超长桁架变形的多点实时测量方法研究CSCD

超长可伸展桁架结构广泛应用于各领域,对其变形测量有着重要意义,比较国内外现有的几种常见的超长可伸展桁架结构变形测量方法,指出现有方法的缺点和局限性。提出一种新的基于激光准直的无导轨超长桁架结构变形测量方法,以激光准直光束为测量基准,利用递进分光的方式,实现桁架结构的多点实时测量。分析方法原理后设计实验系统,完成初步测试,实验结果表明基于该方法的测量系统能测量桁架结构二维变形,且稳定性好,重复性误差小于1.1%,非线性误差小于0.6%。该方法无需采用移动的方式或利用导轨即可完成多点实时测量,环境适用性大大提高,还具有测量精度高、测量距离远、可拓展性好等优点,具有很好的发展前景。     

太阳帆板平面度测量系统

介绍了一种采用斜光学三角形测量结构和基于虚拟精密测量基准的太阳帆板平面度无接触测量系统.首次提出斜光学三角形测量结构,使得测量系统的测量面积和分辨率大大提高,从而实现了对大面积平面平面度的高精度无接触测量.提出的虚拟精密基准的建模与误差补偿技术,解决了在非精密基准上实现精密测量这一难题,使得所研制的测量系统利用现有平台可实现对太阳帆板平面度的高精度测量.此外,对测量光斑位置估值精度与光斑图像尺寸大小和能量分布之间的定量关系进行了分析,为激光光斑的优化设计提供了理论依据.实际测量结果表明,该测量系统对面积为2581mm×1755mm太阳帆板的平面度测量精度达0.02mm(RMS).     

回归反射球基准尺校准技术研究

回归反射球基准尺广泛应用于数字近景摄影测量系统的标定。提出了一种回归反射球基准尺校准方法,建立了由三路激光干涉仪、高分辨率双远心成像瞄准模块、高精度直线气浮运动机构等组成的测量系统。对名义值为500mm、1000mm、1500mm、2000mm的4种规格回归反射球基准尺进行了长度测量实验,结果表明该方法可以满足回归反射球基准尺的校准要求。     

RRT对工业摄影测量基准尺精度影响研究

针对工业摄影测量基准尺在实际工程中实测值与标定值互差较大、比例缩放不准确等问题，以RRT为研究对象，推导出了基准长度误差模型。从RRT圆度、中心定位稳健性、基准尺长度标定一致性以及标准长度测量等方面进行了试验研究。通过研究发现，模切覆膜型RRT圆度和中心定位稳健性远高于其它类型的RRT。模切覆膜型RRT基准尺长度标定间的重复性为1μm,优于印刷型RRT基准尺长度标定的重复性。采用模切覆膜型RRT基准尺对标准长度的测量误差较印刷型RRT基准尺小约33%。选择模切覆膜型RRT作为基准尺的基准靶点对于提高工业摄影测量系统的测量精度具有重要参考意义。     

一种基于基准优选的双目视觉位置解算方法

针对近距离空间非合作目标相对位姿测量任务需求,基于双目视觉原理建立了特征点位置测量模型与误差分析模型,分析了特征点位置解算奇异及奇异点附近位置解算误差过大的问题,提出了一种采用异面光轴配置和基准优选策略的双目视觉特征点位置解算方法。该方法通过错角安装相机光轴防止特征点在两个相机基准下进行位置解算时同时发生奇异,针对不同基准在测量域内误差分布的差异,建立了基准优选策略和相应的面向特定测量域的基准优选指标确定方法,从而获得了高精度测量结果。仿真结果表明,采用所提出的方法解决了特征点位置解算奇异问题,提高了测量域内特征点位置测量精度。     

以激光束为基准测量工作台直线运动误差的原理探讨

提出一种以两束激光为基准测量工作台直线运动误差(五个自由度)的方法,并根据刚体运动学的基本原理导出了相应的数学模型。所获得的误差计算公式形式简单,计算方便,适用于实时、现场运动精度测量及补偿。     

以激光束为基准测量工作台直线运动误差的原理探讨

提出一种以两束激光为基准测量工作台直线运动误差(五个自由度)的方法,并根据刚体运动学的基本原理导出了相应的数学模型。所获得的误差计算公式形式简单,计算方便,适用于实时、现场运动精度测量及补偿。     

用于里德堡原子高精度微波电场测量的小型化激光系统设计与实现

基于里德堡原子量子相干效应的微波电场测量灵敏度高、动态范围大、测量不确定度小,有望成为新一代可直接溯源至国际单位制(SI)的微波电场基准。本文介绍了一种可用于铯原子里德堡态激发的小型化绿光激光系统。该激光系统采用Littorw型光栅外腔反馈结构,实现了输出功率大于80mW的单频509nm绿光激光。利用该激光系统结合常规852nm激光实现了铯原子50D和50S里德堡态电磁感应透明(EIT)光谱。该激光系统的实现,为微型化、可扩展的绿光激光系统提供一种可行性方案,有利于实用化原子介质电场精密测量设备的实现。     

相位自动跟踪检测系统

介绍一种适用于自动化的相位跟踪检测系统。该系统采用新的相位测量方法——平均相位角法,消除了过零触发电路中固有的直流电平带来的相位偏移引起的相位测量误差。同时,设计了新颖的用于自动测量的相对计数时间/频率转换电路,在激光干涉比长仪1m行程内实时检测相位变化,保证了激光干涉比长仪的测量精度,提高了自动化程度。     

通用原子公司高能激光器完成光束质量评估

<正>通用原子航空系统公司在4月8日宣布,美国政府授权的一家独立测量团队已经完成了对该公司Gen 3高能激光系统的光束质量和输出功率的测量。这次测量证实了Gen 3高能激光系统极高的光束质量,该激光系统堪称下一代电泵浦激光器的领导者,通用原子任务系统执行副总裁称。新的激光器采用了第三代技术,该技术继承自此前的"高能液体激光区域防御系统"(HELLADS)Gen 1。Gen 3激光     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

The ESA scientific programme

The ESA scientific programme has, so far, provided several significant astrophysics experiments and further important missions are scheduled for execution during the next decade. These missions are briefly summarised together with several astrophysics investigations presently under study.     

应用于毫米波反射计的多项式校准方法

为了在毫米波波段准确测量波导器件的反射系数,提出了一种应用在反射系数测试前端(反射计)中的校准方法.该校准方法采用基于多项式的误差模型,使得每一个误差项的求解都转化成一个求解轨迹圆圆心的问题,同时不影响求解精度.采用一个滑动负载、一个滑动短路和一个短路器,在毫米波波段降低了对标准件理想程度的要求.实验中搭建了一个Ka波段的反射计,图解误差项的求解过程,分析了误差项的物理意义.把校准后的测量结果与商用矢量网络分析仪(VNA,Vector Network Analyzer)进行比较,吻合较好.同样比较了一组W波段反射计对波纹喇叭的测量结果,进一步验证了方法的合理性.