一种高精度GPS卫星钟差预报方法

为了获得实时高精度GPS钟差,提出了采用快速星历建模进行短期预报。文章先对钟差数据提取趋势项,再利用傅里叶分析研究其周期特征以确定建模与预报时间段长度,最后利用径向基函数(Radial Basis Function,RBF)神经网络建模实时预报钟差。由于RBF神经网络用于非线性数据建模效果良好,在提取线性趋势项并合理确定建模周期后,该方法能够得到较好的预报结果。实际预报结果表明,文中方法得到的预报钟差精度高于超快速星历,能够满足分米级实时精密定位的要求。     

神经网络在导航卫星钟差预报中的应用CSCD

为提高导航卫星钟差预报精度,提出一种神经网络和多项式相结合的钟差预报方法,该方法在根据星载原子钟物理特性进行多项式模型预报后,采用神经网络对多项式模型预报误差进行建模,以实现导航卫星钟差预报精度补偿。为验证本文提出的预报模型的可行性和有效性,利用实测的COMPASS导航卫星钟差数据进行钟差预报精度分析,并与传统的多项式模型预报精度进行比较。结果表明:基于神经网络建立的组合预报模型能有效提高导航卫星钟差的预报精度。     

神经网络在导航卫星钟差预报中的应用

为提高导航卫星钟差预报精度,提出一种神经网络和多项式相结合的钟差预报方法,该方法在根据星载原子钟物理特性进行多项式模型预报后,采用神经网络对多项式模型预报误差进行建模,以实现导航卫星钟差预报精度补偿。为验证本文提出的预报模型的可行性和有效性,利用实测的COMPASS导航卫星钟差数据进行钟差预报精度分析,并与传统的多项式模型预报精度进行比较。结果表明:基于神经网络建立的组合预报模型能有效提高导航卫星钟差的预报精度。     

基于实时SSR数据的LEO卫星精密单点定位研究

对目前低轨卫星实时定位的方法进行了研究,现在通常采用GPS定位,使用广播星历和普通晶振,实时定位精度一般在10m以内,不能满足高精度实时定位的需求。IGS组织在全球范围内对GPS跟踪分析,生成精密星历、精密钟差产品、按SSR格式的广播星历和钟差修正产品并在网上发布。对这些IGS产品进行了调查,提出在现有测控支持情况下,可以通过高密度上注SSR信息流实现在轨高精度定位。以某型号低轨微小卫星在轨导航增强载荷为应用背景,用IGS03产品中的1057和1058数据对双频GPS接收机的星历和钟差进行修正,采用递推最小二乘估计和LAMDA模糊度固定过对载波相位和伪距信息进行处理,在短时间内获得亚米级定位结果。     

导航卫星广播星历误差特性频域分析及预报模型

广播星历误差是影响卫星导航用户定位精度的重要因素之一。文章以GPS为例,应用误差频谱分析方法对GPS广播星历在频域内的误差特性进行分析,利用频谱分析模型及其与AR的混合模型对星历误差进行预报。分析结果表明,GPS广播星历具有明显的周期变化;频谱分析模型可以发现星历误差的主要周期变化,但预报精度不高;频谱分析和AR混合模型预报精度较高,经过误差补偿后,广播星历精度在0.5m以内(1σ)。     

星载GPS几何法实时定轨有关问题的研究

首先讨论了星载GPS几何法实时定轨的绝对定位方法和各种差分技术。由于伪距差技术能克服GPS卫星的星历误差、卫星钟误差，特别是SA误差的影响，而且实现难度不大，所以应用它来实时定轨。实测数据的处理表明，它能明显提高定轨的精度。然后分析了星载GPS所受扰动影响的情况，对应用抗差估计削弱GPS卫星信号扰动的影响进行了试验，试验的结果说明抗差估计能进一步提高星载GPS几何法定轨的精度。     

基于经验加速度的低轨卫星轨道预报新方法

研究将定轨过程中的经验加速度应用于地球低轨卫星轨道预报的新方法. 利用GPS伪距观测数据和简化动力学最小二乘批处理方法对地球低轨卫星定 轨, 其中卫星位置、速度及大气阻力系数和辐射光压系数可以直接用于轨道预报. 作为简化动力学最重要特征的经验加速度呈现准周期、余弦曲线特点, 可通过 傅里叶级数拟合建模. 确定性动力学模型与补偿大气阻力模型误差的切向经验 加速度级数拟合模型组成增强型动力学模型用于提高轨道预报精度. 应用 GRACE-A星载GPS伪距观测数据和IGS超快星历定轨并进行轨道预报, 结果表明 轨道预报初值位置精度达到0.2m, 速度精度达到1×10-4m·s-1, 预报3天位置精度优于60m, 比只利用确定性动力学模型进行预报精度平 均提高2.3倍. 先定轨后预报的模式可用在星上自主精确导航系统中.      

GPS 16参数广播星历改进参数的变化规律分析

在2004年发布的GPS界面接口控制文档中提出一种对GPS 16参数广播星历进行改进的GPS 18参数广播星历.本文介绍了GPS 16参数广播星历的拟合算法，对两类GPS广播星历参数进行比较，分析了改进参数的变化规律及特性.计算结果表明，GPS 16参数广播星历的改进参数具有明显的约12h和13.5d的周期变化特性，新提出的GPS 18参数广播星历能够更好地逼近GPS卫星真实轨道.      

混合星座导航卫星广播星历相关问题研究

GPS卫星广播星历参数具有参数少、物理意义明确以及精度高等特点,可以考虑将它应用于包含MEO、IGSO和GEO卫星的混合星座卫星导航系统。分析了采用GPs卫星广播星历参数时MEO、IGSO和GEO卫星的广播星历拟合精度,并且比较分析了在一个卫星的轨道周期内,广播星历参数拟合结果的变化规律。仿真结果表明,MEO、IGSO和GEO卫星的广播星历拟合误差最大在分米量级;MEO和IGSO卫星在一个轨道周期内星历参数拟合结果的变化规律相近,但是与GEO卫星的差异较大。     

灰色模型在卫星钟差预报中的缺陷分析

卫星钟差预报是时间同步的关键技术之一,方法繁多。针对灰色模型在卫星钟差预报中的应用,以GPS Rb钟钟差预报为实例,从模型构造上分析了该模型在卫星钟差预报中存在的缺陷,有利于该模型的改进和完善。     

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

The ESA scientific programme

The ESA scientific programme has, so far, provided several significant astrophysics experiments and further important missions are scheduled for execution during the next decade. These missions are briefly summarised together with several astrophysics investigations presently under study.     

直尺反转组合法测量直线度的理论分析

对直尺反转组合法的测量原理进行了较为深入的理论分析，指出测量的准确性受测头误差、采样点定位误差、直尺尺面斜率、直尺再定位误差、直尺各点直线度误差的变化率等五个方面共同作用。其中，采样点定位误差和直尺安装斜率影响直线度测量准确度这一结论，将适用于其他的直尺直线度测量方法，因而具有普遍的指导意义。     

一种提高螺栓联接强度的新方法

根据山本晃教授对螺栓，螺母，螺纹牙受力及其变形研究的成果，导出了该理论条件下受拉螺栓在等载荷受力状态下，当螺栓螺纹采用标准尺寸，螺母螺纹的螺旋线形状，并依据实用性，从螺母螺纹加工方便考虑，提出了近似等负荷螺纹。     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.     

The postmitotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae after spaceflight showed higher viability

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been proposed as an ideal model organism for clarifying the biological effects caused by spaceflight conditions. The postmitotic S. cerevisiae cells onboard Practice eight recoverable satellite were subjected to spaceflight for 15 days. After recovery, the viability, the glycogen content, the activities of carbohydrate metabolism enzymes, the DNA content and the lipid peroxidation level in yeast cells were analyzed. The viability of the postmitotic yeast cells after spaceflight showed a three-fold increase as compared with that of the ground control cells. Compared to the ground control cells, the lipid peroxidation level in the spaceflight yeast cells markedly decreased. The spaceflight yeast cells also showed an increase in G2/M cell population and a decrease in Sub-G1 cell population. The glycogen content and the activities of hexokinase and succinate dehydrogenase significantly decreased in the yeast cells after spaceflight. In contrast, the activity of malate dehydrogenase showed an obvious increase after spaceflight. These results suggested that microgravity or spaceflight could promote the survival of postmitotic S. cerevisiae cells through regulating carbohydrate metabolism, ROS level and cell cycle progression.     

Signs of Müller cell gliotic response found in the retina of newts exposed to real and simulated microgravity

The effects of real and simulated microgravity on the eye tissue regeneration of newts were investigated. For the first time changes in Müller glial cells in the retina of eyes regenerating after retinal detachment were detected in newts exposed to clinorotation. The cells divided, were hypertrophied, and their processes were thickened. Such changes suggested reactive gliosis and were more significant in animals exposed to rotation when compared with desk-top controls. Later experiments onboard the Russian biosatellite Bion-11 showed similar changes in the retinas that were regenerating in a two-week spaceflight. In the Bion-11 animals, GFAP, the major structural protein of retinal macroglial cells, was found to be upregulated. In a more recent experiment onboard Foton-M3 (2007), GFAP expression in retinas of space-flown, ground control (kept at 1 g), and basal control (sacrificed on launch day) newts was quantified, using microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and digital image analysis. A low level of immunoreactivity was observed in basal controls. In contrast, retinas of space-flown animals showed greater GFAP immunoreactivity associated with both an increased cell number and a higher thickness of intermediate filaments. This, in turn, was accompanied by up-regulation of stress protein (HSP90) and growth factor (FGF2) expressions. It can be postulated that such a response of Müller cells was to mitigate the retinal stress in newts exposed to microgravity. Taken together, the data suggest that the retinal population of macroglial cells could be sensitive to gravity changes and that in space it can react by enhancing its neuroprotective function.