中国航天科工二院二○三所

正材料电磁参数测量可开展基于平板电容法、同轴/波导传输线法、准光腔法、介质谐振器法、自由空间法等的材料电磁参数测量服务,测量频率覆盖1 MHz~110GHz,能够用于校准测试各种透波材料和吸波材料的反射率、透波率、介电常数和损耗角正切等。可根据用户需求定制介电常数测量装置。     

接触角法测玄武岩及玻璃纤维表面能实验

通过Wilhelmy吊片法测试液体与玄武岩、玻璃纤维单丝的前进接触角,应用OWRK理论计算得到纤维表面能及其色散与极性分量.实验研究表明:未经表面处理的玄武岩纤维表面能高于S-2玻璃纤维,去除浸润剂后2种纤维表面能的极性分量均明显降低,并且测试液体的极性分量对纤维表面能的测试结果影响甚大.分析结果为纤维与树脂的表面张力合理匹配、形成良好界面浸润和粘接提供了理论依据.      

大型星载Ku波段波导缝隙阵列天线 ——宽频带设计及热变形分析

高度计波导缝隙阵列天线是高增益、低副瓣天线子系统, 其宽频带、窄波 束等特点对天线设计将提出较高要求. 天线阵面较大, 在空间环境冷热交替 的作用下会发生形变, 因此, 有必要研究形变对天线电性能的影响. 本文采 用天线阵分区馈电、波导中心馈电以及加载元件等技术, 解决了天线宽频带 设计问题, 并针对热变形问题, 提出一种分析天线热变形对其电性能影响的 新方法. 现已加工出8×10阵列天线实验件, 实测结果表明, 1.3以下 驻波带宽为340MHz, E面副瓣电平为-25.9dB, H面副瓣电平 为-27.2dB, 满足实际要求, 验证了设计方法的有效性.      

改性聚酰亚胺复合材料的电导机理分析

首先,选用半导电的微米级和纳米级改性剂粉料对玻璃布补强聚酰亚胺基复合材料进行改性.共制备了5种试样,其中包括4种使用无碱玻璃布补强的聚酰亚胺试样,分别是未改性、纳米改性、微米改性和微/纳米改性和一种使用微碱玻璃布补强的试样.其次,研究改性剂粒径和玻璃布含碱量对复合材料介电性能及电导率特性的影响.试验结果表明改性剂粒径对复合材料的介电性能影响不显著,但是微米粒径的改性剂能显著提高复合材料的体电导率并赋予复合材料一定的非线性电导率特性,而纳米粒径的改性剂会小量地降低复合材料的电导率.与无碱玻璃布补强的试样相比,采用微碱玻璃布改性和补强的复合材料试样有较高的非线性电导阈值电场.      

中国航天科工二院二○三所

正材料电磁参数测量可开展基于平板电容法、同轴/波导传输线法、准光腔法、介质谐振器法、自由空间法等的材料电磁参数测量服务,测量频率覆盖1MHz～110GHz,能够用于校准测试各种透波材料和吸波材料的反射率、透波率、介电常数和损耗角正切等。可根据用户需求定制介电常数测量装置。极化栅网极化栅网由一组平行金属丝在同一平面内等间距排列而成,对极化方向与之平行的电磁波反射,对极化方向与之垂直的电磁波透射。在微波毫米波至太赫兹频段应用广泛,在微波遥感、雷达系统、准光测量等领域中极化栅网用作波束合成/分离器、极化     

微珠提高玻纤/环氧树脂抗原子氧剥蚀的研究

采用一种新的抗原子氧剥蚀技术来提高航天器用玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料抗原子氧剥蚀的性能,即在玻璃纤维/环氧树脂中加入不与原子氧反应的超细空心微珠颗粒制备出能抗原子氧剥蚀的复合材料.通过对空心微珠/玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的制备和原子氧剥蚀效应地面模拟试验,发现空心微珠的加入可以有效提高玻璃纤维/环氧树脂抗原子氧剥蚀的性能,在60 h的原子氧试验中,加有空心微珠的复合材料的原子氧剥蚀率可以减小到未添加空心微珠材料时的11％.      

电磁兼容测量天线系数温度误差修正方法

为减小外场环境温度的影响,提高电磁兼容性(EMC)测试设备的测量精度,提出了一种电磁兼容测量天线系数温度误差修正方法.首先,根据1m距离两天线校准原理,理论推导了近场情况下采用透波材料制作的温控装置对接收天线接收特性的影响,结合仿真分析与试验结果,验证了使用温控装置带来的测试误差可控制在允许的范围内.然后,在此基础上,通过实际测试获得了典型天线的天线系数随温度的变化规律及误差修正曲面.最后,采用对比标准条件下和开阔试验场条件下的测试结果的方法来验证该方法的有效性.结果表明,在保证测量精度的前提下,通过天线系数温度误差修正,可将天线的使用环境温度扩展到-40~+50℃,进而减小外场试验测试误差.适用于双锥、对数周期和双脊喇叭等天线的天线系数温度误差修正.      

高性能纳米复合薄膜制备及其非线性光学性质研究

介孔薄膜是介孔材料中的一种重要材料形式.根据介孔基纳米复合薄膜制备科学及非线性光学性能研究现状,基于相似相容原理、离子交换、无电沉积、电沉积、沉积-沉淀等新方法设计在介孔薄膜中实现金属与半导体纳米粒子高效及高分散性组装的系列结果,重点分析了合成纳米复合薄膜材料的非线性光学性质,研究了外场环境,特别是强磁场条件下的热处理过程对纳米金负载介孔基纳米复合薄膜结构与非线性光学性质的影响.      

碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料弹性常数测量

为研究粉末冶金制备的碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料(SiCp/Al)中SiCp含量对材料机械性能的影响,使用弹性波法测量了SiCp含量不同的标准试样的弹性常数矩阵.利用Christoffel方程建立了横观各向同性材料波速与弹性常数之间的关系,介绍了水浸斜入射法测量准横波和准纵波波速的基本原理和测量过程,基于上述原理进行了试验,计算出了被测试件的弹性常数.结果表明,SiCp/Al沿挤压方向的机械性能最高,并且随着SiCp含量的增加,弹性常数变大,材料的强度升高.     

缝隙宽度对频率选择表面透波特性的影响

从物理本质上分析了频率选择表面FSS(Frequency Selective Surfaces)单元的缝隙宽度对FSS平板透波特性的影响.FSS平板单元的缝隙越宽,则单元的谐振波长缩短就越多,谐振频率也随之升高.利用Floquet定理,计算分析了缝隙宽度对FSS平板透波特性的影响;采用蚀刻技术加工FSS平板小矩形缝隙单元.实验测试的结果表明,缝隙宽度变大时,谐振频率升高,同时,FSS平板的透波率和谐振带宽变大.实验数据与计算结果在误差允许的范围内基本一致.      

一组新的四元数轨道要素建模方法

针对传统以欧拉角为参数的轨道要素的奇异性、不确定性以及计算效率低等问题,提出了一种新的四元数轨道要素。建立了新轨道要素与经典轨道要素,以及新轨道要素与惯性系下位置、速度的相互转换关系,推导了基于新轨道要素的高斯摄动方程。以J₂项摄动下的轨道推演为例进行仿真验证,结果表明新轨道要素不仅在圆轨道与赤道平面轨道处不存在奇异性和不确定性,而且由于新轨道要素不涉及三角函数运算,新高斯摄动方程积分效率和计算精度明显提高。     

航空用国产碳纤维/双马树脂复合材料湿热特性

针对1种航空用国产T700级碳纤维和4种双马树脂（QY9611、5429、QY9512、QY8911-4），采用3种湿热条件（100℃水煮、70℃水浸、70℃/85%相对湿度）对其复合材料单向层板进行湿热处理，通过研究吸湿量、扩散系数、显微结构、化学成分、耐热温度及力学性能，分析了复合材料的湿热特性。结果表明，4种复合材料在3种湿热条件下的吸湿行为均符合Fick第二扩散定律，100℃水煮时平衡吸湿量和扩散系数最大，70℃/85%相对湿度时两者最小。4种复合材料吸湿速度有明显区别，这与其原材料形式和成型工艺不同有关。湿热处理未导致复合材料内部产生损伤和化学变化，主要引起增塑效应，导致玻璃化转变温度降低。复合材料的90°拉伸性能测试结果表明，高温和吸湿耦合作用下复合材料力学性能衰减更为明显，破坏模式由基体开裂转变为界面脱黏和开裂。      

光纤陀螺中保偏光纤60 Co辐照效应及光褪色特性

从光纤陀螺空间应用的角度出发,利用60Co辐照源模拟空间辐照,对光纤陀螺中的主要部件保偏光纤环进行了不同剂量率的辐照实验,得到了保偏光纤的辐照效应.并且利用大功率半导体激光器对保偏光纤环进行了光褪色实验.实验证明,辐照条件下,保偏光纤损耗增加;剂量率越大,损耗增加越快;总剂量越大,损耗越大;采用大功率半导体激光器对保偏光纤环进行光褪色,可以减缓辐照环境下光纤的损耗增加量,而且激光器功率越大,光褪色效果越明显,可将其用到光纤陀螺中作为其空间应用的抗辐射加固措施.      

复合材料的冲击吸能与动态黏弹特性

考察了玻璃纤维、炭纤维、芳纶和UHMWPE纤维复合材料(分别称为GFRP,CFRP,AFRP和DFRP)层板的低速冲击吸能,并采用高载动态热机械分析仪EPLEXOR500分析了其纤维复丝的动态黏弹性的载荷敏感性.结果表明:冲击吸能明显受纤维性能及层板破坏模式的影响,呈韧性破坏的AFRP和DFRP的冲击吸能明显高于呈脆性破坏的GFRP和CFRP.在动态热机械分析中,静载增大使得储能模量升高但损耗角正切减小,动载增大时正好相反,且在这些影响中有机纤维复丝动态黏弹性较无机纤维复丝表现出更显著的载荷敏感性和非线性.4种层板的吸能大小与其纤维复丝储能模量载荷敏感性的强弱以及损耗角正切大小的顺序相同:DFRP>AFRP>GFRP>CFRP,反映出材料宏观冲击性能与表征其微观结构特征的黏弹性能的相关性.      

Study of complex dielectric properties of lunar simulants and comparison with Apollo samples at microwave frequencies

Laboratory characterization of dielectric properties of terrestrial analogues of lunar soil (JSC-1A) and comparison with lunar samples returned from various Apollo missions is made at different as well as normalized bulk density. Here measurements of dielectric constants and losses were made at four microwave frequencies such as 1.7 GHz, 2.5 GHz, 6.6 GHz and 31.6 GHz. Complex permittivity of lunar simulant was measured at temperature ranging from −190 °C to + 200 °C using Wave-Guide cell method. Comparison of permittivity of JSC-1A with Apollo sample also has been done at similar microwave frequencies. The investigations reveal that dielectric constant and loss factor of terrestrial analogues of lunar soil are temperature dependent. As temperature is gradually increased both these parameter (storage factor and loss factor) also gradually increases. These temperatures were chosen because the Moon undergoes at that extremes level of temperature. It is scorching heat at 110 °C during the day and freezing cold at −180 °C during night. The measured value of ε can be useful for designing passive as well as active sensors.     

低速冲击下碳/玻混杂复合材料红外辐射特征

碳/玻混杂复合材料在工业应用中表现出巨大的应用潜力。基于红外热像法试验研究了碳/玻混杂复合材料层压板与2种非混杂材料低速冲击下的红外辐射特征。通过目视、超声C扫描和光学显微镜等方法确定冲击后层压板的损伤模式,分析热图序列的时序变化特征和温度分布特征,从而表征冲击过程中的热耗散效应。结果表明：红外热成像技术非常适合监测低速冲击下纤维增强复合材料的损伤过程,通过热图序列可以建立起监测特征与各损伤模式之间的联系;同时发现碳/玻纤维的层间混杂可有效提升碳纤维强基复合材料（CFRP）的抗分层能力,随着冲击能量增加其抗分层能力愈加明显,冲击后的碳/玻混杂复合材料兼具较大的表面损伤和较小的分层损伤,拥有较好的损伤容限。     

Induction of genomic instability after an acute whole-body exposure of mice to Fe ions

The purpose of this study was to evaluate dose–response relationships for the in vivo induction of micronuclei (MN) as a measure of both initial radiation damage and the induction of genomic instability. These measurements were made in mouse blood erythrocytes as a function of radiation dose, radiation quality, time after irradiation, and the genetic background of exposed individuals. Blood samples were collected from two strains of mouse (CBA/CaJ and C57BL/6J) at different times up to 3 months following a whole-body exposure to various doses of 1 GeV/amu ⁵⁶Fe ions (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 Gy, at the dose rate of a 1 Gy/min) or ¹³⁷Cs gamma rays (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0 Gy, at the dose rate of 0.72 Gy/min). Blood-smear slides were stained with acridine orange (AO). The frequencies of MN were measured in mature normochromatic-erythrocytes (MN-NCEs) and in immature polychromatic-erythrocytes (MN-PCEs). Effects of both types of radiation on erythropoiesis were also evaluated. As a measure of cell progression delay, a dose-dependent decrease in numbers of PCEs was observed at day 2 post-exposure in both strains, regardless of radiation quality. Subsequently, the levels of PCEs increased in all exposed mice, reaching control levels (or higher) by day 7 post-exposure. Further, at day 2 after the exposure, there was no increase in the frequency of MN-PCEs in CBA/CaJ mice exposed to ⁵⁶Fe ions while the frequency of MN-PCEs elevated as a function of dose in the C57BL/6J mice. At day 4, there was no dose related increase in MN-NCEs in either strain of mouse exposed to ¹³⁷Cs gamma rays. Additionally, at the early sacrifice times (days 2 and 4), ⁵⁶Fe ions were slightly more effective (per unit dose) in inducing MN-NCEs than ¹³⁷Cs gamma rays in CBA/CaJ mice. However, there was no increase in the frequency of MN-NCEs at late times after an acute exposure to either type of radiation. In contrast, both types of radiation induced increased MN-PCEs frequencies in irradiated CBA/CaJ mice, but not C57BL/6J mice, at late times post-exposure. This finding indicates the potential induction of genomic instability in hematopoietic cells of CBA/CaJ mice by both types of radiation. The finding also demonstrates the influence of genetic background on radiation-induced genomic instability in vivo.     

Nuclear fragmentation database for GCR transport code development

A critical need for NASA is the ability to accurately model the transport of heavy ions in the Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) through matter, including spacecraft walls, equipment racks, etc. Nuclear interactions are of great importance in the GCR transport problem, as they can cause fragmentation of the incoming ion into lighter ions. Since the radiation dose delivered by a particle is proportional to the square of (charge/velocity), fragmentation reduces the dose delivered by incident ions. The other mechanism by which dose can be reduced is ionization energy loss, which can lead to some particles stopping in the shielding. This is the conventional notion of shielding, but it is not applicable to human spaceflight since the particles in the GCR tend to be too energetic to be stopped in the relatively thin shielding that is possible within payload mass constraints. Our group has measured a large number of fragmentation cross sections, intended to be used as input to, or for validation of, NASA’s radiation transport models. A database containing over 200 charge-changing cross sections and over 2000 fragment production cross sections has been compiled. In this report, we examine in detail the contrast between fragment measurements at large acceptance and small acceptance. We use output from the PHITS Monte Carlo code to test our assumptions using as an example ⁴⁰Ar data (and simulated data) at a beam energy of 650 MeV/nucleon. We also present preliminary analysis in which isotopic resolution was attained for beryllium fragments produced by beams of ¹⁰B and ¹¹B. Future work on the experimental data set will focus on extracting and interpreting production cross sections for light fragments.