GNSS遥感探测卫星星座设计

随着全球导航卫星系统（Global Navigation Satellite System，GNSS）掩星大气探测技术的兴起，GNSS遥感探测数据在气象数据资源中逐步占据重要地位，但是目前的掩星探测数量远不能满足数值天气预报等应用的需求，未来更需要充分利用GNSS信号资源，开展更大规模的GNSS掩星卫星星座探测.本文以世界气象组织发布的大气海洋数据需求为参考，提出新一代GNSS遥感探测星座任务需求与设计约束.在理想大气模型假设下，利用几何解析方法研究了探测卫星星座构型参数对探测性能的影响，并建立了新一代GNSS遥感探测卫星星座设计基本准则.以风云卫星为子星座，给出了星座规模同为40颗的三种GNSS遥感探测微纳卫星星座设计方案.研究结果表明，具备该规模的探测星座可满足数值天气预报等气象应用的最低数据需求，三种构型方案中，由高、中、低倾角三组Walker子星座与风云卫星子星座组建的GNSS遥感探测星座探测性能最优. 

Design of GNSS Remote Sensing Satellite Constellation

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) remote sensing can provide irreplaceable atmospheric sounding data based on its sounding technology. But the research on satellite constellation design for GNSS remote sensing is relatively backward. In-orbit resources have not been fully utilized, and the design of sounding satellite constellation lacks systematic and theoretical support. Under the assumption of ideal atmosphere model, the effect of configuration parameters of sounding constellation on sounding performance is studied by geometric analysis method. With 200km×200km×6h as the reference scale, the design criteria for the new generation of GNSS remote sensing sounding satellite constellation are established. Four of FY-3 satellites are combined to make GNSS remote sensing satellite constellation optimization design results under three kinds of constellation configurations. The results show that the design criteria are feasible and instructive. In combination with the FY-3 satellites, three Walker sub-constellations with inclination of 68°, 60° and 24° have the best performance.