确定总电子含量积分常数的一种方法

本文叙述确定总电子含量积分常数(Ω_c)的一个方法。它是根据同步卫星信号相对法拉第旋转角(Ω_R)随昼夜f₀2F₂值的变化,运用最小二乘法计算Ω_c对于f₀2F₂的回归直线。此线的斜率正比于电离层等效板厚τ,直线与纵轴的交点给出Ω_c。      

赤道异常的两日振荡

本文给出了赤道异常两日振荡的四大特点;说明了磁暴、电离层暴引起的f₀F₂起伏波动与赤道异常两日振荡的区别;讨论了不同周期赤道异常长周期振荡的迭加;最后将这些结果用于东亚扇区, 发现35°N以北的逐日起伏波动主要由电离层暴控制;31°N以南f₀F₂的逐日起伏波动主要由赤道异常的长周期振荡控制.      

满州里上空电离层之平均特性及暴时特性

本文对1983年满州里(磁纬38.07°)的测高仪资料和子午仪卫星资料进行了处理.前者主要是对F₂层临界频率f₀F₂,而后者是对微分多普勒的总含量N_T进行分析.得到满州里上空电离层之平均特性,以及磁暴期间电离层的一些异常变化.结果发现,满州里电离层的平均特性具有典型的季节异常,且f₀F₂和N_T的变化呈现较好的一致性.满州里上空电离层的扰动大都发生在两分点季和冬季,且正相大多发生在冬季,双相大多发生在两分点季,负相大多发生在夏季和两分点季.得出1983年满州里暴时N_T和f₀F₂相对于月中值偏移量的均方根值δN_T和δf₀F₂都与磁Ap指数均方根值δAp之间存在一元线性相关.      

极光强扰动对中低纬电离层的影响

本文考查了120°E附近的五个中低纬电离层观测站在极光强扰动下的f₀F₂行为。共考查了从1966—1970年五年资料中AE>1400日及1969年中AE>1000日的f₀F₂行为。研究得出了与印度站链有所不同特征——在极光强扰动下120°E中低纬五站之f₀F₂均有不同程度的减小,而不是增加,并且在中纬较高纬度的满州里站之f₀F₂减小比北京站要显著。扰日后效在中、低纬区不同,低纬之武昌、广州和海南岛三站均呈现扰动过后次日上午段的f₀F₂增加,中纬较高纬度的满洲里站仍呈现f₀F₂减少。我们认为这是由于低纬区主要受赤道喷泉效应改变的影响,而中纬及亚极光纬区主要受极光强扰时产生的环球电场的直接作用结果,它反映了纬向电场耦合传递的影响。当然极光扰动时对中性大气层的能量输入亦对观测到的现象有贡献。      

海南岛三亚哨声观测资料的初步分析

本文主要介绍1983年初在海南岛三亚观测哨声的部分结果.记录到大量哨声,其中包括短哨、多源哨和多路哨;约有10%的哨声下截频在0.8kc/s左右.经分析发现:(1)三亚哨声几乎全部出现在f₀F₂下降的过程中,哨声出现率的峰值在f₀f₂下降最快处,即电子浓度下降变化急剧处;(2)哨声活动和磁暴的关系与中高纬有所不同,存在明显的相反情况.      

地磁场模式对低纬哨声射线追迹计算的影响

考虑到低纬地磁场与偶极子磁场偏离较大, 本文用国际参考场(n=6)进行了低纬哨声射线追迹计算.结果表明, 在约9°N和12°N处有两个很窄的哨声波非导传播出口点, 相应射线起点都在雷电活动区.哨声波非导传播出口的截止纬度约在8—9°N处.计算结果也较满意地解释了低纬哨声色散值和f₀/F₂正相关的事实.      

2000年4月磁暴期间武汉地区F电离层突然抬升现象

2000年4月6-7日的大磁暴(Dst最小值达到-317nT),急始(SSC)在6日1640UT左右出现,随后磁暴主相开始,约在7日0013UT进入恢复相.磁暴主相前期武汉地区F区电离层出现突然抬高现象,在2h内h′F和h_mF₂分别较暴前日增加约200km.此期间台湾中沥也几乎同时出现了F区电离层突增现象.磁暴主相前期f₀F₂较暴前日下降1.6MHz,其变化幅度在f₀F₂逐日变化起伏范围内,但7日f₀F₂最大值明显低于4-6日暴前水平,并伴随着波动特征.认为此次磁暴主相前期武汉地区F区电离层突增现象,可能和夜间磁暴常出现的扰动东向电场有关.      

我国电离层基本参量与国际参考模式的比较

本文利用我国满洲里、北京、武昌、重庆和广州等台站电离层观测记录,对各层临界频率的实测值(月中值)与IRI-86的计算值进行了分析比较.|发现两者存在着显著而系统的偏离.E层和F₁层偏离较小F₂层偏离较大,其相对值有时超过60%.总的来说,f₀F₂的相对偏离:夜间大,白天小冬季大,夏季小太阳活动低年大,高年小随着纬度降低偏离增大模式值普遍大于实测值.      

重庆与兰州电离层Es出现率的比较研究

对重庆(29.5,106.6)与兰州(36,103.9)f₀E_s>5MHz的Es出现率和E层临界频率f₀E进行了详细对比研究.结果表明:(1)此两地Es出现率的变化特征显著.白天重庆高于兰州;晚上则正相反.(2)出现率的这种变化与Es环境电离密度的变化趋势十分一致.(3)上述特征的形成,除了此两地纬度上的差异外,与兰州地处地磁S_q电流系的焦点很有关系.      

电离层参数行为的相轨道表示及其新的预测模型

以不同时间尺度的电离层参数时间序列重构的相轨道,表征了该参数的复杂行为,并由此提出了参量预测的相空间相似及回归模型。两模型用于海口(20°2'N,102°20'E)f₀F₂和M(3000)F₂的预测,取得了满意的结果。      

一类应力强度因子新公式的实用价值

通过与有限元等数值方法及实验结果的比较，说明了关于两共线半无限裂纹问题的新应力强度因子公式的重要工程实用价值，同时也说明国内外重要工程手栅中的相应旧公式不能解决实际工程问题。     

Synchrotron radiation as a probe of the inner magnetosphere of Jupiter

A short review is given on the characteristics of Jupiter's inner magnetosphere derived from radio observations in the decimetric wavelength range. A comparison of the data with sophisticated model calculations yields information on the magnetic field configuration and the electron distribution, its density, energy spectrum, and pitch angle dependence as a function of spatial coordinates. The latter information can be used to derive e.g. the radial diffusion parameters plus the effects of the satellites, Jupiter's ring, and wave-particle interactions upon the electron distribution.     

Calibration of IRI–ITU-R peak density and height over the oceans with topside sounding data

Accuracy of IRI electron density profile depends on the F2 layer peak density and height converted by empirical formulae from the critical frequency and M3000F2 factor provided by the ITU-R (former CCIR). The CCIR/ITU-R maps generated from ground-based ionosonde measurements suffer from model assumptions, in particular, over the oceans where relatively few measurements are available due to a scarcity of ground-based ionosondes. In the present study a grid-point calibration of IRI/ITU-R maps for the foF2 and hmF2 over the oceans is proposed using modeling results based on the topside true-height profiles provided by ISIS1, ISIS2, IK-19 and Cosmos-1809 satellites for the period of 1969–1987. Topside soundings results are compared with IRI and the Russian standard model of ionosphere, SMI, and grouped to provide an empirical calibration coefficient to the peak density and height generated from ITU-R maps. The grid-point calibration coefficients maps are produced in terms of the solar activity, geodetic latitude and longitude, universal time and season allowing update of IRI–ITU-R predictions of the F2 layer peak parameters.     

Tomographic reconstruction of the ionospheric electron density as a function of space and time

Electron density distribution is the major determining parameter of the ionosphere. Computerized Ionospheric Tomography (CIT) is a method to reconstruct ionospheric electron density image by computing Total Electron Content (TEC) values from the recorded Global Positioning Satellite System (GPS) signals. Due to the multi-scale variability of the ionosphere and inherent biases and errors in the computation of TEC, CIT constitutes an underdetermined ill-posed inverse problem. In this study, a novel Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) based CIT reconstruction technique is proposed for the imaging of electron density in both space (latitude, longitude, altitude) and time. The underlying model is obtained from International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) and the necessary measurements are obtained from earth based and satellite based GPS recordings. Based on the IRI-2007 model, a basis is formed by SVD for the required location and the time of interest. Selecting the first few basis vectors corresponding to the most significant singular values, the 3-D CIT is formulated as a weighted least squares estimation problem of the basis coefficients. By providing significant regularization to the tomographic inversion problem with limited projections, the proposed technique provides robust and reliable 3-D reconstructions of ionospheric electron density.     

Computerized ionospheric tomography with the IRI model

Computerized ionospheric tomography (CIT) is a method to estimate ionospheric electron density distribution by using the global positioning system (GPS) signals recorded by the GPS receivers. Ionospheric electron density is a function of latitude, longitude, height and time. A general approach in CIT is to represent the ionosphere as a linear combination of basis functions. In this study, the model of the ionosphere is obtained from the IRI in latitude and height only. The goal is to determine the best representing basis function from the set of Squeezed Legendre polynomials, truncated Legendre polynomials, Haar Wavelets and singular value decomposition (SVD). The reconstruction algorithms used in this study can be listed as total least squares (TLS), regularized least squares, algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) and a hybrid algorithm where the reconstruction from the TLS algorithm is used as the initial estimate for the ART. The error performance of the reconstruction algorithms are compared with respect to the electron density generated by the IRI-2001 model. In the investigated scenario, the measurements are obtained from the IRI-2001 as the line integral of the electron density profiles, imitating the total electron content estimated from GPS measurements. It has been observed that the minimum error between the reconstructed and model ionospheres depends on both the reconstruction algorithm and the basis functions where the best results have been obtained for the basis functions from the model itself through SVD.     

Local ionospheric electron density profile reconstruction in real time from simultaneous ground-based GNSS and ionosonde measurements

The purpose of the LIEDR (local ionospheric electron density profile reconstruction) system is to acquire and process data from simultaneous ground-based total electron content (TEC) and digital ionosonde measurements, and subsequently to deduce the vertical electron density distribution above the ionosonde’s location. LIEDR is primarily designed to operate in real time for service applications and, for research applications and further development of the system, in a post-processing mode. The system is suitable for use at sites where collocated TEC and digital ionosonde measurements are available. Developments, implementations, and some preliminary results are presented and discussed in view of possible applications.     

An empirical model of electron density for low and middle latitudes below 200 km

Our empirical model of electron density (n_e) for quiet and weakly disturbed geomagnetic conditions (Kp not greater 4) takes account of comparative analysis of existing models and of experimental data obtained by rockets and incoherent scatter radar. The model describes the n_e distribution in the 80 to 200 km height range at low and middle latitudes, and to some extent, in the subauroral region. It is presented in analytical form thus allowing one to calculate electron density profiles for any time. The electron density distribution at 140 km depends on the season (day of the year) and on the solar zenith angle. Profile variations during the day are for one season shown. Different from other models, ours specifies the variations during sunrise and sunset and reflects the particular profile shape at night admitting the occurrence of an intermediate layer.     

Reevaluation of thermosphere heating by auroral electrons

This paper presents a new calculation of neutral gas heating by precipitating auroral electrons. It is found that the heating rate of the neutral gas is significantly lower than previous determinations below 200 km altitude. The neutral gas heating arises from the many exothermic chemical reactions that take place from the ions and excited species created by the energetic electrons. The calculations show that less than half the energy initially deposited ends up heating the neutral gases. The rest is radiated or lost in the dissociation of O₂ because the O atoms do not recombine in the thermosphere. This paper also presents a new way of calculating the heating rate per ionization that can be used for efficient determination of the overall neutral gas heating for global thermosphere models. The heating rates are relatively insensitive to the neutral atmosphere when plotted against pressure rather than altitude coordinates. At high altitudes, the heating rates are sensitive to the thermal electron density and long-lived species. The calculations were performed with the Field Line Interhemispheric Plasma (FLIP) model using a 2-stream auroral electron precipitation model. The heating rate calculations in this paper differ from previous heating rate calculations in the treatment of backscattered electrons to produce better agreement with observed flux spectra. This paper shows that more realistic model auroral electron spectra can be obtained by reflecting the up going flux back to the ionosphere at the upper boundary of the model. In this case, the neutral gas heating rates are 20%–25% higher than when the backscattered flux escapes from the ionosphere.     

余辉等离子体的实验研究

利用调制脉冲产生的余辉等离子体的参数测量表明:等离子体空间电位和电子温度的衰变是重要的,它在余辉等离子体的密度衰变过程研究中必须予以考虑.对容器中余辉等离子体密度径向分布的测量结果与理论预言是一致的.     

电离层Es离子分布数值建模

从离子连续性方程和动量方程出发,比较全面地考虑了太阳光电离、星光电离、地冕电离、星际背景电离和流星离子流等电离源,综合分析Es层的主要动力学过程和光化学过程,以风剪切理论为基础,研究中性成分碰撞、电场作用、金属离子作用和分子离子作用等机制对离子分布的影响,建立了一维时变电离层Es物理模型.对离子产生率、垂直方向的离子速度在高度和时间上的变化进行仿真和计算,得到了在电场及风剪切作用下的离子密度剖面24h内的变化规律.根据建立的模型,以昆明相干散射雷达观测的径向风结果作为模型输入参考,仿真并得到了电离层Es电子密度的时空分布,据此反演出电离层Es临界频率f₀E_s.与昆明站电离层测高仪同时间观测的情况进行对比,结果比较一致,验证了建立的Es层物理模型正确性.