基于虚拟拦截点的预测制导算法设计

针对临近空间拦截弹中制导段大部分所处空域空气稀薄的情景,提出一种基于虚拟拦截点的预测制导直接力修正算法。首先,为提高预报速度,利用弹道拟合法对再入段的滑翔弹道进行快速预报;其次,利用预报弹道的终点和预测拦截点的几何关系得到虚拟拦截点,针对虚拟拦截点解二体Lambert问题以确定变轨需用速度,并依据此速度预报弹道,解算零控脱靶量;最后,经多次预报后得到零控脱靶量最小的虚拟拦截点,以此确定最终变轨需用速度并利用速度增益进行修正。仿真结果表明,与无虚拟拦截点修正的策略相比,针对虚拟拦截点的拦截修正方法有效减少了发动机燃料消耗和零控脱靶量,更好地满足中制导能量约束和精度要求。     

基于零控脱靶量的大气层外超远程拦截制导

考虑拦截器使用固体推进系统的情况,设计了基于零控脱靶量(ZEM)的大气层外超远程拦截制导方法。首先设计了考虑摄动影响的适用于超远程拦截的零控脱靶量计算方法;其次使用变分法结合Kepler轨道摄动方程推导了线性的ZEM动力学方程;最后考虑固体推进拦截器的可控性约束条件设计了ZEM控制律并结合动力学方程确定指令推力方向。本文给出的制导方法设计过程中没有对拦截器和目标的引力差进行简化,考虑了摄动因素对滑行段弹道的影响,制导精度对推进系统参数偏差的鲁棒性好。仿真结果表明使用本文制导方法拦截大气层外超远程目标,脱靶量可达公里量级,推进系统参数偏差对制导精度的影响很小。     

超音速反舰导弹突防的三维制导建模研究

三维变轨制导律的设计是超音速反舰导弹提高突防能力的有效方法。为了深入研究超音速反舰导弹变轨突防的三维制导规律,针对反舰导弹、拦截弹和目标舰艇之间相对运动的特点,分别建立了三维空间中反舰导弹与拦截弹和反舰导弹与目标舰艇的相对运动矢量方程及其视线速率方程,为超音速反舰导弹变轨突防的三维制导规律研究与仿真提供了基础和前提。     

最优拦截制导律

本文应用最优控制的方法,讨论了将拦截器视为—阶滞后环节,到达“零控拦截曲面”上的拦截问題。得到了闭环最优制导律。已知,将拦截器和目标均视为质点,固定时间,能量指标的最优制导律是比例导航。由于实现它,设备筒单,目前仍使用。但随着导弹技术的发展,制导精度要求越来越高。因此,需要考虑影响制导精度的因素。在诸因素中,拦截器的动态响应过程和目标加速度是两项主要因素。然而,要把拦截器的动态响应过程给与精确描述,一则不可能;二则既使可能问题又变得异常复杂无法解决。为此,我们将拦截器视为—阶滞后环节,讨论其拦截问题是有意义的。     

大气层内模型预测静态规划拦截中制导

在临近空间机动目标拦截中,拦截器的初始动力段对中制导段乃至末端拦截性能具有重要影响。在模型预测静态规划（MPSP）理论基础上提出了一种初、中制导联合规划制导方法,旨在解决多阶段、快速、最优拦截轨迹规划和制导问题。首先,提出了一种改进的模型预测静态规划方法,该方法不仅可以满足终端约束,还可以生成最优初始状态,并在性能指标中考虑状态变量相关函数。其次,基于等效阻力模型建立了包含动力段与非动力段的两段规划模型,通过采用分段离散以及构建关机点变分关系的方法,避免了内点约束的引入,使MPSP算法可直接求解该两段规划问题。最后,结合提出的MPSP算法以及两段规划模型,实现了终端速度最优的拦截轨迹规划,结合目标预测方法,实现了对机动目标的预测拦截。仿真结果表明,本文方法可提高制导精度和终端速度,且能更好满足对机动目标的拦截需求。     

轨道拦截问题的一种精确初制导方法研究

对于轨道拦截问题,给出了一种基于速度增益制导和状态转移矩阵的精确初制导方法。该初制导方法能补偿制导方法误差和轨道摄动对拦截脱靶量的影响。仿真结果表明,所提出的精确初制导方法合理、有效,能在增加较小燃料消耗的情况下,大大提高轨道拦截的制导精度。     

全电推进卫星小推力变轨策略星上计算方法研究

全电推进卫星星上自主变轨,是全电推进卫星重要的发展方向。为了获得运算量小、计算简单、可以星上计算且变轨时间最短的小推力变轨策略,研究了Lyapunov反馈制导律和推力矢量分段固定法两种方法。基于Lyapunov反馈制导律的变轨策略,权重系数在地面进行优化,推力指向星上实时计算,在标称任务工况下变轨时间比理论最优解加长8.18%。推力矢量分段固定法变轨策略更为简单,每10天星上对两个关键控制参数Ψ1,Ψ2进行修正,推力指向变化规律恒定,变轨时间比理论最优解加长7.43%。两种方法都具有任务适应性好和计算简单的优点,Lyapunov反馈制导律对姿态控制能力要求较高,推力矢量分段固定法姿态控制要求容易满足,后者更适合于卫星应用。     

带有不确定因素的最优拦截制导律

本文从微分对策观点出发,利用极小极大原理讨论了带有不确定因素的最优拦截制导律。在选择特定的过渡时间时,最优拦截制导律具有综合形式。仍由二部分组成:一部分是变系数比例导航,另一部分是与导弹加速度有关的修正项。     

一种利于交班的舰空导弹最优中制导律设计

针对舰空导弹超视距拦截低空飞行目标问题,在复合制导的中制导段,建立了导弹拦截目标的相对运动模型,依据制导平台无线电指令修正信息,考虑舰空导弹拦截低空目标时的飞行速度特性,给出了预测遭遇点的实时解算模型,并确定了利于中末制导交班的中制导终端约束条件。基于拦截预测遭遇点,引入伪控制量的概念,应用线性二次型最优控制理论,设计了一种基于拦截预测遭遇点的利于制导交班的最优中制导律,仿真结果验证了预测遭遇点实时解算模型和最优中制导律的正确性与有效性。     

使用神经网络的末制导方法

选择具有常值加速度的目标作为一个简化但有代表性的目标模型,以拦截弹的△ｖ最小为性能指标,得到了一定初始拦截距离下的训练数据,并使用ＢＰ算法对神经网络进行了训练,在有目标机动加速度估计误差的情况下,将神经网络制导获得的拦截精度和变轨机动速度增量同用扩展比例导引得到的结果进行了比较,结果表明,神经网络导引法能够保证对目标的拦截精度,具有很强的适应性。     

主动雷达制导型空空导弹的火控算法

主动雷达制导型空空导弹是当今战斗飞机最重要的空战武器。一般均采用复合制导模式；具有多目标攻击能力；可以远距拦射，也可以近距格斗。主动雷达制导型空空导弹具有许多重要的特点和优点。本文讨论主动雷达制导型空空导弹的火控攻击算法，内容包括：攻击瞄准向量方程及其求解，主动末制导段起始点目标位置角验算等。     

Three-dimensional cooperative guidance strategy and guidance law for intercepting highly maneuvering target

Cooperative interception of the target with strong maneuverability by multiple missiles with weak maneuverability in the three-dimensional nonlinear model is studied. Firstly, the three-dimensional nonlinear model of cooperative guidance is established. The three-dimensional reachable region is represented composed of lateral acceleration and longitudinal acceleration in the two-dimensional coordinate system. Secondly, the problem of the multiple missile's reachable coverage area is transformed into the problem of cooperative coverage. A cooperative coverage strategy is proposed and an algorithm for quickly calculating the number of required missiles is designed. Then, the guidance law based on the cooperative coverage strategy is proposed, and it is proved that cooperative interception of the target can be achieved under the acceleration limit. Moreover, the relations among the number of missiles, the initial array position of terminal guidance and the coverage area of the target’s large maneuver are analyzed. The dynamic adjustment strategy of guidance parameters is proposed to reduce the guidance error. Finally, simulation results show that multiple missiles with low maneuverability can achieve effective interception of target with strong maneuverability through the proposed cooperative strategy and cooperative guidance method.     

过载约束下的大机动目标协同拦截

研究了非线性拦截几何下具有过载约束的多枚弱机动能力的导弹拦截强机动能力的目标的协同拦截问题。首先，在建立导弹的可达域、导弹的可行域以及目标的逃逸域这3个概念的基础上提出了非线性拦截几何下的基于逃逸域覆盖的协同拦截策略，并提出了基于标准弹道的设计方法。然后，给出了协同拦截制导律的形式，研究了导弹的末制导初始阵位、制导律参数以及导弹对目标机动的覆盖区域这三者间的关系，并设计了数值求解算法来实现对多弹的覆盖区域的分配、协同制导律的设计以及多弹初始拦截阵位的配置。最后，对理论结果进行仿真。结果显示，多枚机动性较小的导弹，通过初始拦截阵位的合理配置和协同拦截制导律的合理设计，可以实现对机动性能较强的目标的协同拦截。     

A novel cooperative mid-course guidance scheme for multiple intercepting missiles

In the interception engagement,if the target movement information is not accurate enough for the mid-course guidance of intercepting missiles,the interception mission may fail as a result of large handover errors.This paper proposes a novel cooperative mid-course guidance scheme for multiple missiles to intercept a target under the condition of large detection errors.Under this scheme,the launch and interception moments are staggered for different missiles.The earlier launched missiles can obtain a relatively accurate detection to the target during their terminal guidance,based on which the latter missiles are permitted to eliminate the handover error in the mid-course guidance.A significant merit of this scheme is that the available resources are fully exploited and less missiles are needed to achieve the interception mission.To this end,first,the design of cooperative handover parameters is formulated as an optimization problem.Then,an algorithm based on Monte Carlo sampling and stochastic approximation is proposed to solve this optimization problem,and the convergence of the algorithm is proved as well.Finally,simulation experiments are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed cooperative scheme and algorithm.     

基于H∞性能指标的质量矩拦截弹鲁棒控制

 以所建立的质量矩拦截弹数学模型为基础，利用微分几何的反馈线性化理论，得到一个解耦线性系统，考虑到拦截弹的鲁棒性要求和3个滑块的协调控制问题，提出采用双回路的设计方法，内回路采用线性二次调节器（LQR），外回路采用考虑混合灵敏度问题的H_∞控制设计。仿真结果证明了该方法动态性能满足设计要求，同时对系统参数的不确定性具有较强的鲁棒性。     

An online data driven actor-critic-disturbance guidance law for missile-target interception with input constraints

In this article, we develop an online robust actor-critic-disturbance guidance law for a missile-target interception system with limited normal acceleration capability. Firstly, the missiletarget engagement is formulated as a zero-sum pursuit-evasion game problem. The key is to seek the saddle point solution of the Hamilton Jacobi Isaacs(HJI) equation, which is generally intractable due to the nonlinearity of the problem. Then, based on the universal approximation capability of Neural Networks(N...     

空间拦截红外末制导中拦截器与目标相对距离的估计

从空间拦截运动学方程出发建立了一个恰当的数学模型,运用基于两种规范型的非线性状态观测器设计方法,通过对相对速度在视线法向分量的观测,解决了红外末制导中拦截器与目标相对距离的估计问题。仿真结果表明估计的效果良好。     

Trajectory prediction in pipeline form for intercepting hypersonic gliding vehicles based on LSTM

The interception problem of Hypersonic Gliding Vehicles (HGVs) has been an important aspect of missile defense systems. In order to provide interceptors with accurate information of target trajectory, a model based on an improved Long Short-Time Memory (LSTM) network for trajectory prediction pipeline is proposed for the interception of a skip gliding hypersonic target. Firstly, for trajectory prediction required by intercepting guidance laws, the altitude, velocity and velocity direction of the target are formulated in the form of analytic functions, consisting of linear decay terms and amplitude decay sinusoidal terms. Then, the dynamic characteristics of the model parameters are analyzed, and the target trajectory prediction pipeline is proposed with the prediction error considered. Finally, an improved LSTM network is designed to estimate parameters in a dynamically-updated manner, and estimation results are used for the calculation of the final trajectory prediction pipeline. The proposed prediction algorithm provides information on the velocity vector for midcourse guidance with the effect of prediction errors on interception taken into account. Simulation is conducted and the results show the high accuracy of the algorithm in HGVs’ trajectory prediction which is conducive to increasing the interception success rate.