宁强碳质球粒陨石基质及暗色边化学成份研究

采用仪器中子活化方法分析了宁强碳质球粒陨石基质及暗色边化学成份。结果表明,宁强陨石的基质比全岩富集轻稀土和亲硫元素,并大致具有与Allende陨石基质相似的稀土特征。暗色边与陨石基质的差别在于:前者富FeO而贫难熔元素。推测陨石基质与暗色边物质来源于太阳星云不同区域。与形成暗色边有关的突发性事件可能曾多次在太阳星云的不同区域中发生。     

几种主要陨石类型的Hugoniot参数

根据各类陨石的模式化学组成或矿物组成,采用比容叠加法计算了铁陨石,ＥＨ和ＥＬ群顽辉石球粒陨石,Ｈ,Ｌ和ＬＬ群普通球粒陨石这几种主要陨石类型的Ｈｕｇｏｎｉｏｔ参数,计算结果与已表的同灰型陨石的冲击波压缩数据一致。     

清镇陨石（EH3）中陨硫钙石的REE微量元素及成因意义

本文运用INAA分析了14个清镇陨石中陨硫钙石单矿物颗粒的难熔元素(La、Ce、Sm、Eu、Yb、Lu、Ca、Sc、Hf和Th),挥发性元素(Na、Cr、Zn、Se、Br等)和亲铁元素(Fe、Ni、Co、Ir、Au、As)含量。结果表明陨硫钙石高度富集难熔亲石元素,是顽火辉石陨石中REE的主要载体,携带了约80％的全岩REE总量。相对于HREE,LREE有更大的富集程度,而且早期凝聚的颗粒较晚期凝聚的颗粒更富集REE,同时陨硫钙石富集挥发性元素Se、Br等。清镇陨硫钙石的微量元素特征揭示了它来自于太阳星云的高温凝聚特征和成因。     

清镇顽火辉石球粒陨石（EH3）的反射光谱特征

本文测定了清镇高铁群3型非平衡顽火辉石球粒陨石(EH3)的可见和近红外反射光谱,发现其反射光谱既不同于显示Ni、Fe金属光谱特征的EH4(Abee)顽火辉石球粒陨石,也不同于显示陨硫铁光谱特征的EH5型和EL6型平衡顽火辉石球粒陨石.清镇陨石独特的反射光谱特征可能是由于其铁纹石粒子表面存在光学厚度的吸积薄膜.吸积薄膜物质很可能是与铁纹石密切共生的陨硅磷镍铁矿,也可能是它与硫化矿物的混合物.在清镇陨石中,含吸积薄膜的铁纹石粒子可能具有很低的氧逸度,它们极易被大气氧化而失去原有的反射光谱特征.文中讨论了EH3、EH4、EH5和EL6型顽火辉石球粒陨石具有不同反射光谱特征的宇宙化学机理.     

十块中国球粒陨石元素丰度特征研究

利用仪器中子活化分析方法,对宁强、随州、枣阳、南通、肇东、广南、东台、清镇、武安、导河等陨石进行了多元素分析测定.给出了近40种元素含量结果.并对各类球粒陨石微量元素丰度特征、REE丰度特征以及宁强陨石元素丰度特征进行了讨论.     

我国九个球粒陨石化学组成的研究

在球粒陨石化学组成的研究中,经过试验我们建立了测定各化学元素的分析流程,测定了九个球粒陨石样品中各元素的含量,根据测定结果论证了它们各自所属的化学群、氧化还原趋势以及某些共同特征。     

云南潞南陨石的穆斯堡尔谱研究

本文分析和讨论了潞南陨石的穆斯堡尔谱的测量结果.实验数据表明,潞南陨石属于普里阿-马逊分类中的平衡的橄榄石-古铜辉石球粒陨石.      

庄河、光明山陨石的岩石矿物学研究

庄河陨石和光明山陨石是两个降落于同一地区的Ｈ５型普通球粒陨石．根据两辉石温度计求出这两个陨石的平衡温度＜ ５００℃；根据镍纹石的带宽与组成关系，获得光明山陨石在其母体中的冷却速率约为 １０－１０℃／Ｍａ，而庄河陨石中普遍出现均一的四方镍纹石表明其冷却速率更低．光明山陨石的冲击变质特征以硅酸盐颗粒破碎为主，其冲击相为Ｓ１；庄河陨石中硅酸盐矿物具明显的波状消光，并存在细小的冲击熔融脉，其冲击相划分为Ｓ２．     

H型球粒陨石TL灵敏度与冲击相和钾含量的研究

测定了坠落在我国武安、枣阳、信阳等地的10个H型球粒陨石的热释光(TL)灵敏度、自然热释光峰温和峰半高宽温度,同时对它们的K含量进行了测定.将测得的H型球粒陨石的TL灵敏度与它们的钾含量和所属冲击相进行比较.结果表明,H型球粒陨石的TL灵敏度与其钾含量和冲击相之间存在着规律性的关系.      

安徽亳县陨石的热释光研究

毫县陨石于1977年10月20日下午2时30分左右降落于安徽亳县张沃公社吝子门大队.陨石表面灰黑色,有0.5mm厚的烧蚀层,具有明显的球粒结构.已查明[1]该陨石的透明矿物有镁橄榄石、贵橄榄石、透铁橄榄石、古铜辉石、顽火辉石、斜顽辉石、顽火透辉石、易变辉石、斜长石、正长石、白磷钙矿、石英、黑云母、白云母、方解石、刚玉等;不透明矿物有陨硫铁、铁纹石、镍纹石、铬铁矿、镁铁尖晶石、钛铁矿、镍黄铁矿、石墨、磁铁矿、方铁矿、自然铜和张衡矿等.经研究[1]该陨石的化学-岩石类型为LL₄,属于平衡球粒陨石.      

亳县球粒陨石化学组成的研究

本文报道了安徽毫县球粒陨石的化学全分析结果及主要的化学参数,并对陨石中金属铁和陨硫铁的不同测定方法进行了研究及结果比较。根据球粒陨石的分类原则,毫县陨石属LL化学群。      

球粒陨石中单球粒硅含量测定及其意义

本工作采用14MeV中子活化分析方法,测定了20个单球粒及全岩的硅含量.结果表明:E、H、L、LL群石陨石中单球的硅含量均高于全岩的硅含量;全岩硅含量,按E、H、L、LL的次序,有逐步增高的趋势;非磁性单球硅含量,在普通球粒陨石中,按H、L、LL次序逐步增高.单球中硅含量高于全岩,间接证明凝聚形成球粒稍早于基质.      

安徽亳县球粒陨石的铅同位素研究

本文报道了安徽亳县LL4型球粒陨石的全岩、球粒、橄榄石、辉石和陨硫铁的铅同位素比值,以及上述部分样品的铀、钍、铅的含量.由陨石的铅-铅等时线求得的年龄为45.3±0.2亿年,这是安徽陨石母体的形成年龄.而南安徽陨石的内部等时线求得的年龄为44.4±0.2亿年,此年龄暗示着安徽陨石母体在形成后的大约1亿年以前产生过局部或全部的熔融.从安徽陨石的铀-铅一致曲线图解中得到的上交点年龄为45.4±0.2亿年,此与陨石母体形成的铅-铅年龄一致.而下交点的年龄为4亿年,这可能意味着在较近期内安徽陨石又经历了一次热扰动(如热冲击).全岩、球粒和陨硫铁都呈现出过剩的放射性成因铅,这与陨石经受过热事件有关.      

吉林陨石的熔融实验研究及其在地球化学中的应用

组成地球的初始物质很可能是IAB铁陨石及H群球粒陨石,非均匀吸积形成地球以后,除由岩浆分异作用使幔中金属-硫化物下沉到原始地核外,在还原条件下还有部分Fe是由橄榄石中的FeO还原为Fe0而提供的并加入于地核内.对于大的陨石母体,由于内部加热或其表面受冲击加热而发生熔融和岩浆分异,导致形成某些铁陨石及无球粒陨石或7型岩石类型的球粒岩石.实验产物中的Fe-Ni-S相可作为判别宇宙球粒的标志之一.      

Prospecting in glaciated terrain-integrating airborne and Landsat MSS

The effects of a glacially enriched zone of trace elements on soils and vegetation in the Thetford Mines area of Quebec were investigated using ground information plus digital Multispectral Scanner (MSS) data from airborne and Landsat sensors. The enriched zone was developed during the last glaciation when a southeastward flowing glacier eroded and dispersed an ultrabasic outcrop that had anomalous levels of Ni, Cu, Co, Cr, Mg and Fe.The dispersal train of enriched trace elements was detectable over an area at least 70 × 15 km ‘down-ice’ from the outcrop. In this zone total Ni concentrations in the soil ranged from background levels of 10 ppm to levels in excess of 1800 ppm. The dominant tree species, $\text{Abies}$$\text{balsamea}$ (balsam fir) and $\text{Picea glauca}$ (white spruce) reflect the soil anomaly with higher concentrations of trace elements in their tissue and lower concentrations of chlorophyll.An unsupervised enhancement of Landsat imagery showed that a tonal discontinuity was caused by a vegetation segregation related to the heavy metal enrichment soils. A detailed study based on Landsat MSS data was able to establish regional patterns of chlorophyll production by certain plant species closely related to the ultrabasic dispersal train. Multi-channel airborne MSS data confirmed the Landsat soil-plant patterns.     

Measurements of bidirectional reflectance of ordinary chondrite for muses-C in-situ detection

MUSES-C, a Japanese sample return mission, is targeting a small near Earth asteroid, 1998SF36, which is considered an S-type asteroid and is similar in spectroscopy to LL class ordinary chondrite meteorite ([Binzel et al., 2001]). Although this mission will bring us detailed photometric data, that is, disk-resolved bidirectional reflectance data of the asteroid, there were few bidirectional reflectance data of ordinary chondrite meteorites. For the purpose of comparison with the data obtained by the in-situ observation, we have performed measurements of bidirectional reflectance of ordinary chondrite samples.

Here we summarize the result of our laboratory measurements of the bidirectional reflectance and compare them with the scattering property of 1998SF36. Although the geometric albedo of 1998SF36 is higher than the typical value of S-type asteroids, however, the laboratory data of ordinary chondrite are similar to or brighter than the model disk-resolved reflectance of 1998SF36 derived from disk-integrated ground-based data. We found in our laboratory data that there is a positive correlation between the surface roughness and the strength of the opposition effect. A stronger opposition effect in the reflectance of 1998SF36 than the laboratory data may therefore indicate that the surface of the asteroid has rougher structure than our laboratory samples.     

Bioaugmentation in growing plants for lunar bases

Microorganisms may be a key element in a precursory scenario of growing pioneer plants for extraterrestrial exploration. They can be used for plant inoculation to leach nutritional elements from regolith, to alleviate lunar stressors, as well as to decompose both lunar rocks and the plant straw in order to form a protosoil. Bioleaching capacities of both French marigold (Tagetes patula L.) and the associated bacteria in contact with a lunar rock simulant (terrestrial anorthosite) were examined using the model plant-bacteria microcosms under controlled conditions. Marigold accumulated K, Na, Fe, Zn, Ni, and Cr at higher concentrations in anorthosite compared to the podzol soil. Plants inoculated with the consortium of well-defined species of bacteria accumulated higher levels of K, Mg, and Mn, but lower levels of Ni, Cr, Zn, Na, Ca, Fe, which exist at higher levels in anorthosite. Bacteria also affected the Са/Mg and Fe/Mn ratios in the biomass of marigold grown on anorthosite. Despite their growth retardation, the inoculated plants had 15% higher weight on anorthosite than noninoculated plants. The data suggest that the bacteria supplied basic macro-and microelements to the model plant.