具备全姿态的功能,在内框架增加了限位挡钉以限制内框架角的工作范围,主要是基于内框架角不能工作在接近于?90?的认识。为了准确描述全姿态条件下三轴平台的运动规律,本文指出了传统动力学推导过程中的不足之处,重新建立了三轴平台的动力学模型,基于该模型给出了非奇异的全姿态伺服回路并提出了一种新的全姿态解耦方法,包括力矩解耦和转动惯量解耦。最后,针对转动惯量在框架转动过程中非定值的问题,提出了基于H∞控制理论的变增益控制策略。仿真结果表明,变增益控制器相对定常参数控制器可显著改善三轴平台伺服回路控制的性能。     

冲压空气涡轮释放过程运动学分析

冲压空气涡轮作为飞机上的应急能源,能在出现紧急情况时提供电能,保证飞机上电传操控和电子设备的正常工作。本文以冲压空气涡轮为研究对象,基于机械运动原理对系统模型进行了简化,基于刚体假设,结合MATLAB软件从理论上研究结构在释放过程中的运动学问题。给出了冲压空气涡轮系统释放过程中各个关节空间位置的理论求解方法,得到了关节在空间中的运动轨迹和对应的速度时间曲线、加速度时间曲线,结果表明:冲压空气涡轮系统的释放过程在1 s以内,释放速度较快,且各关节在释放初始阶段速度、加速度响应较大。本文的工作可为后期不同冲压空气涡轮系统构型的初步设计提供理论依据,指导冲压空气涡轮释放的仿真计算和试验。     

适用于准同步CDMA系统的新型扩频序列集

在准同步CDMA系统中,使用零相关区域(ZCZ)序列能够避免共信道冲突和多址干扰。应用序列偶理论,定义一种新形式的扩频序列集———ZCZ序列偶集合,并介绍一种构造ZCZ序列偶集合的迭代方法。     

液压泵摩擦副可靠性设计基本方法研究

阐述了液压泵摩擦副可靠性分析及设计的基本步骤和原则。作为实例,文中给出了滑靴耐磨可靠性设计所采用的（pv）应力模型新方法。     

Chaboche随动硬化模型参数确定及棘轮效应

采用遗传算法确定不同Chaboche随动硬化模型的参数,得到的3种模型中,四分量模型对棘轮的预测与试验结果符合最好.增大应力幅值或应力平均值,都会使应变峰值增大,应变累积速度加快;利用确定的四分量模型研究加载顺序对棘轮的影响.结果表明,平均应力加载顺序对棘轮预测有较大影响,加载顺序高-低的累积应变低于加载顺序低-高的累积应变,而且先加载的平均应力越大,后加载的载荷产生的累积应变越小;而应力幅值加载顺序对应变累积几乎没有影响.