基于SiP技术的单片集成数字式太阳敏感器

设计了一种新型的数字式太阳敏感器。采用SiP（Stystem in Package）设计,将滤光片直接安装于探测器上。此设计减小了数字式太阳敏感器的体积与质量,可提高其可靠性。所设计的数字式太阳敏感器可用于深空探测卫星系统的太阳捕获和太阳定向,同时,也可作为星上其他光电敏感器的监护仪器,防止其他光学敏感器被强光损坏。最后,完成了原理样机的研制与标定,并在外场进行了太阳光斑的拍图测试。实验表明所提出方法可行,可满足火星探测、深空探测的使用需求。     

基于LED光源的运动式太阳模拟器控制系统

为了解决编码式太阳敏感器装星后现场的功能测试，研制了一种基于LED光源的运动式太阳模拟器，为该测试提供模拟的太阳光信号和太阳光矢量信号.基于太阳模拟器组成与工作原理，对光源辐亮度和矢量运动的控制系统进行研究.根据太阳光信号要求，通过光源选取与功率计算确定LED型号和个数，并采用压控恒流源驱动技术对光源辐亮度进行线性调节.根据太阳光矢量信号要求，通过负载扭矩与功率计算选取GUS-60型超声电机，采用16位绝对式编码器对运动角度进行测量，以数字信号处理器为主要器件对电机进行闭环反馈控制.测试结果表明，光源控制系统能够实现辐亮度在0～527.4W·m-2内线性可调，矢量运动装置在-15°～40°内的运动角度控制精度优于±0.01°，满足编码式太阳敏感器的测试要求.      

空间光学遥感器真空热试验工装模块化设计

针对空间光学遥感器在空间环境地面模拟试验中舱板温度分布不均的问题,运用模块化思想对某型号空间光学遥感器工装的舱板结构开展了优化设计。将舱板按照温度分布进行分块,提出模块化拼装和模块化热控2种设计方案,模块化拼装是对舱板及其表面加热片进行独立分块划分,模块化热控则是将舱板视为整体,仅对其表面的加热片进行分块设计。结果表明:模块化热控的舱板平均温度偏差为0.205 K,低于未模块化设计的0.87 K和模块化拼装的0.30 K,提高了舱板的温度均匀性。同时,模块化拼装改善了舱板温度分布,使得符合热控要求的测点比例由34.8%提高到96.7%,但独立划分的模块之间仍存在一定温差;模块化热控则消除了模块间的温差,将符合热控要求的测点比例进一步提高到100%,完全满足热控要求。      

空间杂光对交会对接光学成像敏感器影响分析

CCD光学成像敏感器是交会对接最后靠拢段的关键测量敏感器,其在轨工作时,太阳和地球杂光可能会进入相机视场,影响敏感器的正常测量.提出通过杂光建模分析和地面杂光试验验证相结合的方法,评估和验证空间杂光对光学成像敏感器测量的影响,确定相机遮光罩设计指标要求,给出理论分析、地面及飞行试验结果.     

基于Bipod结构的星敏感器遮光罩安装结构优化设计

星敏感器是航天器中常用的姿态确定仪器,其测量精度较高,且受外界环境因素、尤其是温度因素影响显著.星敏感器的热稳定性对其精度有着重要的影响,为改善星敏感器的热稳定性,提出一种基于Bipod结构的星敏感器遮光罩安装结构优化设计.通过仿真分析,此设计极大的改善了星敏感器结构的热稳定性,提高了星敏感器在轨工作时光轴指向精度的稳定性,且星敏感器的强度与刚度条件均能满足安全设计要求.     

APS星敏感器太阳照射影响分析及试验验证

针对APS星敏感器在轨过程中太阳照射问题进行了研究,分析了太阳照射对星敏感器功能和性能的影响,设计了太阳照射相关的试验及验证方案,最后给出了相关试验过程和试验验证结果,明确了分析及试验结论.通过分析和试验结果表明:紫外辐照试验对光学系统透过率无明显影响,且影响在APS星敏感器灵敏度余量范围内;在轨太阳照射对APS星敏感器探测器及整机的功能和性能无影响.相关分析和试验数据可作为星敏感器后续改进设计的依据和参考.     

倾斜轨道小卫星太阳高度角分析与机动方案设计

针对倾斜轨道小卫星必然会面对的光学姿态敏感器受阳光干扰的问题,分析太阳高度角的变化规律,提出了计算太阳高度角的经验公式,并在此基础上提出了平台偏航姿态机动方案,可以使光学姿态敏感器规避阳光干扰,并可以简化整星热控和帆板驱动设计,提高了整星的可靠性.     

内外参数精确建模的太阳敏感器标定

对数字式太阳敏感器标定,现有的多项式拟合和只有内部参数的简单建模方法标定精度低,为提高标定精度,提出一种基于内外参数精确建模的标定方法.通过分析太阳敏感器标定系统的内外参数,建立太阳敏感器标定模型,基于太阳模拟器和两轴转台获取标定点数据,采用最小二乘法分两步优化得到各模型参数.该方法不需要太阳光线与太阳敏感器成像面的初始对准,操作方便,同时通过精确分离太阳敏感器内外参数,避免了标定系统外部参数误差对太阳敏感器内部参数标定的影响,且通过两步优化,进一步提高了太阳敏感器的标定精度.实验结果表明:该方法的标定精度达0.005°(±60°视场),比常用的标定方法的标定精度(0.02°)提高约4倍.      

小型一体化编码式太阳敏感器信号处理技术

为实现编码式太阳敏感器小型一体化设计,研究编码式太阳敏感器细分角度计算的坐标旋转数字计算机（CORDIC,coordinate rotation digital computer）算法,在FPGA中实现包括数据采集、角度计算、通信协议等全部敏感器数字信号处理功能,并在此基础上研制专用ASIC芯片.采用挠性连接技术完成整机的微型化组装,最终实现了整机质量0.5 kg、功耗0.5 W、测角精度 0.05°(3σ)、分辨率14″、数据刷新率40 Hz的设计指标.采用单片FPGA实现的编码式太阳敏感器信号处理电路体积小、精度高,是实现产品小型化设计的关键环节.     

基于多重UKF的粗太阳敏感器标定算法研究

针对粗太阳敏感器存在的非余弦特性以及易受空间环境杂光干扰的影响,为了提高粗太阳敏感器的定姿精度,需对其电池片进行标定.通过设计多重UKF(Unscented Kalman Filter)滤波器实现对粗太阳敏感器的定姿标定,将其划分为两类,第一类为标定陀螺漂移,第二类借助陀螺漂移标定结果,进而设计电池片滤波器来精确修正粗太阳敏感器的电池片系数,完成对整个粗太敏电池片的输出数据修正.仿真结果表明,采用多重UKF滤波器算法可有效实现对陀螺和粗太阳敏感器的标定,提高了卫星的姿态确定精度,达到了设计要求.     

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

The ESA scientific programme

The ESA scientific programme has, so far, provided several significant astrophysics experiments and further important missions are scheduled for execution during the next decade. These missions are briefly summarised together with several astrophysics investigations presently under study.     

直尺反转组合法测量直线度的理论分析

对直尺反转组合法的测量原理进行了较为深入的理论分析，指出测量的准确性受测头误差、采样点定位误差、直尺尺面斜率、直尺再定位误差、直尺各点直线度误差的变化率等五个方面共同作用。其中，采样点定位误差和直尺安装斜率影响直线度测量准确度这一结论，将适用于其他的直尺直线度测量方法，因而具有普遍的指导意义。     

一种提高螺栓联接强度的新方法

根据山本晃教授对螺栓，螺母，螺纹牙受力及其变形研究的成果，导出了该理论条件下受拉螺栓在等载荷受力状态下，当螺栓螺纹采用标准尺寸，螺母螺纹的螺旋线形状，并依据实用性，从螺母螺纹加工方便考虑，提出了近似等负荷螺纹。     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.     

The postmitotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae after spaceflight showed higher viability

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been proposed as an ideal model organism for clarifying the biological effects caused by spaceflight conditions. The postmitotic S. cerevisiae cells onboard Practice eight recoverable satellite were subjected to spaceflight for 15 days. After recovery, the viability, the glycogen content, the activities of carbohydrate metabolism enzymes, the DNA content and the lipid peroxidation level in yeast cells were analyzed. The viability of the postmitotic yeast cells after spaceflight showed a three-fold increase as compared with that of the ground control cells. Compared to the ground control cells, the lipid peroxidation level in the spaceflight yeast cells markedly decreased. The spaceflight yeast cells also showed an increase in G2/M cell population and a decrease in Sub-G1 cell population. The glycogen content and the activities of hexokinase and succinate dehydrogenase significantly decreased in the yeast cells after spaceflight. In contrast, the activity of malate dehydrogenase showed an obvious increase after spaceflight. These results suggested that microgravity or spaceflight could promote the survival of postmitotic S. cerevisiae cells through regulating carbohydrate metabolism, ROS level and cell cycle progression.     

Signs of Müller cell gliotic response found in the retina of newts exposed to real and simulated microgravity

The effects of real and simulated microgravity on the eye tissue regeneration of newts were investigated. For the first time changes in Müller glial cells in the retina of eyes regenerating after retinal detachment were detected in newts exposed to clinorotation. The cells divided, were hypertrophied, and their processes were thickened. Such changes suggested reactive gliosis and were more significant in animals exposed to rotation when compared with desk-top controls. Later experiments onboard the Russian biosatellite Bion-11 showed similar changes in the retinas that were regenerating in a two-week spaceflight. In the Bion-11 animals, GFAP, the major structural protein of retinal macroglial cells, was found to be upregulated. In a more recent experiment onboard Foton-M3 (2007), GFAP expression in retinas of space-flown, ground control (kept at 1 g), and basal control (sacrificed on launch day) newts was quantified, using microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and digital image analysis. A low level of immunoreactivity was observed in basal controls. In contrast, retinas of space-flown animals showed greater GFAP immunoreactivity associated with both an increased cell number and a higher thickness of intermediate filaments. This, in turn, was accompanied by up-regulation of stress protein (HSP90) and growth factor (FGF2) expressions. It can be postulated that such a response of Müller cells was to mitigate the retinal stress in newts exposed to microgravity. Taken together, the data suggest that the retinal population of macroglial cells could be sensitive to gravity changes and that in space it can react by enhancing its neuroprotective function.