高速飞行器热结构工作时变模态参数辨识

高速飞行器由于其很高的飞行速度而无可避免地受到气动加热作用的影响,进而引起结构特性的时变。采用理论或有限元方法(FEM)进行数值分析,难以获取反映结构在飞行(工作)状态下的真实模态参数。通过辨识获取高速飞行器热环境下的时变结构模态参数是一项十分具有挑战性的任务。针对此问题,引入参数化时频域的最大似然方法,对气动加热作用下的高速飞行器升力面结构的时变模态参数进行了辨识。通过模拟真实飞行状态的数值算例研究,说明参数化时频域的最大似然方法能够很好地辨识出低信噪比(SNR)情况下的模态频率和模态振型,验证了参数化时频域最大似然方法适用于具有显著时变特征的高速飞行器热结构的时变结构模态参数辨识,可为将来相关的工程研究和应用提供良好的理论支持。     

微型涡轮喷气发动机发展综述

100 daN以下推力的微型涡轮喷气发动机能为微小型飞行器提供优质和可靠的动力,已成为国内外研究的热点.微型涡轮喷气发动机具有尺寸小、转速高、零件数少、工作时间长、推力易调节、红外辐射低、能重复使用等优点.其推重比已经超过11.0,已在无人作战飞行器、防空武器靶标、精确打击弹药、试验飞行器等装备上大量应用.本文从研发机构与代表产品、性能与结构特点、应用现状等方面,对微型涡轮喷气发动机20世纪50年代以来的发展情况进行了综述,可为今后国内研制高性能微型涡轮喷气发动机提供参考.随着进一步降低成本、提高推重比,微型涡轮喷气发动机将有更强的竞争力和更广的发展前景.     

飞行器集群协同制导控制方法及应用研究

分析了目前多飞行器协同作战的发展现状与趋势，指出了多飞行器以编队形式进行协调与配合，可以有效提高突防概率与作战效能。针对飞行器集群协同制导控制技术，分析梳理了相关的技术难点。然后，分别对协同任务规划与动态目标分配方法和多飞行器编队协同控制方法、多约束条件下的分布式协同制导方法的国内外研究现状进行了介绍。最后对飞行器集群协同制导控制技术进行了总结，并对未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

无人机自主控制发展趋势研究

根据无人机自主控制的定义与内涵,将无人机自主控制关键技术划分为态势感知技术、规划与协同技术、自主决策技术和执行任务技术,并针对这四项关键技术发展所涉及内容分别进行了层级研究,初步给出了我国无人机自主控制层级发展规划和层级发展趋势图,可以为我国建立无人机自主控制能力标准或者开展无人机自主控制研究项目提供参考.     

无人机集群研究进展综述

集群行为是一种常见于自然界中鱼群、鸟群、蜂群等低等群居生物的集体行为，生物群中的个体仅依靠局部感知作用和简单的通信规则自主决定其运动状态，并且从简单的局部规则涌现出协同的整体行为。受此启发，提出了无人机集群作战的概念。无人机集群作战是指依靠大量低成本、速度快、适应能力强、易于携带和投射的无人机形成规模优势，从而取得战争的主动权。由于无人机集群技术的重要战略地位，中美俄等军事大国均开始重视无人机集群技术的持续发展。介绍了无人机集群的研究动机，从模型、协议和平台3个角度总结了研究方法，重点分析了几种典型作战模式以及涉及的若干关键技术。综上所述，集群技术在军事方面具有重要的应用价值，必将引领全新的作战模式。     

Antenna systems of radio equipment for advanced UAVs: Problems and lines of development

The paper deals with the problem of creating airborne antenna systems for advanced unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The ways of solving the basic problems, based on a combination of empirical approaches, electrodynamic simulation, and experimental results are proposed.     

A Problem of choosing an optimal number of information unmanned aerial vehicles

Using formalism of the queueing theory, we propose two-objective models for optimizing the number of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) designed for remote monitoring (reconnaissance) of certain regions. A model that takes into account the UAV failure in performing a flight mission is considered. The numerical method and examples of solving problems stated are presented.     

Cooperative task assignment of multiple heterogeneous unmanned aerial vehicles using a modified genetic algorithm with multi-type genes

The task assignment problem of multiple heterogeneous unmanned aerial vehicles （UAVs）, concerned with cooperative decision making and control, is studied in this paper. The heterogeneous vehicles have different operational capabilities and kinematic constraints, and carry limited resources （e.g., weapons） onboard. They are designated to perform multiple consecutive tasks cooperatively on multiple ground targets. The problem becomes much more complicated because of these terms of heterogeneity. In order to tackle the challenge, we modify the former genetic algorithm with multi-type genes to stochastically search a best solution. Genes of chromo- somes are different, and they are assorted into several types according to the tasks that must be performed on targets. Different types of genes are processed specifically in the improved genetic operators including initialization, crossover, and mutation. We also present a mirror representation of vehicles to deal with the limited resource constraint. Feasible chromosomes that vehicles could perform tasks using their limited resources under the assignment are created and evolved by genetic operators. The effect of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated in numerical simulations. The results show that it effectively provides good feasible solutions and finds an optimal one.     

Major new thrust for MEMS engines

The application of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) to space flight is reviewed. The applications include use as microthrusters on mini-size and smaller satellites, in missile defense systems, and as propulsion systems for miniature unmanned aerial vehicles.     

无人驾驶飞行器的气动特点和设计

首先论述了发展无人驾驶飞行器(UAV)的重要性,集中介绍了2种UAV的平台,包括:高空长航时UAV和无人战斗机(UCAV)。讨论了这2种飞行器空气动力特点和气动设计的主要问题。对于高空长航时UAV设计中要重点发展的专用翼型的设计,介绍了一种新型的杂交设计思想和提出了基于CFD技术的多目标多点优化设计的工具。讨论了此类飞行器三维机翼设计的基本要求和三维后掠自然层流机翼的设计。UCAV设计中强调了气动/隐身综合设计的重要性,讨论了无尾布局时新型先进气动控制和矢量推进相结合的必要和难点。     

航拍视频的多向条带拼接算法

无人机航拍视频中经常出现航向频繁改变的情况。基于条带的视频拼接算法尽管在处理速度上有很大优势,但是限制了相机的拍摄方式,主要处理平动相机拍摄的视频。用于采集全景图信息的纵向条带如用来扫描非平动场景会使效率降低甚至失效,所以不能直接拼接航拍视频。针对该问题,本文提出一种多向条带拼接算法,通过量化场景运动方向到预先定义的多个区间,分情况选取最佳方向的条带,控制了条带扫描方向与场景运动方向之间的最大夹角,从而避免了采集效率的降低。实验结果表明这种方法能有效拼接航向变化的仿真视频,全景图结果覆盖的场景范围大于原算法,证明了算法的有效性。     

飞行器气动-隐身综合性能评估的灰关联度分析模型

 采用结构化网格和求解Navier-Stokes方程的方法,进行了无人机和巡航导弹气动性能计算,并数值模拟了其气动流场,所得结果与工程实际现象吻合;分别建立了无人机和巡航导弹的曲面及面劈模型,根据GRECO-WM方法,计算了其表面全向雷达散射截面(RCS)值;基于灰色系统的灰关联度分析理论,提出了气动-隐身综合性能的量化评判模型,并对2种无人机和3种巡航导弹的综合性能进行了评价,得到了对工程设计具有参考价值的结论。     

Optimization of efficient order service by information unmanned aerial vehicles

We propose a mathematical model and the numerical method for an optimal choice of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) from those being in flight to fulfill a newly received order for monitoring (reconnaissance) of a new region. Examples of using the approach being proposed and main lines of its realization in promising information unmanned aircraft complexes (UAC) are presented.     

无人机电磁弹射技术研究

与现有的各种无人机发射方式相比,无人机电磁弹射方式具有更多的优点,能更好地提高无人机发射效率。通过原理性分析以及导轨起飞运动学分析,对无人机电磁弹射技术进行了可行性研究。高功率脉冲电源系统释放强直电流后,电流经导轨与电枢形成回路,在回路间产生强磁场,无人机受电磁推力作用沿导轨高速运动。最后通过实例的计算数据比较,确定无人机电磁弹射技术是可行的且优点明显。     

低雷诺数小型无人驾驶飞行器气动设计

讨论了当前固定翼小型无人驾驶飞行器(SUAV)的发展.分析了低雷诺数小型飞机的空气动力特性,包括对升阻比和分离气泡的影响.根据设计性能指标,进行总体参数估算,完成了两种方案的外形设计,分别采用了正常和无平尾的布局形式,进行了不同的低雷诺数翼型和机翼配置,并对设计结果进行了气动分析.讨论了两种布局形式的优缺点,包括起降性能和稳定性,完成了总体气动方案的初步设计.     

多架无人机的协同攻击航路规划

针对多架无人机协同攻击同一目标问题,提出了一种航路规划方法.首先根据已知的导弹、雷达等威胁的位置,通过Voronoi图建立初始进入航路,并利用B样条曲线修正初始航路产生无人机可飞航路,然后对多架无人机的航路进行协同修正以满足协同攻击要求.最后对无人机的退出航路规划进行了研究分析,并结合具体问题进行了仿真检验.     

A data driven approach for detection and isolation of anomalies in a group of UAVs

The use of groups of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) has greatly expanded UAV’s capabilities in a variety of applications, such as surveillance, searching and mapping. As the UAVs are operated as a team, it is important to detect and isolate the occurrence of anomalous aircraft in order to avoid collisions and other risks that would affect the safety of the team. In this paper, we present a data-driven approach to detect and isolate abnormal aircraft within a team of formatted flying aerial vehicles, which removes the requirements for the prior knowledge of the underlying dynamic model in conventional model-based fault detection algorithms. Based on the assumption that normal behaviored UAVs should share similar(dynamic) model parameters, we propose to firstly identify the model parameters for each aircraft of the team based on a sequence of input and output data pairs, and this is achieved by a novel sparse optimization technique. The fault states of the UAVs would be detected and isolated in the second step by identifying the change of model parameters.Simulation results have demonstrated the efficiency and flexibility of the proposed approach.     

Selection of an Audibility Criterion for Propeller Driven Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

Based on a flight experiment, the difference between the total aircraft noise level and the ambient noise is proposed to be used as an audibility criterion for unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with piston engines. It is found that the unmanned aerial vehicle becomes audible for an observer at a criterion value of 3 dBA.     

Design of precision balance and aerodynamic characteristic measurement system for micro aerial vehicles

This paper presents the design and validation of a measurement system for the aerodynamic characteristics of micro aerial vehicles. Micro aerial vehicles are very small, have a wingspan of about 100–150 mm, and operate at relatively low Reynolds numbers. A precision aerodynamic balance was designed in order to measure the lift, drag, rolling-moment, and pitching-moment of micro air vehicles, as these parameters are too small to be determined by general-purpose aerodynamic measurement systems. During the design process, the aerodynamic balance was analyzed with the finite-element method in order to produce an optimal design and was calibrated as well. The calibration results and the finite element analysis results were compared and found to be in good agreement and the final design was determined to be acceptable. In addition, a computer-based data acquisition system has been developed to acquire measurement data from the aerodynamic balance. Wind tunnel tests of a 2D airfoil were performed to validate the aerodynamic measurement system. Results of the wind tunnel tests were compared with references and found to be in good agreement. Finally, we measured aerodynamic characteristics of MAV wing model used in Batwing with the developed aerodynamic measurement system.     

一种小型自主飞行无人机系统集成设计研究

小型自主飞行无人机系统又称为空中机器人,泛指各种能够在空中自由飞行的无人飞行器系统,具有广泛的应用前景.论述了一种5kg小型自主飞行无人机系统的飞行平台的设计与实现、系统选择与集成、图像处理的方法、电磁兼容问题及解决措施等,最终成功地实现了自主飞行,并在"枭龙杯"中国空中机器人大赛上获奖.设计方法在无人机系统试飞和比赛中都得到了验证,证明是有效的.