中国探月工程

"嫦娥4号"于2019年1月3日成功实现人类航天器首次在月球背面软着陆,"玉兔2号"月球车率先在月背刻上了中国足迹。至今,国际月球探测活动共实施126次,期间出现两个探月高潮。20世纪50—70年代,美苏两个航天大国之间的竞争引起第一轮探月高潮。20世纪末至今,各航天国家意识到月球探测的战略意义,纷纷提出月球探测计划并积极实施,月球成为各国争先探测的热点,掀起第二轮探月热潮。中国自2004年首次绕月探测工程立项实施以来,共开展了"嫦娥1号""嫦娥2号""嫦娥3号""嫦娥4号"及再入返回飞行试验共5次月球探测任务,实现"五战五捷",在空间技术、空间科学与应用、国际合作等方面取得了非凡成就,积累了丰富的经验,后续将继续开展以无人月球科研站为主的月球探测活动。     

嫦娥一号卫星解读

“嫦娥一号”卫星拉开了中国“嫦娥工程”的大幕。如果说“嫦娥工程”中的五大系统谁也离不开谁的话，相对而言，“嫦娥一号”是整个工程的重中之重。因为，一方面，奔向38万千米的月球靠它，对月球进行拍照探测的靠它，向地球传回图像照片的还靠它，没有它，“嫦娥工程”就无从谈起。另一方面，“嫦娥一号”卫星系统不仅较之其它系统有不同的特点，     

嫦娥一号奔月之旅

2007年10月24日西昌卫星发射中心，大地轰鸣，烈焰四起，长征三号甲运载火箭搭载我国嫦娥一号月球探测卫星，直冲云霄，奔向遥远的月球，实现了中华民族千年奔月梦想。嫦娥一号是我国自主研制的第一颗月球探测卫星，它的发射成功，标志着中国实施绕月探测工程迈出重要一步，是中国航天发展道路上继人造地球卫星和载人航天之后的第三个里程碑。     

撩开“嫦娥”的面纱——专访“嫦娥一号”探月卫星总设计师兼总指挥叶培建

2003年11月本刊在全国媒体中率先刊登了中国空间技术研究院月球探测卫星工程论证组的文章《嫦娥工程——中国的绕月探测工程》，首次向国人披露了我国的探月计划．立即引起社会的广泛关注，一转眼两年时间过去了．随着“神舟”六号飞行的圆满成功，人们有理由把目光更多地集中到祖国的航天事业上来。那么．“嫦峨”工程进展如何？什么时候我国的飞行器光临月球，日前，本刊记者带着大家关心的问题，采访了中国科学院院士、“嫦娥一号”月球探测卫星总设计师和总指挥叶培建先生。[编者按]     

“嫦娥3号”月球软着陆工程中的关键技术

2013年12月14日,"嫦娥3号"月球探测器成功降落在月球北纬44.12°、西经19.51°的虹湾着陆区,巡视器与着陆器成功分离、转移并完成互拍,首次实现了中国航天器在地外天体软着陆与巡视勘察,使中国成为继美国和前苏联之后第三个成功实现月球软着陆的国家。在简述"嫦娥3号"月球软着陆工程研制历程的基础上,分析总结了工程研制中突破的主要关键技术。     

嫦娥四号着陆器月面工作遮挡应对方案研究

嫦娥四号着陆于月球背面南极 艾特肯盆地内，着陆区周围复杂地形导致测控和通信遮挡风险。针对这一问题，开展了着陆区的测控、光照遮挡分析，提出利用轨道控制策略的精细化设计来提高着陆点精度、优化月面工作程序和增加自主控制功能的设计方法,全方面降低嫦娥四号着陆器在月球背面着陆区的生存风险。该方法已通过嫦娥四号着陆器在轨验证，可以为其他深空探测任务提供参考和借鉴。     

中国发布世界

2008年11月12日,在嫦娥一号卫星成功发射一周年之际,国家国防科技工业局举办了绕月探测工程全月球影像图暨科学数据发布仪式,正式公布依据嫦娥一号卫星拍摄的月球地形地貌数据制作的我国第一幅全月球影像图,     

即将走出神话的嫦娥

2007年,我国将发射自行研制的第1个月球探测器——嫦娥一号月球探测卫星,它也是中国第1个空间探测器,还是中国继人造卫星、载人航天之后中国航天的第三个里程碑。此举将使我国成为世界第5个发射月球探测器暨空间探测器的国家,因而引起全世界的广泛关注。     

月球会上谈探月——访嫦娥一号月球探测工程首席科学家欧阳自远院士

世界月球会议期间,本刊有幸对嫦娥一号月球探测工程首席科学家欧阳自远院士做了一次专访。谈到月球探测,欧阳院士就像一个母亲谈到了自己的孩子,有说不完的话题。从世界各国对月球探测的计划,到月球探测的深刻意义和未来月球探测的发展方向,都做了详尽的解析。下面,让记者带您走进欧阳院士的月球世界。     

如何选择一个好落点？

随着嫦娥一号完美谢幕,月球探测计划"绕、落、回"三步走中的第二步便成了关注焦点,我国月球探测二期工程将实现探测器在月面上软着陆,最紧要问题是怎么选择落点呢?     

Chang'E-1 Lunar Mission:An Overview and Primary Science Results

Chang'E-1 is the first lunar mission in China, which was successfully launched on Oct. 24th, 2007. It was guided to crash on the Moon on March 1, 2009, at 52.36oE, 1.50oS, in the north of Mare Fecunditatis. The total mission lasted 495 days, exceeding the designed life-span about four months. 1.37 Terabytes raw data was received from Chang'E-1. It was then processed into 4 Terabytes science data at different levels. A series of science results have been achieved by analyzing and applicating these data, especially "global image of the Moon of China's first lunar exploration mission'. Four scientific goals of Chang'E-1 have been achieved. It provides abundant materials for the research of lunar sciences and cosmochemistry. Meanwhile these results will serve for China's future lunar missions.      

Technology Progress Report for Microwave Remote Sensing

In this presentation, technological progress for China's microwave remote sensing is introduced. New developments of the microwave remote sensing instruments for China's lunar exploration satellite (Chang'E-1), meteorological satellite FY-3 and ocean dynamic measurement satellite (HY-2) are reported.     

Technology Progress Report for Spaceborne Microwave Remote Sensing

In this presentation, technological progress for China's microwave remote sensing is introduced. New developments of the microwave remote sensing instruments formeteorological satellite FY-3, ocean dynamic measurement satellite (HY-2), environment small SAR satellite (H J-1C) and China's lunar exploration satellite (Chang'E-1), are reported.     

Progress for Spaceborne Microwave Remote Sensing in China

In this paper,technological progress for China's microwave remote sensing is intro-duced.New developments of the microwave remote sensing instruments for meteorological satellite FY-3,ocean dynamic measurement satellite(HY-2),environment small SAR satellite(HJ-1C) and China's lunar exploration satellite(Chang'E-1),geostationary orbit meteorological satellite FY-4M,are reported.      

Overview of the Latest Scientific Results of China's Lunar Exploration Program

China's Chang'E-4 probe successfully landed on 3 January 2019 in Von Kármán crater within the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin on the lunar far side. Based on the data acquired by the scientific payloads onboard the lander and the rover, the researchers obtained the related information such as the geologic and tectonic setting of the landing area, compositional characteristics of the landing surface materials, dielectric permittivity and density of the lunar soil. The experiments confirmed the existence of materials dominated by olivine and low-calcium pyroxene in the SPA basin on the lunar far side, which preliminary revealed the geological evolution history of the SPA basin and even that of the early time lunar crust, as well as the tectonic setting and formation mechanism of the materials in the lunar interior. The researchers also inves-tigated the particle radiation, Linear Energy Transaction (LET) spectrum, and so forth on the lunar surface. The low-frequency radio observations were carried out on the lunar far side for the first time as well. This article summarizes the latest scientific results in the past years, focusing on the Chang'E-4 mission. Key words CLEP, Chang'E-4, Scientific objectives, Scientific payloads, Scientific results      

China's Lunar and Deep Space Exploration Program for the Next Decade (2020-2030)

China has carried out four unmanned missions to the Moon since it launched Chang'E-1, the first lunar orbiter in 2007. With the implementation of the Chang'E-5 mission this year, the three phases of the lunar exploration program, namely orbiting, landing and returning, have been completed. In the plan of follow-up unmanned lunar exploration missions, it is planned to establish an experimental lunar research station at the lunar south pole by 2030 through the implementation of several missions, laying a foundation for the establishment of practical lunar research station in the future. China successfully launched its first Mars probe on 23 July 2020, followed in future by an asteroid mission, second Mars mission, and a mission to explore Jupiter and its moons.      

嫦娥三号巡视器有效载荷

嫦娥三号巡视器配置了全景相机、测月雷达、红外成像光谱仪、粒子激发X射线谱仪四种科学探测有效载荷. 介绍了有效载荷的科学探测任务、系统设计方案和系统组成,描述了各有效载荷的方案设计要点,设计中的主要关注点及主要技术指标等.      

Progress in China's Lunar Exploration Program

Chang'E-1 and Chang'E-2 of China's Lunar Exploration Program (CLEP) have successfully achieved their mission. At the present time, only Chang'E-3 is still in operation, which was successfully launched on December 2, 2013. Chang'E-3 probe is the third robotic lunar mission of CLEP, which consists of a lander and a rover, with eight payloads on board the spacecraft. Up to December 21, 2015, more than 2.86TB raw data were received from these instruments onboard Chang'E-3 probe. A series of research results have been achieved. This paper gives a detailed introduction to the new scientific results obtained from Chang'E-3 missions.      

极月轨道上太阳电池阵外热流规律分析

准确的月球表面温度分布模型对于开展月球探测具有重要意义. 目前有关月球表面温 度模型还缺乏对完整月球表面温度分布的计算方法研究. 本文建立了一套计算完整月球表面温度的方法, 其中月球阳面温度采用Racca模型直接计算得到; 对于月球阴面, 将其沿纬度方向划分为若干区域, 每个区域的地表土壤采用一维非稳态热传导模型, 根据嫦娥三号着陆器太阳电池阵在轨环月阶段的温度数据, 修正得到月球表面土壤导热系数、密度及比热容, 通过数值计算求解一维非稳态热传导方程, 得出任意时刻月球阴面表面温度随时间的变化. 嫦娥三号着陆器太阳电池阵环月阶段热分析结果与在轨温度符合较好, 初步说明本文建立的完整月球表面温度计算方法正确可行. 基于本文方法计算得到整个月球表面温度分布, 进一步研究了极月轨道太阳电池阵外热流变化规律.      

嫦娥三号着陆器有效载荷

嫦娥三号着陆器配置了地形地貌相机、月基光学望远镜、极紫外相机、降落相机等四种科学探测有效载荷.介绍了有效载荷的科学探测任务、系统设计方案和系统组成,描述了各有效载荷的方案设计和主要技术指标等.