对旋轴流压缩系统的增压扩稳途径实验分析

通过在一台实验用对旋风机上的大量性能实验,比较分析了对旋风扇在不同转速比匹配和不同轴向间隙条件下的特性曲线和失速边界的变化,并通过用球头五孔压力探针对其级间稳态流场的测量,对对旋风扇在不同转速比和轴向间隙下的流场特点作了进一步的分析.最后,在总结实验分析结果和国外类似研究的基础上,对对旋轴流压缩系统的增压、扩稳途径提出了一些新的观点.     

A longitudinal & longitudinal-torsional vibration actuator for rotary-percussive ultrasonic planetary drills

Ultrasonic drills, which can sample rocks using a lower weight on bit and lower power, are more suitable for sampling on a minor planet than conventional drills. To remove cutting chips and improve drilling efficiency, rotary-percussive ultrasonic drills (RPUD) drive drill tools for rotary-percussive motion. This paper proposes a novel longitudinal & longitudinal-torsional (L-LT) actuator, which is composed of a stepped horn, a piezoelectric stack, and a longitudinal-torsional (LT) coupler, for the RPUD. The horn magnifies the longitudinal vibration on the front surface of the piezoelectric stack, which is clamped between the horn and the LT coupler, and impacts the drill tool. The LT coupler transforms the longitudinal vibration on the back surface into longitudinal-torsional vibration, which generates elliptical movements that drive the rotor to rotate. Then, the rotor drives the drill tool to rotate. A method of adjusting the displacement amplitudes of the horn and the driving tips is discussed. The prototype achieved a maximum speed and torque of 193?r/min and 0.065?N$·$m, respectively. The maximum drilling speed through sandstone under a weight on bit of 5?N was 13?mm/min.     

已知初始匹配对的图像四元松弛匹配算法

提出了已知初始匹配对的四元松弛匹配算法,该算法以向量旋转角的旋转和缩放不变性特征作为匹配对的优化准则,首先计算向量旋转角度差值,然后通过构造支持度函数和剔除策略选出最优匹配对.在初始错误匹配比例较高和游动误差较大的情况下能够实现正确匹配.通过大量图像实验证明,该算法在匹配速度和正确率上优于桑农松弛匹配算法.     

Selenodetic experiments of SELENE: Relay subsatellite,differential VLBI,and laser altimeter

Since 1960s, the gravitational potential of the Moon has been extensively studied from Doppler tracking data between a ground station and spacecraft orbiting in front of the Moon (e. g., Lorell and Sjogren, 1968; Bills and Ferrari, 1980; Konopliv et al., 1993; Lemoine et al., 1997). Because direct radio communication is interrupted while spacecraft is orbiting behind the Moon, however, the coverage of tracking data has been limited mostly to the nearside of the Moon so far. In order to compensate for such lack of tracking data, we propose satellite-to-satellite Doppler measurement by using a relay subsatellite in Japanese mission to the Moon in 2003. A complete coverage of Doppler tracking from an orbiter at sufficiently low altitude will significantly improve lunar gravity model and will contribute for future geophysical study of interior and tectonics on the Moon. Further, we propose differential VLBI experiment between the subsatellite and a propulsion module landed on the surface of the Moon. The differential VLBI is about 10 times more accurate than conventional Doppler measurement for long-wavelength gravity field. Besides, differential VLBI is sensitive to the displacement perpendicular to the line of sight. Thus the VLBI experiment provides precise estimates of the lunar gravity potential at low degree. The last proposal for selenodetic experiments is a laser altimeter. Global topography model has been already developed from the analysis of Clementine LIDAR data (Zuber et al., 1994), but it is suggested that the model includes appreciable anisotropy between NS and E-W directions due to highly eccentric orbit of Clementine spacecraft (Bills and Lemoine, 1995). The laser altimeter experiment from an orbiter in nearly circular orbit will provide a new reference for the isotropic lunar topography model.     

30°预旋进气旋转盘流动与换热特性的实验

用实验的方法对具有30°预旋进气的旋转盘附近冷气流动与换热特性进行了研究,得到了静 盘表面压力、转盘表面温度、局部努赛尔特数的分布及平均努赛尔特数的变化.结果显示静 止盘罩表面的压力随着半径的增加而增加,随转速的增加而增加.转盘表面的局部努赛尔特 数在r＜0.7R的区域基本不变, r＞0.7R的区域里, 局部努赛尔特数随r的增加而增大.该预旋 角情况下,进气雷诺数对盘面平均努赛尔特数的影响大于旋转雷诺数.     

对旋风机转速改变对其气动特性的影响

对旋风机前后级转速比对风机气动特性影响较大,合适的转速比有利于提高对旋风机气动性能。采用数值计算和实验模拟方法研究对旋风机前后两级叶轮转速改变对风机气动特性的影响。首先,通过速度三角形定量分析转速改变对风机功率和内部流动参数的影响。之后,数值计算的结果与实验进行对比,分析基准转速下风机整体性能的变化。最后,通过数值计算结果对风机内部气体的流动进行具体分析,发现在保持进口条件不变的条件下,前后两级叶轮转速改变相同百分比时,第1级转速改变可以更加有效的改变风机的流动参数和性能,综合比较整体性能变化与实际应用确定了最优转速比为1.1∶1,此转速比下传动效率为88.4%时对旋风机效率为75%。     

Simulation software for the spiral trajectory of our Moon

At 4.56 Ga, the accretion of the slowly rotating Solar Nebula led to the formation of Sun and its Planets in the plane of disc of accretion. Moon was formed by accretion from a circumterrestrial disk of debris generated by the glancing angle impact of the young Earth by a Mars size planetary embryo at about 4.5 Ga at a distance of 15,000 km. The Moon since then has migrated to the present position of 384,400 km from the center of the Earth. In course of this outward migration it has slowed down the spin rate of Earth and caused the lengthening of diurnal day length from 5 h initially to 24 h presently. The basic mechanics of Earth–Moon System has been worked out and theoretical determination of lengthening of day curve is carried out. This theoretical lengthening of day curve is compared with the observed lengthening of day curve based on paleobotanical evidences, ancient tidalites and Australian Banded Iron Formation. There is a remarkable correspondence between the two curves except for intermittent deviations due to geographical and geophysical factors. Based on the theoretical curve of lengthening of day, an empirical formula for the lunar orbital radius expansion is determined. Based on this empirical formula, simulation software is developed that gives the correct evolution of the semi-major axis (a) of our Moon for any time span from the inception to the time chosen under study. For mathematical simplicity the system is considered to be a two body rotating system throughout its evolutionary history of 4.5 Gyrs. This simulation draws the Moon’s spiral trajectory from its inception to any subsequent epoch. The terminal epoch is an input to the simulation software to arrive at the spiral trajectory of the Moon from the inception to the given epoch. The basic mechanics of Earth–Moon System and this simulation can be generalized to lay the foundation of simulation software for any Planet–Satellite pair or any Sun-Planet pair in our Solar System or Star-Planet pair in any Extra-Solar System. The basic dynamics has been found to be valid for Star–Planet pair also. So this Simulation Methodology can as well be applied to study the migratory evolution of Gas Giants also.     

天舟一号空间冷凝实验装置地基冷凝实验

天舟一号（TZ-1）蒸发与冷凝实验装置地面科学匹配实验是优化空间实验参数与两相试验系统技术参数的重要环节.通过地面科学匹配冷凝实验,控制冷凝实验输入条件,观察条件变化给非稳态冷凝换热带来的影响,可为空间实验数据处理提供修正依据.实验内容主要包括:改变冷凝台和蒸气温度,获得换热系数随时间变化的规律,从而指导空间实验数据采集和液池加热;通过实验验证蒸气压力对液膜换热系数的影响.实验还证明了冷凝台温度、蒸气温度、抽气压力等对换热系数也都有很大影响.地面科学匹配实验对于完善实验装置、优化工况与实验参数以及提高实验可靠性具有指导意义.      

Lunar apex–antapex cratering asymmetry as an impactor recorder in the Earth–Moon system

The degree of apex–antapex cratering asymmetry of a synchronously rotating satellite primarily depends on the mean encounter velocity of impactors with respect to the planetary system and the orbital velocity of the satellite. This means that we can estimate the mean encounter velocity of impactors by observing the apex–antapex cratering asymmetry, if the relationship between these is known. To apply this technique to the Moon, we attempt to derive the relationship between the mean encounter velocity of impactors and the degree of the lunar cratering asymmetry as a function of time, considering the temporal variation in the lunar orbital velocity during the last 4.0 Gyr. We used the cratering asymmetry of Zahnle et al. [Zahnle, K., Schenk, P., Sobieszczyk, S. et al. Differential cratering of synchronously rotating satellites by ecliptic comets. Icarus 153, 111–129, 2001] to obtain the relationship. Applying this relationship enables us to estimate the impactor’s velocity of the Earth–Moon system from an investigation of the spatial distribution of lunar craters. Furthermore, we re-evaluate the cratering asymmetry’s influence on lunar cratering chronology.     

“嫦娥4号”中继星中继通信方案研究与分析

中继通信系统是"嫦娥4号"中继星的主载荷和完成任务的关键,须采用合理可行的技术方案,对"嫦娥4号"中继星中继通信系统的方案进行了研究和分析,并给出了设计难点和解决方案,通过Matlab进行了仿真验证,仿真结果表明:提出的解决方案能满足中继星通信要求。