双体振贯采样磁力驱动式月壤采样器设计

为降低月壤采样器的功耗,并减小工作反力,提出一种双体振贯式采样方法,详细设计了两种不同磁力驱动方式的采样器,采用电磁仿真软件得到了采样器的驱动力,利用离散单元法数值模拟软件研究了颗粒单向运移特性,开展了采样器对模拟松散月壤和月壤硬岩的掘进采样试验,验证了采样器的驱动力大小.试验结果表明:采样器针对模拟松散月壤具有较高的...     

模拟月面环境钻进过程热特性研究

根据实际月面采样任务需求,月壤钻取采样器须在真空条件下,实现无辅助冷却介质的连续钻进取心工作,这极易导致钻头温度快速升高,影响采样任务的可靠进行。因此,为深入研究钻进过程的热特性,通过分析钻头切削具与孔底月壤的切削和摩擦机理,建立钻头在钻进过程中的温升模型,归纳影响钻头温升的主要因素。根据月面真空条件下的月壤环境,制备真空度低于10 Pa、钻进深度不少于2 m的模拟月壤,并开展钻进过程热特性试验。试验结果表明钻头前端切削具的温升与钻压力存在很强的正相关性,与钻头扭矩相关性较弱。基于试验结果对温升模型中的相关性系数进行修正,拟合出钻头温升曲线,并与试验实测结果进行对比,实现了钻进过程热特性的定性分析。     

一种基于可钻性在线辨识的月面钻进控制方法研究

钻取采样作为一种获取深层月壤的有效方式被应用于地外天体采样任务。不同于地面钻探,无人月面钻取采样面临诸多技术难点,例如遥操作信号延迟、探测器传感资源有限、缺乏采样点地质信息以及月壤力学特性复杂等。为保证采样任务高效可靠地执行,采样装置需充分利用有限的探测器硬件资源,依据钻进工况实时调整钻进工艺参数,对未知的钻进环境具有适应能力。提出一种基于可钻性在线辨识的月面钻进控制方法。利用可钻性指标综合评价当前对象的钻进难易程度,采用模式识别方法辨识钻进对象的可钻性等级并实时匹配最优的钻进工艺参数,从而实现钻进过程的智能控制。为验证所提出控制方法的有效性,开展了模拟月壤月岩交替布置的钻进试验研究。试验结果表明:该方法能够有效控制钻进负载。     

月面钻取式自动采样机构的设计与分析

月面自动采样机构是月球探测的重要工具之一,对实现月壤采样起着关键作用,是中国月球探测任务中急需解决的关键问题.文章提出了一种用于深层月壤样品采集的、具有同轴双管单动钻具和柔性取样袋的钻取式自动采样机构设计方案,详细阐述了采样机构的功能、组成与原理.通过对采样过程的力学特性进行分析,得到钻杆螺旋叶片升角为14°、轴向进给速度为5.7 mm/s和回转角速度为13.1 rad/s时钻进效果最优;且为获取1m深度月壤,钻杆直径不能小于7 mm.利用土力学仿真分析软件ABAQUS建立了月壤和钻具的力学模型,对钻具钻入月壤过程进行了动力学仿真,结果为钻进阻力约300 N、钻进阻力矩7.5 N·m.     

月壤微定量采样器设计与试验验证

根据月球极区的环境和工况,分析了科学探测仪器对月壤样本的实际需求,提出一种将采样与挥发分提取相耦合的挥发分制备方法.通过设计一种采样片,完成月壤的微定量采样,多个采样片串联装于采样管内组成采样器.采样后将采样片置于提取装置中加热,以感应加热的方式间接加热内部的月壤,完成挥发分制备.针对地外天体采样功能需求,对采样器和采...     

月壤水冰组构模拟及力学特性测试分析

针对月球遥感探测无法获知月壤水冰物理力学特性的定量信息,分析了月壤水冰采样探测与原位利用的技术难点,提出一种基于"相似性、等效性、均一性与覆盖性"的月壤水冰组构模拟方法,并在月面极区拟实温度环境下开展抗剪强度与泊松比测试,获得温度与含水率对月壤水冰力学特性的影响规律,得到了在特定条件下月壤水冰抗剪强度与泊松比的包络范围...     

月面钻进真空环境模拟装置的设计与验证

探月工程（三期）项目提出了在月面进行至少2 m深度的钻取采样任务,前期需要在地面进行模拟月面钻进过程热特性的研究,为此本文发明了一套月面真空环境模拟装置。根据模拟月壤钻进试验的要求,设计了一种可从底部抽气的三段式可多次拆装的真空罐结构。考虑到模拟月壤的颗粒大小和快速抽真空的要求,设计了一种筛网状具有多层过滤结构的月壤筒。根据在真空度不变的条件下可进行连续多次钻进试验的要求,设计了可从外部操作的具有缺齿结构的月壤筒转动机构。由真空度要求和可耐粉尘的特性要求,选取了三级扩散泵组。实验表明,在不放置模拟月壤的情况下,本环境模拟装置中的真空度可达10-1 Pa,在放置模拟月壤的情况下,真空度可达7 Pa,能够满足模拟月面钻进过程热特性试验的要求。此外,通过测量抽真空过程中真空度随时间的变化情况还得出了模拟月壤出气量曲线,对模拟月壤真空系统的实验应用具有重要价值。      

月壤采样冲击破碎过程的影响参数分析

针对月球表面的月壤采样过程中遇到不同粒度的块状月岩会对钻探取样工作造成不同程度的影响和阻碍的问题，提出了一种通过有限元仿真模型结合类月岩材料力学特性进行有效分析的方法，作为提高效率的依据。首先通过实验和仿真拟合，得到硬度接近于月岩的两种类岩石材料红砖和砂岩的材料模型参数。在此基础上，用实际尺寸的机构有限元模型进行仿真，得到采样冲击机构冲击过程中不同参数的影响。基于该参数分析，对于冲击机构及其冲击过程提出改进建议，可有效提高采样过程中冲击破碎岩石效率。     

无轴螺旋式模拟月壤主动填充装置研制

针对月面综合钻进试验台模拟月壤利用率和试验效率低的问题,提出一种主动送土试验台的设计方案,满足月面钻采作业机具的取芯特性专项验证需求。该方案利用无轴螺旋作为模拟月壤传送的核心部件,采用集成料斗实现难流动物料连续送料的功能,通过无轴螺旋转动主动将模拟月壤垂直送入取芯机构,代替综合钻进试验台钻取月壤的作用,可以实现多种级配模拟月壤的定量和定压输送。为了验证设计参数的正确性,利用EDEM离散元分析模拟月壤输送特性,并开展了试验验证。结果表明：以无轴螺旋作为主动送土机构的核心单元,可实现主动送土试验台自主、高效率地进行模拟月壤输送模拟多种取芯工况,为工程部门钻采作业机具研制定型提供性能参数验证的依据。     

Investigating the soil removal characteristics of flexible tube coring method for lunar exploration

Compared with other technical solutions, sampling the planetary soil and returning it back to Earth may be the most direct method to seek the evidence of extraterrestrial life. To keep sample’s stratification for further analyzing, a novel sampling method called flexible tube coring has been adopted for China future lunar explorations. Given the uncertain physical properties of lunar regolith, proper drilling parameters should be adjusted immediately in piercing process. Otherwise, only a small amount of core could be sampled and overload drilling faults could occur correspondingly. Due to the fact that the removed soil is inevitably connected with the cored soil, soil removal characteristics may have a great influence on both drilling loads and coring results. To comprehend the soil removal characteristics, a non-contact measurement was proposed and verified to acquire the coring and removal results accurately. Herein, further more experiments in one homogenous lunar regolith simulant were conducted, revealing that there exists a sudden core failure during the sampling process and the final coring results are determined by the penetration per revolution index. Due to the core failure, both drilling loads and soil’s removal states are also affected thereby.     

Research on the evaluation method of lunar soil disturbance based on the fitting of Gaussian surface

It is crucial to maintain the layer sequence information on in situ lunar soil during the lunar soil sampling. In this paper, a discrete element model for direct push sampling of the lunar weathering layer is established, and the relationship between the perturbation rate of the lunar soil layer sequence information and the sampling depth is obtained. A quantitative evaluation method of the perturbation rate of the structural information on the lunar soil layer sequence based on the Gaussian curvature is proposed by reconstructing the center-of-mass point cloud model of the marked layer lunar soil particles in MATLAB. The proposed method can accurately describe the perturbation rate of lunar soil layer sequence information and can analyze the degree of lunar soil disturbance according to the displacement of the sampling tube and mechanical parameters in real-time inversion during the sampling process. When the sampling depth is 40 mm, the minimum and maximum perturbation rates of sampling along the penetration direction of the machine are 5.261 % and 27.649 %, respectively. The perturbation rate shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. The method proposed in this study could effectively solve the problem that the disturbance of lunar soil bedding information was difficult to evaluate in the sampling process of lunar regolith.     

三层月壤模型的多通道微波辐射模拟与月壤厚度的反演

由月球表面数字高程试验性地构造了整个月球表面月壤厚度的分布.根据Clementine探月卫星的紫外-可见光光学数据,计算了整个月球表面月壤中FeO+TiO2含量分布,给出了整个月球表面月壤介电常数分布.由月球表层温度的观测结果以及月壤的导热特性,给出了月尘层与月壤层温度随纬度分布的经验公式.在这些条件的基础上,建立了月尘、月壤、月岩三层微波热辐射模型.由起伏逸散定理,模拟计算了该月球模型多通道辐射亮度温度.然后,以此辐射亮度温度模拟加随机噪声为理论观测值,按三层模型提出了月壤层厚度反演方法.由于高频通道穿透深度小,由高频通道的辐射亮度温度按照两层月尘-月壤微波热辐射模型反演月尘层与月壤层的物理温度,再由穿透深度较大的低频通道辐射亮度温度反演月壤层厚度.对于反演的相对误差也进行了讨论.      

考虑相互碰撞影响的月壤颗粒运动轨迹计算方法研究

针对登月着陆器下降过程扬起月壤颗粒的运动轨迹及空间分布问题, 提出了考虑月壤颗粒发生完全弹性碰撞和非完全弹性碰撞两种情况的月壤颗粒运动轨迹计算方法. 根据质量守恒和能量守恒定律确定月壤颗粒相互碰撞后的速度, 通过羽流场与月壤颗粒的流固耦合相互迭代计算方法, 获得被扬起的月壤颗粒在羽流场和相互碰撞共同作用下随时间的运动轨迹和空间分布. 基于美国Apollo 11登月过程实测数据, 采用数值模拟对该方法进行验证. 结果表明, 考虑月壤颗粒相互碰撞的影响后, 其运动规律出现较明显的扩散趋势. 进一步考虑月壤颗粒相互碰撞引起能量损失的影响后, 月壤颗粒的扩散趋势有所减弱, 并且扬起的高度随着恢复系数的减小而降低.      

模拟月壤铺粉过程DEM数值仿真

空基激光选区熔化（SLM）技术与原位资源利用（ISRU）概念结合，有望解决地外大规模基地建设的工程难题。SLM铺粉过程对成形件性能和质量有重要影响。基于非球形粒子叠加球模型方法，建立模拟月壤颗粒几何模型；基于线性弹簧-阻尼接触作用模型、Hamaker理论及牛顿运动定律，建立颗粒动力学模型；采用三维离散单元方法（DEM）及软球模型，进行不同工况下模拟月壤在铺粉过程中的流变特性研究。结果显示:所提模型和方法能开展指定工况和环境参数的模拟月壤颗粒系统流动性和堆积行为数值仿真研究；月面低重力环境导致粉床表面粗糙度变大、堆积密度和平均配位数变小；通过降低铺粉速度和优化刮刀型面，可以有效改善月基铺粉的粉床质量，获得更密实和均匀的粉床结构。      

A drilling tool design and in situ identification of planetary regolith mechanical parameters

The physical and mechanical properties as well as the heat flux of regolith are critical evidence in the study of planetary origin and evolution. Moreover, the mechanical properties of planetary regolith have great value for guiding future human planetary activities. For planetary subsurface exploration, an inchworm boring robot (IBR) has been proposed to penetrate the regolith, and the mechanical properties of the regolith are expected to be simultaneously investigated during the penetration process using the drilling tool on the IBR. This paper provides a preliminary study of an in situ method for measuring planetary regolith mechanical parameters using a drilling tool on a test bed. A conical-screw drilling tool was designed, and its drilling load characteristics were experimentally analyzed. Based on the drilling tool-regolith interaction model, two identification methods for determining the planetary regolith bearing and shearing parameters are proposed. The bearing and shearing parameters of lunar regolith simulant were successfully determined according to the pressure-sinkage tests and shear tests conducted on the test bed. The effects of the operating parameters on the identification results were also analyzed. The results indicate a feasible scheme for future planetary subsurface exploration.