二维分形海面电磁后向散射系数的分析与计算

根据改进的二维分形海面模型推导了一种在不同极化方式下(HH水平极化,VV垂直极化)新的电磁后向散射系数计算方法,对多个海浪波长区域内所有分辨单元后向散射系数进行平均统计.在时域内研究了海水介电常数、电磁波入射角、入射频率以及风速风向对后向散射系数的影响,运用盒维数方法计算了该散射系数的分形维数.最后通过数值分析方法证明了该散射系数实部与虚部曲线是分形的,并且与二维分形海面的分形维数相等,从而表明该海面的雷达回波信号也具有分形特性,为运用分形理论研究海面微弱目标检测提供了一个重要方法.     

Weightlessness acts on human breast cancer cell line MCF-7.

Because cells are sensitive to mechanical forces, weightlessness might act on stress-dependent cell changes. Human breast cancer cells MCF-7, flown in space in a Photon capsule, were fixed after 1.5, 22 and 48 h in orbit. Cells subjected to weightlessness were compared to 1 g in-flight and ground controls. Post-flight, fluorescent labeling was performed to visualize cell proliferation (Ki-67), three cytoskeleton components and chromatin structure. Confocal microscopy and image analysis were used to quantify cycling cells and mitosis, modifications of the cytokeratin network and chromatin structure. Several main phenomena were observed in weightlessness: The perinuclear cytokeratin network and chromatin structure were looser; More cells were cycling and mitosis was prolonged. Finally, cell proliferation was reduced as a consequence of a cell-cycle blockade; Microtubules were altered in many cells. The results reported in the first point are in agreement with basic predictions of cellular tensegrity. The prolongation of mitosis can be explained by an alteration of microtubules. We discuss here the different mechanisms involved in weightlessness alteration of microtubules: i) alteration of their self-organization by reaction-diffusion processes, and a mathematical model is proposed, ii) activation or deactivation of microtubules stabilizing proteins, acting on both microtubule and microfilament networks in cell cortex.     

Chaos and multifractals in the solar wind

By using the false-nearest-neighbours method, we have argued that the deterministic component of solar wind plasma dynamics should be low-dimensional. In fact, the results we have obtained using the method of topological embedding indicate that the behaviour of the solar wind can be approximately described by a low-dimensional chaotic attractor in the inertial manifold, which is a subspace of system phase space. We have also shown that the multifractal spectrum of the solar wind attractor is consistent with that for the multifractal measure of the self-similar generalized weighted Cantor set with two different scaling parameters and one probability measure parameter responsible for nonuniform compression in phase space and multifractality. The values of the parameters fitted also demonstrate that the complex solar wind system could only be weakly non-conservative (small dissipation) and quantify nonlinear dynamics; some parts of the attractor in phase space are visited much more frequently than other parts. In addition, to quantify the multifractality of space plasma intermittent turbulence, we consider that generalized Cantor set also in the context of scaling properties of solar wind turbulence. We investigate the resulting multifractal spectrum of a one-dimensional phenomenological model of turbulence cascade depending on its parameters, especially for asymmetric scaling. In particular, we have shown that intermittent pulses are stronger for the cascade model with two different scaling parameters. Even thought solar wind turbulence appears to be rather space filling, a better agreement with the data is obtained, especially for the negative index of generalized dimensions. Therefore we argue that there is a need to use a two-scale asymmetric cascade model. We hope that this generalized multifractal model will be a useful tool for analysis of intermittent turbulence in space plasmas. We thus believe that fractal analysis of chaotic systems could lead us to a deeper understanding of their nature, and maybe even to predict their seemingly unpredictable behaviour.     

基于深度神经网络的空间目标结构识别

利用空间目标雷达散射截面(Radar Cross Section, RCS)序列开展空间目标结构识别是空间态势感知的重要组成部分。文章针对 RCS序列受目标物理特性、姿态特性影响大,序列信号非平稳特征明显的问题,利用深度神经网络（Deep Neural Network,DNN）算法解决空间目标结构特征识别的问题;针对特征提取不具区分度的问题,提出利用分形分析提取RCS序列的分数维特征,并利用Fisher判决率对传统特征进行选取;介绍了DNN算法以及数据处理过程;最后,利用一组仿真测试数据对算法进行了仿真验证。分析结果表明,DNN算法在解决利用RCS序列进行目标结构识别这一问题中具有鲁棒性强、识别准确的特点。     

基于多重分形参数的高光谱数据特征提取

针对单一分形维数不能表征高光谱数据光谱局部吸收特征的问题,提出了基于光谱概率测度的多重分形参数特征提取方法.基于光谱信息度量进行光谱概率测度的计算,基于配分函数法估计得到尺度函数;通过对尺度函数求导计算出Holder指数,并对尺度函数勒让德Legendre变换计算出多重分形谱;从多重分形谱和Holder指数之间的函数关系提取表征多重分形谱形态的4个多重分形谱参数作为光谱特征参数;并应用于基于最小距离准则的航空推扫式高光谱成像仪(PHI,Prush-broom Hyperspectral Imager)图像监督分类.结果证明:利用基于光谱概率测度的多重分形参数特征提取方法提取的光谱特征参数进行分类得到的总体分类正确率达94.789%,分类精度明显高于利用信息量维数和多重分形谱特征提取方法进行分类的结果,证明了基于光谱概率测度的多重分形参数特征提取方法提取的多重分形参数的有效性和可靠性.     

基于自相关函数的自然纹理图像分形维数的估计

提出了一种估计分形维数的新方法,并利用该方法估计自然纹理图像的分形维数.分形维数是描述图像粗糙程度的主要参数.将分数布朗运动推广到离散情况,研究离散高斯噪声的自相关函数的性质.根据自相关函数的性质,获得估计分形维数的自相关函数方法.合成分形图像和自然纹理图像被用来检验该方法的准确性,并与计盒方法进行了比较,结果显示自相关法是准确的和有效的.      

基于细胞吸引子选择机制的网络选择算法

随着无线通信技术的发展,物联网、车联网和体联网等同类型的无线网络之间共存、相互补充和异构融合。任何单一的通信技术不能完全满足人们对网络服务的多样化需求。如何在移动过程中选择可靠高效的网络连接成为学术和工业界的研究热点。基于细胞吸引子选择模型,提出了一种面向群体终端网络选择的决策方法,并通过车联网环境数值实验比较了该生物启发式决策方法与基于效用函数方法的性能,结果表明:基于细胞吸引子选择机制的生物启发式决策方法在网络选择决策中具有较好的性能。      

多重分形及其在地形特征分析中的应用

采用多重分形谱进行地形特征的分析,多重分形谱参数分层次地刻画了空间内部的精细结构,突出了异常局部变化特征,因而能够获得准确的地形特征信息,并从复杂的地形数据中选出具有明显个性特征的区域,可与分形维数结合进行地形地貌的区域分类和路径选取.实验结果表明,多重分形的奇异谱函数比简单的分形维数能提供更多的信息,克服了分形维数相同情况下区域无法区分的困难,地形的提取特征结果更为符合实际情况,可被有效地用于导航和航迹规划过程中.      

压电网络板的机电耦合动力学特性

借鉴复合材料结构建模中的均匀化处理方法建立了压电网络板机电耦合动力学方程并对其进行求解,获得了耦合系统的频率特征方程;通过求解频率特征方程发现压电网络板的固有模态以耦合模态对的形式存在;在此基础上对耦合系统的频率特性进行了分析,表明耦合模态对的特征频率值随着电感的变化会出现频率转向现象.进一步通过对系统在频率转向区能量转换规律的研究,揭示了压电网络板中频率转向的意义.最后,分析了压电网络板设计参数对频率转向区特性的影响,为压电网络板的合理设计提供了理论参考.     

AE指数表现出的磁层的浑沌行为

时间序列的非线性预测误差可用来辨别产生这个时间序列的动力学系统是浑沌的还是随机的。据此,本文分析了自1982年1月30日12点开始的分辨率为1min的AE指数构成的时间序列,共15000个数据点。首先用其中的一部分数据构造了一个从非线性确定性的到线性统计的范围很宽的预测模型,然后利用此模型对另一部分数据进行预测。预测误差的结果表明,AE指数所表征的磁层具有浑沌行为。用同样的数据,利用滞后时间相空间重构法得到的系统吸引子的关联维为2.5.      

动态构造网管中被管对象的可视化扩展

随着互联网规模的不断扩大和网络应用的日益丰富,传统网管已经难以适应对大型、异构、动态变化的网络和种类繁多的网络应用的管理需要.动态构造的网络管理是一种新型的网络管理模式,被管对象的扩展是动态构造网管中的重要组成部分.提出了被管对象的可视化扩展方法.通过在管理人机交互界面上构造一棵MOS(被管对象集)树,并提供一系列的编辑工具,供设备厂商和应用开发商可视化定义其设备和应用所实现的MOS模块.这些模块以具有正确语法格式的MOS文件的形式提交给网管系统,由动态MOS编译将其加载到系统中,系统通过对其的访问实现被管对象和管理功能的关联及扩展.     

基于混合网络的异源遥感图像变化检测

为了更加准确地进行异源遥感图像的变化检测任务，提出了一种基于混合网络的异源遥感图像变化检测算法。利用伪孪生网络提取异源遥感图像块间空间维度的变化特征，利用早期融合网络提取异源遥感图像块间光谱维度的变化特征，将2支网络提取的特征进行融合，并将融合后的变化特征输入到sigmoid层进行二分类检测。同时，在伪孪生网络中加入对比损失函数，通过优化对比损失函数，使得在特征空间中，未变化图像对的空间特征差异更小，变化图像对的空间特征差异更大，以提升网络的区分能力和收敛速度。      

Theories and models on the biology of cells in space.

A wide variety of observations on cells in space, admittedly made under constraining and unnatural conditions in many cases, have led to experimental results that were surprising or unexpected. Reproducibility, freedom from artifacts, and plausibility must be considered in all cases, even when results are not surprising. The papers in the symposium on "Theories and Models on the Biology of Cells in Space" are dedicated to the subject of the plausibility of cellular responses to gravity--inertial accelerations between 0 and 9.8 m/s2 and higher. The mechanical phenomena inside the cell, the gravitactic locomotion of single eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, and the effects of inertial unloading on cellular physiology are addressed in theoretical and experimental studies.     

Y形构形微通道流动换热特性的数值分析

针对矩形芯片提出了Y形构形微通道的芯片内部冷却结构,通过三维数值计算比较了Y形构形微通道与传统直微通道中的流体层流流动和换热特性,并对Y形构形微通道的重要结构参数进行了优化.研究表明:在相同对流换热面积和水利直径的条件下,Y形构形微通道具有比直微通道更高的传热效率和更低的进出口压降,可以满足高热负荷需求.在研究范围内通道级数为3级、分叉角度为60°、分支个数为2时,散热器的综合换热性能最好.以上结论为Y形构形微通道的结构设计提供了重要依据.     

Pseudo-automatic characterization of the morphological and kinematical properties of coronal mass ejections using a texture-based technique

The white light coronagraphs onboard SOHO (LASCO-C2 and -C3) and most recently STEREO (SECCHI -COR1 and -COR2) have detected a myriad of coronal mass ejections (CME). They are a key component of space weather and under certain conditions they can become geo-effective, hence the importance of their kinematic characterization to help predict their effects. However, there is still a lot of debate on how to define the event boundaries for space weather purposes, which in turn makes it difficult to agree on their kinematic properties. That lack of agreement is reflected in both the manual and automated CME catalogs in existence. To contribute to a more objective definition and characterization of white-light coronagraph events, Goussies et al. (2010) introduced recently the concept of “texture of the event”. Based on that property, they developed a supervised segmentation algorithm to allow the automatic tracking of dynamic events observed in the coronagraphs field of view, which is called CORonal SEgmentation Technique (CORSET). In this work, we have enhanced the capabilities of the algorithm by adding several new functionalities, namely the automatic computation of different morphological and kinematic parameters. We tested its performance on 57 well-studied limb CME events observed with the LASCO coronagraphs between 1997 and 2001, and compared the parameters obtained with those from three existent CME lists: two of them obtained from an observer-based detection and tracking method (i.e., two manual catalogs), and the other one based on the automated detection and characterization of the CME events (i.e., a fully automated catalog). We found that 51 events could be tracked and quantified in agreement with the CME definition. In general terms, the position angle, and the radial and expansion speeds are in agreement with the manual catalogs used for comparison. On the other hand, some discrepancies between CORSET and the automated catalog were found, which can be explained by the different delimitation of the CME angular extent.     

基于混合编码的天文序列图像无损压缩算法

提出了一种将时间和空间双维度预测与混合熵编码结合的图像无损压缩算法，应用于星体定点成像的天文序列图像.时间与空间双维度预测可以消除天文序列图像的时间相关性和空间相关性.混合熵编码融合了高熵编码与低熵编码算法，充分利用预测误差分布的稀疏性，进一步提升压缩效率.针对星体的天文序列图像，该算法首先在时间维度上进行帧间预测，去除时间相关性，再对帧间预测后的图像在空间维度上进行直方图滤波和上下文预测，去除空间相关性，最后将预测误差送入熵编码器进行编码.实验结果表明，本文所提出算法的压缩效果优于JPEG-LS，平均压缩比提升约15%.该算法结构简单，计算复杂度较低，易于硬件实现，适合星载天文图像的无损压缩.      

磁层顶边界区剪切流MHD不稳定性的数值模拟研究 III.大振幅MHD波

本文用MHD二维不可压模式, 对Kelvin-Helmholtz不稳定性激发的非线性波动进行数值模拟.指出:K-H波动有两个吸引子:(1)定常吸引子;(2)周期吸引子.在Alfvén马赫数M_A>8时, 波动长时间发展渐近于定常态;在M_A<8时, 波动渐近于周期吸引子.在磁层顶K-H波动中, 一般M_A<8, 波动幅度呈周期变化形态, 即包络孤立子形态.本文还讨论了磁场-磁层顶K-H不稳定性中的作用, 指出:磁场可大大加强从磁鞘向磁层顶的动量输运.      

强磁场结构在行星际空间膨胀的数值模拟

本文研究了强磁场结构在18—240R_s的行星际空间的膨胀效应。模拟结果表明, 强磁场结构的膨胀能够形成典型的磁云剖面结构;膨胀速度明显依赖于磁场强度的大小;强磁场结构运动的速度直接影响到它的动力学特性。      

How human sleep in space--investigations during space flights.

Sleep problems have been observed during many of the space flights. The existence of poor quality of sleep, fatigue, insomnia or different alterations in sleep structure, organization and sleep cyclicity have been established. Nevertheless results obtained from investigations of human sleep on board manned space vehicles show that it is possible to keep sleep patterns related to the restorative and adaptive processes. For the first time in the frame of the "Intercosmos" program a multi-channel system for recording and analysis of sleep in space was constructed by scientists of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and was installed on board the manned Mir orbiting station. In 1988 during the joint Bulgarian-Russian space flight continues recording of electro-physiological parameters necessary to estimate the sleep stages and sleep organization was made. These investigations were continued in next space flights of different prolongation. The results were compared with the findings obtained under the conditions during the pre- and post-flight periods.     

漂浮基姿态受控空间机械臂关节运动的自适应神经网络控制

讨论了载体位置无控、姿态受控情况下,空间机械臂姿态及关节协调运动的自适应神经网络控制问题.由拉格朗日第二类方法及系统动量守恒关系,建立了漂浮基空间机械臂的系统动力学方程.以此为基础,借助于RBF神经网络技术和GL矩阵及乘积算子定义,对空间机械臂系统进行了神经网络系统建模;之后针对空间机械臂所有惯性参数未知的情况,设计了空间机械臂载体姿态与机械臂各关节协调运动的自适应神经网络控制方案.提出的控制方案不要求系统动力学方程具有关于惯性参数的线性性质,且无需预知系统惯性参数的任何信息,也无需对神经网络进行离线训练和学习,因此更适于实时应用.通过对一个平面两杆自由漂浮空间机械臂系统的数值仿真,证实了方法的有效性.