Functional models for space power electronic circuits

Presented here is a new approach to model power electronic components so that system level issues of large space power systems can be studied. To demonstrate this approach, the models for two major power electronic components in the space station power system are described. The new models are useful not only in system level studies but also in the design/analysis of particular components     

空间模块化机械手系统容错控制系统研究

研究搭载在空间站或其他近地轨道航天器上的空间模块化机械手系统的容错控制系统.与地面应用环境相比较,空间特殊的应用环境存在许多不同,因而传统工业机械手系统的设计技术不能直接应用于空间机械手系统的设计.考虑到空间应用对系统质量、体积、功耗、研制费用和周期所提出的苛刻要求,主要采用COTS器件设计并实现该空间机械手系统的容错控制系统,介绍了系统的软硬件体系结构及其特点,最后给出系统的性能参数.在系统设计中采用许多已有的设计技巧与工程经验,具有高可靠性和工程实用性.     

Integration of Large Power Systems into Manned Space Stations

Essential design factors and system characteristics are explored for integration of large power systems into manned space stations. The impact of the type of power system selected upon the space station is outlined, as is the impact of the mission requirements upon the selection of power systems. Criteria for resolving the selection/application/ integration problems are provided. Comparisons between systems are based on recently defined space-station models for 90-day to five-year mission durations in the 1970' s, with four-to nine-man crews. Power systems encompass power levels from 3 to 50 kWe and include solar cell/battery. fuel cell, hybrid fuel cell/solar cell, radioisotope, and nuclear reactor systems. Thermoelectric, Brayton cycle, organic Rankine, and liquid-metal Rankine power conversion systems are considered for the nuclear energy sources. Both rigid and roll-out photovoltaic array configurations are analyzed with respect to the solar energy source.     

Space Station Power System

A Space Station Task Force was established by NASA in May 1982 to provide focus and direction for space station planning activities. The Task Force also provides Congress and the Administration with sufficient information to allow them to make an informed decision on whether the United States should proceed with a space station as the next major national initiative in space. This paper presents the status of planning activities to date, with major emphasis on the power system, and discusses technology options, power requirements, and schedule.     

基于OBDD的可修航天测控系统任务可靠性分析

基于顺序二元决策图(OBDD)理论,针对航天测控系统(TT&C系统)特点定义了新的OBDD数据结构,提出了一种考虑设备可修的TT&C系统任务可靠性分析方法.通过将各测控站的时间窗口划分为不同阶段,分析各阶段内设备逻辑关系并构建阶段OBDD模型,然后将所有阶段OBDD模型合并为最终的任务OBDD模型.采用连续时间Markov链(CTMC)分析可修设备的状态转移行为,基于新的OBDD数据结构给出了任务可靠性计算算法.与Markov方法和仿真方法的对比分析结果表明:所提出的方法能够精确计算设备可修的TT&C系统任务可靠性,设备数量多于30个时算法效率高于Markov方法.      

地球观测科学的发展以及空间站对地观测

综述了地球观测科学的发展以及空间站对地观测。对载人空间站在对地观测中的优势、类型和应用进行了重点论述。介绍了我国空间站对地观测应用的重要意义。最后，论述了以空间站为核心的天基信息网和遥感技术的快速发展是空间对地观测的主要发展趋势。     

重力姿轨耦合效应引起的太阳能电站轨道共振

以任意相控阵天线式空间太阳能电站为研究对象,主要研究了其在轨运行过程中受到的重力姿轨耦合效应对其轨道运动的影响。首先,通过Hamilton原理建立起考虑重力姿轨耦合效应时的姿态运动和轨道运动的方程。其中,任意相控阵天线式空间太阳能电站被简化成刚体,它的重力势能以其结构尺寸和其轨道半径的比值为小量进行泰勒展开,并保留至二阶项。之后,采用解析的方法对方程进行分析,并发现当电站的姿态运动满足一定条件时,其轨道运动将会出现共振现象。此外,重力姿轨耦合效应还会引起空间太阳能电站轨道运动长期的漂移,通过选择合适的轨道运动初始条件可以消除漂移;而且,在一定条件下,重力姿轨耦合效应还会引起轨道运动的发散。最后,数值仿真结果验证了分析的正确性。     

机场导航台无线遥控

随着民航机场建设的加强，机场导航台遥控方式的选择渐渐提上议程。针对无线控遥的特点和功能，提出了利用以ＰＣ机为主的无线遥控原理的硬件模型。     

空间站太阳能吸热器蓄热性能地面模拟试验

利用相变材料 (PCM)的熔化潜热来蓄热可以保证空间站太阳能热动力系统在轨道的阴影期内仍能连续发电。针对这一核心技术 ,建立了空间太阳能吸热 -储热器单元换热器地面模拟实验台。在模拟轨道条件下 ,对不同入射热流、不同工质进口温度及不同工质流量进行了多种组合测试。结果表明 ,单管工质气体的出口温升在轨道的日照期和阴影期都达到了预期的要求 ,相变材料容器的最高温度和平均温度都处于材料的安全范围内。     

先进空间运输系统气动设计综述

天地往返运输系统是能够自由进出空间轨道、安全返回地球表面、执行天地往返运输任务的航天运输体系。近年来,随着先进动力、新材料、新工艺的带动效应逐渐显现,各航天集团开始了新一轮先进天地往返系统的研究,其中大量研究项目针对具备完全可重复使用、可大幅降低运送有效载荷进入太空成本的先进天地往返运输系统展开。本文针对这一热点领域进行综述性研究,对不同类型进出大气层飞行器的气动设计特点进行了分析,结果表明跨大气层飞行器是天地往返运输系统的主要载体,认为未来主要以火箭助推入轨滑翔再入和水平起飞水平返回为主要发展方向,两类飞行在气动设计方面有高超飞行器宽域飞行适应性的共性难题,同时在气动-动力一体化化设计方面又有较大的差异。     

基于改进姿态控制系统模型的卫星多学科优化

分析了三轴稳定卫星姿态控制分系统与其它分系统的耦合关系,选定了姿态稳定方式和姿态控制系统硬件,建立了更为精确的计算姿态控制分系统质量和功率的分析模型,然后基于多学科设计优化协同优化算法建立了总体系统、姿态控制分系统、电源分系统和结构分系统的优化模型,最后用C语言对分析模型和优化模型编程计算.结果表明,分系统模型能与总体系统模型有效协调优化,得到更好的总体性能指标.      

Cleaning space debris with a space-based laser system

High-energy pulsed laser radiation may be the most feasible means to mitigate the threat of collision of a space station or other valuable space assets with orbital debris in the size range of 1–10 cm. Under laser irradiation, part of the debris material is ablated and provides an impulse to the debris particle. Proper direction of the impulse vector either deflects the object trajectory or forces the debris on a trajectory through the upper atmosphere, where it burns up. Most research concentrates on ground-based laser systems but pays little attention to space-based laser systems.There are drawbacks of a ground-based laser system in cleaning space debris. Therefore the placement of a laser system in space is proposed and investigated. Under assumed conditions,the elimination process of space debris is analyzed. Several factors such as laser repetition frequency, relative movement between the laser and debris, and inclination of debris particles which may exercise influence to the elimination effects are discussed. A project of a space-based laser system is proposed according to the numerical results of a computer study. The proposed laser system can eliminate debris of 1–10 cm and succeed in protecting a space station.     

空间站机械臂关键技术研究

我国空间站机械臂承担舱段转位、辅助对接、舱外设备安装及维修等关键任务,具有大负载、高精度、高可靠等特点,涉及机、电、热、光、控等多学科技术交叉耦合,高度集成且研制难度巨大。在分析、比较国内外机械臂的基础上,提出了我国空间站七自由度冗余、分布式控制、位置可移动的机械臂技术方案,并阐述了高精度伺服控制、多约束路径规划等八类关键技术研究成果。空间站机械臂已具备了工程化实施条件,为我国空间站工程建设奠定了基础。     

Parametric cost model for solar space power and DIPS systems

A detailed cost model has been developed to parametrically determine the program development and production cost of photovoltaic, solar dynamic, and dynamic isotope (DIPS) space power systems. The model is applicable in the net electrical power range of 3 to 300 kWe for solar power and 0.5 to 10 kWe for DIPS. Application of the cost model allows spacecraft or space-based power system architecture and design trade studies or budgetary forecasting and cost benefit analyses. The cost model considers all major power subsystems (i.e., power generation, power conversion, energy storage, thermal management, and power management/distribution/control). It also considers system cost effects such as integration, testing, and management. The cost breakdown structure, model assumptions, ground rules, bases, cost estimation relationship format, and rationale are presented, and the application of the cost model to 100-kWe solar space power plants and to a 1.0-kWe DIPS is demonstrated     

空间站姿态控制的一种新算法

以四元数作为定位参数对空间站进行姿态控制。首先给出了以四元数表示的系统动力学西式其次提出了非线性三轴姿态控制方法,该方法是以四元数作为反馈量,控制力矩陀螺作为执行元件,利用李亚普诺夫函数对非线性系统进行控制,为大型航天器的姿态控制开辟了新的途径;最后以一空间粘为例进行了姿态控制仿真计算,从而说明以四元数为定位参数的空间站姿态控制方法具有计算速度快、计算精度高等优点。     

Satellite communication system integrated into terrestrial ISDN

This paper presents an advanced satellite communication system named DYANET II. This system uses satellite channels as subscriber lines for ISDN customers as well as trunk circuits for overflow traffic. The system can offer the same ISDN services to satellite customers as those available to terrestrial subscribers in terms of numbering, signaling, and charging systems as well as user-network interfaces. It can also set up satellite channels on a demand assignment basis to achieve efficient satellite channel utilization, and to connect customers by single-hop satellite connections. A compact, lightweight Earth station has been developed for remote customers and temporary demands such as exhibitions.     

空间站姿态控制系统实时仿真研究

研究了五棱锥构型的单框架控制力矩陀螺群作为执行机构的空间站姿态控制系统的实时仿真问题.根据空间站姿态控制系统的实时分布式仿真要求设计了仿真节点结构,综合了四种网络连接形式构建系统的实时网络环境,说明了仿真系统软、硬件平台的选择,以及系统仿真中的调度设计问题.最后对整个系统进行了分布实时仿真,运行结果说明了这种空间站姿态控制系统方案是可行的.     

FEL system for energy transmission

The use of a free electron laser (FEL) as the power source for transmission from Earth stations to space assets is discussed. Considerations of requirements including net power transmitted, system reliability, system availability, cost, and technical maturity are addressed to determine a reasonable development path to an optimal system. Various applications of transmitted power are examined such as supplementary power to communications satellites, orbit raising through the use of electric and thermal thrusters, supplementary power to manned orbiters and space stations. It is seen that each of these applications leads to different stages of infrastructure development, and that a program following a near optimal development path can lead to a system that has justifiable investments for the services delivered at each stage past the initial technology demonstration     

空间大型机械臂系统载运轨迹优化方法

针对在搬运及组装数十吨级负载过程中,空间站用大型机械臂会对空间站载体姿态产生扰动的问题,提出了一种笛卡尔轨迹参数化方法。利用基于广义雅克比矩阵（GJM）的分解运动速度控制和优化算法来实现基座姿态扰动控制,建立了反映载体姿态变化的目标函数。基于关节运动范围及避免动力学奇异等约束,采用粒子群（PSO）算法进行目标函数的优化,有效降低了空间大型机械臂系统在搬运重型负载过程中对载体姿态的影响。仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。     

空间光学遥感器的发展对先进复合材料的需求

从国内外空间光学遥感器技术发展的需要出发,提出了对该领域内基础材料的需求及其应用特点。在此基础上,又提出了空间光学遥感器中光机结构材料和典型的光学反射镜材料在机械稳定性和热稳定性方面的要求。还提出了应用材料在空间中的热真空适应性和表面防护问题。同时介绍了新型空间光学遥感器中应用的新型复合材料。