实践五号卫星空间探测与实验成果学术研讨会召开

中国空间科学学会空间探测专业委员会于2002年9月在福建省武夷山市召开了实践五号卫星空间探测与实验成果学术研讨会,出席这次会议的有参加指挥、设计和研制卫星应用系统和有效载荷的科技工作者及领导,到会55人,收到论文34篇.实践五号科学探测卫星的主要任务是:（1）进行空间单粒子事件及对策研究试验并进行空间高能带电粒子和剂量测量.（2）进行未来复杂航天器有效载荷系统与波段高速数传发射机、大容量固态存储器及有效载荷数据管理系统的先期在轨技术实验.（3）进行空间流体科学实验.实践五号科学探测卫星在轨运行期间获得了大量科学数据,顺利地完成了各项实验任务.     

Alfven波在微电离大气中的衰减特性研究

利用简单的偶极子地磁场模型以及大气电子密度和电导率模式, 分析地面产生的磁扰动以Alfven波的模式传播到近地空间区域. 这种地面的磁扰动可能干扰近地空间卫星对空间磁扰动的观测. 通过对地面磁扰动Alfven波模式1000 km高度内的衰减情况进行模拟, 认为在近地空间采用地磁偶极子模型是合理的. 由于衰减随扰动频率的增大而急剧增强, 分析还得到了近地卫星能够探测到地面磁扰动的最大频率. 计算结果表明, Alfven波的衰减主要集中在高度50 km以下, 这个区域内的大气电导率极其微弱, 使Alfven波的传播受到极大衰减. 0.4 Hz以下的Alfven波沿磁力线传播到1000 km高度后衰减结为原来扰动幅度的千分之一, 因此频率在0.4 Hz以下的Alfven波可能会干扰低轨卫星探测磁场脉动.      

欧空局决定延长ClusterⅡ的寿命并增加科学数据接收量

2001年7月9日,中国国家航天局局长和欧空局局长在法国巴黎欧空局本部正式签署了关于中国‘地球空间双星探测计划”（简称双星计划）的合作协议.根据协议,欧空局将组织和协调欧洲有关空间研究单位,向双星计划的两颗卫星（赤道区卫星和极区卫星）提供8台先进的探测仪器;提供一个卫星地面接收站接收双星的部分探测数据;对中国卫星技术提供必要的咨询.为了加强0＂ster 11与中国地球空间双星探测计划的密切合作,欧空局决定将 Cluster 11的寿命延长 35个月哟 3年）,并决定增设一个地面接收站,将原来只接收50％的数据量增加至接收100％的数据.这一…     

利用聚类算法区分小尺度电离层行扰事件与赤道等离子体泡事件

利用Swarm卫星2015年1月1日至2019年12月31日的50Hz高频磁场数据，根据阈值判断垂直于主磁场方向的扰动，对磁纬45°N-45°S之间的小尺度电离层行扰事件进行探测.为避免混淆而产生的干扰，可以根据阈值判断平行于主磁场方向是否发生扰动，从而排除典型的赤道等离子体泡事件.但对于较弱的赤道等离子体泡事件，扰动阈值判断无效.为避免弱赤道等离子体泡事件的污染，根据小尺度电离层行扰事件和赤道等离子体泡事件在不同参数空间中的密度分布差异，利用基于密度的聚类算法将赤道等离子体泡事件进一步甄别提取.结果表明，聚类算法能够有效地将赤道等离子体泡事件从小尺度电离层行扰事件中甄选出来，并使小尺度电离层行扰事件聚类与赤道等离子体泡事件聚类形成清晰的边界.由聚类算法导出的弱赤道等离子体泡事件主要分布在磁纬15°N-15°S，地理经度20°-60°W，月份10至3月之间，并且在20:00MLT-24:00MLT存在高发生率，同时依赖于太阳活动，这也验证了前人的相关研究结果.      

空间引力波探测综述与拟解决的科学问题

空间引力波探测将为人类探索宇宙打开中低频段（0.1 m Hz～1 Hz）引力波观测的新窗口，这个频段的引力波事件被认为具有更重要的天文学、宇宙学以及物理学意义。其典型的波源包括超大和中等质量黑洞双星的并合、极端和中等质量比黑洞双星的绕转、银河系内数以百万计的致密双星系统以及随机引力波背景等，为研究宇宙起源与演化、黑洞形成与结构、引力和时空本质、暗能量和暗物质属性等提供了全新的方法和手段。21世纪以来，欧美联合的LISA计划成功发射了技术验证卫星LISA探路者，目前LISA计划已进入工程实施阶段，中国太极计划和天琴计划也相继发射了技术实验卫星太极一号和天琴一号，标志着空间引力波探测进入了全新的发展阶段。本文主要概述近年来国内外发展态势，详细凝炼空间引力波探测与研究的科学目标和未来发展的重点领域，系统优化引力波天文学、引力波物理学以及引力波宇宙学等相关学科布局，重点阐述推进空间引力波探测与研究的重要意义和发展战略。     

中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心50周年所庆公告

2008年10月,中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心(简称空间中心)将迎来50华诞。值此喜迎所庆之际,我们谨向多年来关心和支持空间中心发展的各级领导、海内外所友、社会各界人士和朋友致以衷心的感谢!斗转星移,春华秋实。在50年的变革与发展中,空间中心为我国第一颗人造卫星东方红一号、实践系列卫星、载人航天工程、地球空间双星探测计划和月球探测一期工程等重大任务的圆满成功     

GNSS遥感探测卫星星座设计

随着全球导航卫星系统（Global Navigation Satellite System，GNSS）掩星大气探测技术的兴起，GNSS遥感探测数据在气象数据资源中逐步占据重要地位，但是目前的掩星探测数量远不能满足数值天气预报等应用的需求，未来更需要充分利用GNSS信号资源，开展更大规模的GNSS掩星卫星星座探测.本文以世界气象组织发布的大气海洋数据需求为参考，提出新一代GNSS遥感探测星座任务需求与设计约束.在理想大气模型假设下，利用几何解析方法研究了探测卫星星座构型参数对探测性能的影响，并建立了新一代GNSS遥感探测卫星星座设计基本准则.以风云卫星为子星座，给出了星座规模同为40颗的三种GNSS遥感探测微纳卫星星座设计方案.研究结果表明，具备该规模的探测星座可满足数值天气预报等气象应用的最低数据需求，三种构型方案中，由高、中、低倾角三组Walker子星座与风云卫星子星座组建的GNSS遥感探测星座探测性能最优.      

电磁监测试验卫星矢量磁场探测方法

电磁监测试验卫星是中国第一颗近地轨道电磁场科学探测试验卫星, 探测空间背景磁场是其重要任务之一. 空间背景磁场探测需要在卫星平台上对空间矢量磁场进行长期稳定准确探测, 电磁监测试验卫星采用磁通门磁强计和基于CPT效应的绝对磁场校准装置(Coupled Dark State Magnetometer, CDSM)分别探测空间相对矢量磁场以及绝对标量磁场, 通过数据处理, 使最终的矢量磁场探测数据具有准确性. 这种数据处理方法在理想模型下拥有解析解, 实施过程中载荷的噪声、 准确度及稳定性影响模型的准确性, 会产生数据校准误差. 通过对在轨磁场探测的模拟确定了这种数据处理方法的性能, 验证了在载荷设计性能的基础上电磁监测试验卫星的磁场探测可以实现1 nT的准确度.      

MLR events and associated triggered emissions observed by DEMETER

This paper gives an overview of different sets of new Magnetospheric Line Radiation (MLR) observed by the satellite DEMETER. Different types of emissions have been observed: emissions called Power Line Harmonic Radiation (PLHR) with frequency lines exactly separated by 50/100 or 60/120 Hz, emissions with frequency lines not exactly separated by 50/100 or 60/120 Hz and drifting in frequency (MLR). By comparison with past observations one can say that some MLR events are due to man-made PLHR which may suffer a non-linear gyro-resonant interaction at the magnetic equator. It is also shown that periodic emissions are very often associated with the MLR. In this case the origin of these waves is natural. The lines are produced by the periodicity and the frequency band limits of the individual elements which causes the appearance of lines on the spectrograms. Finally the paper shows that MLR can trigger emissions.     

Ground-based and satellite DC-ULF electric field anomalies around Wenchuan M8.0 earthquake

The ground-based and satellite DC-ULF electric field data were analyzed around Wenchuan M8.0 earthquake on May 12, 2008 in China. The results show that ground electric field anomalies occurred at 3 stations located to the north and south of the epicenter with the amplitude of 3–100 mV/km. The change shapes and their amplitude of ground electric field anomalies are different largely due to their individual underground layer conductivity, water level and so on. The analysis of long time series illustrates that the abnormal geoelectric field started since March 2008. Onboard the DEMETER satellite, the ULF waveforms of electric field were collected and processed by wavelet transform method. The disturbances in the ionosphere were about 3–5 mV/m at a frequency band lower than 0.5 Hz. When the ground and space electric field anomalies were compared, their occurrence time and spatial distribution points are consistent with each other, including the long time anomalies from March 2008 and the short term ones 1–2 days before the Wenchuan earthquake. Finally, the coupling mechanism was discussed.     

高精度星载SAR多普勒参数估算方法

提出了一种基于空间坐标转换,利用卫星位置、速度参数精确估算星载SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar)全观测带多普勒参数的方法.利用卫星速度、位置,通过星载SAR空间几何模型和坐标转换关系,建立SAR图像中斜距同卫星下视角之间的四次方程,解出下视角并进一步计算出该斜距处的多普勒参数值.仿真结果表明,该方法在无卫星位置、速度误差情况下估算精度达到0.02Hz(多普勒中心频率)和2×10-4Hz/s(多普勒调频率);存在卫星位置测量误差(300m)以及速度测量误差(0.3m/s)的情况下,估算精度达到0.8Hz(多普勒中心频率)和0.07Hz/s(多普勒调频率).该方法适用于单星SAR以及分布式SAR高精度多普勒参数的估算.      

MONITORING OF ENERGETIC PARTICLE ENVIRONMENT INSIDE THE CHINA-BRAZIL EARTH RESOURCE SATELLITE

On 14 October 1999, the Chinese-Brazil earth resource satellite (CBERS-1) was launched in China. On board of the satellite there was an instrument designed at Peking University to detect the energetic particle radiation inside the satellite so the radiation fluxes of energetic particles in the cabin can be monitored continuously. Inside a satellite cabin, radiation environment consists of ether penetrated energetic particles or secondary radiation from satellite materials due to the interactions with primary cosmic rays.Purpose of the detectors are twofold, to monitor the particle radiation in the cabin and also to study the space radiation environment The data can be used to study the radiation environment and their effects on the electronics inside the satelhte cabin. On the other hand, the data are useful in study of geo-space energetic particle events such as solar proton events, particle precipitation and variations of the radiation belt since there should be some correlation between the radiation situation inside and outside the satellite.The instrument consists of two semi-conductor detectors for protons and electrons respectively. Each detector has two channels of energy ranges. They are 0.5-2MeV and ≥2MeV for electrons and 5-30MeV and 30-60MeV for protons. Counting rate for all channels are up to 104/(cm2@s)and power consumption is about 2.5 W. There are also the additional functions of CMOS TID (total integrated dose) effect and direct SEU monitoring. The data of CBMC was first sent back on Oct. 17 1999 and it's almost three years from then on. The detector has been working normally and the quality of data is good.The preliminary results of data analysis of CBMC not only reveal the effects of polar particle precipitation and radiation belt on radiation environment inside a satellite, but also show some important features of the geo-space energetic particle radiation.As one of the most important parameters of space weather, the energetic charged particles have great influences on space activities and ground tech nology. CBMC is perhaps the first long-term on-board special equipment to monitor the energetic particle radiation environment inside the satellite and the data it accnmulated are very useful in both satellite designing and space research.     

Magnetic torquer induced disturbing signals within GRACE accelerometer data

The GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) gravity field satellite mission was launched in 2002. Although many investigations have been carried out, not all disturbances and perturbations upon satellite instruments and sensors are resolved yet. In this work the issue of acceleration disturbances onboard of GRACE due to magnetic torquers is investigated and discussed. Each of the GRACE satellites is equipped with a three-axes capacitive accelerometer to measure non-gravitational forces acting on the spacecraft. We used 10 Hz Level 1a raw accelerometer data in order to determine the impact of electric current changes on the accelerometer. After reducing signals which are induced by highly dominating processes in the low frequency range, such as thermospheric drag and solar radiation pressure, which can easily be done by applying a high-pass filter, disturbing signals from onboard instruments such as thruster firing events or heater switch events need to be removed from the previously filtered data. Afterwards the spikes which are induced by the torquers can be very well observed. Spikes vary in amplitude with respect to an increasing or decreasing current used for magnetic torquers, and can be as large as 20 nm/s². Furthermore, we were able to set up a model for the spikes of each scenario with which we were able to compute model spike time series. With these time series the spikes can successfully be removed from the 10 Hz raw accelerometer data. Spectral analysis of the time series reveal that an influence onto gravity field determination due to these effects is very unlikely, but can theoretically not be excluded.     

基于人工势场的星群松散编队控制

利用低成本的微纳卫星组成星群协同执行空间任务，近年来引起了航天界的广泛关注.针对星群松散编队控制任务，将人工势场法和基于相对运动动力学方程的速度反馈控制相结合，在各颗卫星和目标之间构造吸引势场，在各颗卫星之间建立基于位置信息的避碰势场，在空间障碍物附近建立避障势场，同时引入速度反馈控制律，综合实现星群松散编队控制，并通过仿真算例验证了控制方法的有效性.     

一种双基站低轨道区域覆盖δ星座设计

在双基站理论研究基础上 ,进行了定倾角区域性覆盖双基站δ星座设计 ,采用倾角为 41°的回归轨道 ,用点覆盖数值仿真的方法设计了对地面站与空间站的一重覆盖与二重覆盖下的星座构型。且星座中各星之间 ,各星与空间站之间均可建立星际链路 ,保证数据在空间站、地面站及星座之间连续传递     

Different space weather effects in anomalies of the high and low orbital satellites

Preliminary results of the EU INTAS Project 00810, which aims to improve the methods of safeguarding satellites in the Earth’s magnetosphere from the negative effects of the space environment, are presented. Anomaly data from the “Kosmos” series satellites in the period 1971–1999 are combined in one database, together with similar information on other spacecraft. This database contains, beyond the anomaly information, various characteristics of the space weather: geomagnetic activity indices (Ap, AE and Dst), fluxes and fluences of electrons and protons at different energies, high energy cosmic ray variations and other solar, interplanetary and solar wind data. A comparative analysis of the distribution of each of these parameters relative to satellite anomalies was carried out for the total number of anomalies (about 6000 events), and separately for high (5000 events) and low (about 800 events) altitude orbit satellites. No relation was found between low and high altitude satellite anomalies. Daily numbers of satellite anomalies, averaged by a superposed epoch method around sudden storm commencements and proton event onsets for high (>1500 km) and low (<1500 km) altitude orbits revealed a big difference in a behavior. Satellites were divided on several groups according to the orbital characteristics (altitude and inclination). The relation of satellite anomalies to the environmental parameters was found to be different for various orbits that should be taken into account under developing of the anomaly frequency models.