基于自适应遗传算法的DGPS整周模糊度快速解算

 鉴于遗传算法(GA)所具有的全局搜索特性,也为了更快速准确地解算差分全球定位系统(DGPS)整周模糊度,将自适应遗传算法(AGA)引入DGPS整周模糊度的搜索中。首先根据全球定位系统(GPS)载波相位双差方程求解出双差整周模糊度的浮点解,并以基线长度作为约束条件确定整周模糊度的搜索范围;然后利用白化滤波的方法对整周模糊度进行降相关处理,降低整周模糊度各分量之间的相关性;最后将自适应遗传算法应用在整周模糊度的解算过程中,搜索整周模糊度的最优解。仿真计算结果表明,与LAMBDA算法和简单遗传算法相比,自适应遗传算法能够快速地求解整周模糊度,也具有较好的可靠性和鲁棒性。     

一种适合单频GPS动态求解整周模糊度的方法

对于高精度测量和导航,GPS载波相位整周模糊度的快速求解仍然是一个难点,尤其对于单频接收机。本文提出一种动态快速求解整周模糊度的方法,其基本思想先对系数阵进行QR分解,然后通过矩阵变换使模糊度参数和位置参数分离,从而降低矩阵的维数,满足实时动态求解的要求,最后应用LAMBDA方法搜索模糊度。为验证该算法,我们用单频GPS接收机进行了两种实验(静态和动态),利用本文方法解算,静态误差小于1．5cm,动态误差小于4cm。实验结果表明：对于动态用户,该方法是快速和有效的。该方法可应用于高精度的导航和定位。     

一种GPS整周模糊度的解算方法

初始整周模糊度的求解是利用GPS载波相位进行测量的关键问题,文中提出了一种GPS整周模糊度快速解算方法。该方法：首先,对双差观测方程中指向卫星的方向阵进行QR分解;然后,通过比较估计出的基线长度和真实的基线长度建立起整周模糊度初始搜索范围;最后,综合利用快速剔除不合理模糊度解的检验方法以得到最终的模糊度解。文中对所提出的算法进行了理论推导,并进行了基于实测数据的实验与分析。实验结果表明,该算法计算量小,快速准确,适合整周模糊度的快速动态求解。     

GPS差分相对定位应用于航天器自主交会对接的研究

提出了一种适用于飞船交会对接的GPS差分相对定位导航方案。在远程导引段,采用坐标差分相对定位;在自动寻的段,采用双差载波相位平滑伪距技术;在接近和逼近段,采用双差载波相位浮点解相对定位,求得模糊度后,可采用双差载波相位整数解获得很高的定位精度。仿真试验证明,该方案切实可行。     

Attitude determination using dedicated and nondedicatedmultiantenna GPS sensors

We show that the use of nondedicated Global Positioning System (GPS) sensors to determine the attitude parameters of a vessel yields the same level of performance as the use of a dedicated multiantenna receiver, namely an agreement of the order of 0.1° (1σ). The test platform is a survey launch operating at cruising speeds of 10 to 15 kt. The dedicated multiantenna receiver is a four-antenna Ashtech 3DF unit, while the nondedicated sensor array consists of three NovAtel GPSCard^TM receivers. The approach used to resolve the relative carrier phase integer ambiguities between the antennas is discussed and the use of antenna baseline constraints is analyzed. A least-squares procedure which utilizes all the position information from the antennas for the estimation of the attitude parameters and their accuracy is presented. The attitude determination results from the two configurations tested are intercompared     

平均场退火算法在GPS姿态确定中的应用

研究了基于GPS载波相位测量载体姿态的技术 ,采用了精度高速度快的平均场退火算法(MFANN)。MEFANN是竞争性的Hopfield神经网络和随机模拟退火算法结合起来的一种算法 ,用来求解最优姿态确定问题。首先阐述了GPS载波相位姿态测量基本原理 ,接下来建立了姿态测量系统数学模型 ,应用MFANN算法来解算整周模糊度和方位角 ,最后给出了应用MFANN方法求解的实例 ,说明该方法是有效的     

Integer ambiguity resolution in GPS for spinning spacecrafts

A procedure to compute the integer ambiguity problem when a GPS receiver is used in a multiple antenna configuration attached to a rotating spacecraft is presented. The method is applied to a simulation of an experimental satellite which uses the GPS receiver for attitude determination     

2-D spatial smoothing for multipath coherent signal separation

The use of two-dimensional spatial smoothing (SS) to increase channel capacity of wireless communications system is discussed, The necessary and sufficient conditions on array configuration for applying SS to multiple signal classification (MUSIC), and adaptive beamforming algorithms are defined and proved, This array must have an orientational invariance structure with an ambiguity free center array, and the number of subarrays must be larger than or equal to the size of the largest group of coherent signals. We also studied the cause of ambiguities in a multipath environment. We found the necessary and sufficient conditions for a three-sensor array manifold to be ambiguity free and identified several higher order ambiguity situations, If an array is also central symmetric, the forward/backward SS (FBSS) can be used to improve the resolution. Finally, we extended our results to the estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT). All the predicted results are verified by simulations     

Attitude determination with GPS: experimental results

An approach to global positioning system (GPS) attitude determination and the results of an experimental evaluation are presented. The most outstanding features of the method are the fundamental observable used for attitude calculation, the triple difference, and the introduction of a new parameter, the differential dilution of precision (DDOP), which relates the GPS satellite geometry to the GPS accuracy when measuring angular magnitudes. The experiment used two commercial off-the-shelf GPS C/A code receivers delivering integrated Doppler measurements. The algorithm is robust with respect to phase cycle slips and does not require solving the usual integer ambiguity of the measurements. The preliminary results show that absolute attitude determination requires a calibration of the baseline and that the relative attitude accuracy is on the order of 0.1° or 2 mrads for the case of a 2-m-long baseline     

差分GPS载波相位测量整周模糊度的快速求解

对Cholesky分解整周模糊度的求解进行了改进,在求解整周模糊度的过程中,首先采用LAMBDA法对整周模糊度进行整数线性变换再作Cholesky分解,然后利用最优剪枝法（bestcut）对整周模糊度进行搜索,实验结果表明该方法具有快速搜索整周模糊度的能力,可以满足采用GPS载波相位测量确定姿态以及GPS载波相位测量与INS组合的实时性。     

基于多频GNSS观测的编队星间相对定位样条表示模型

从编队卫星的高精度星间相对定位需求出发,基于未来全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)多频信号测量体制的发展,综合利用观测数据与待估参数的几何关系以及待估参数随历元连续变化的约束,根据函数逼近理论,提出基于多频GNSS观测的编队星间相对定位样条表示模型,给出多频数据相对于双频数据、样条表示模型相对于传统逐点模型在改善星间相对位置...     

Development of GPS-based attitude determination algorithms

This paper describes two Global Positioning System (GPS) based attitude determination algorithms which contain steps of integer ambiguity resolution and attitude computation. The first algorithm extends the ambiguity function method to account for the unique requirement of attitude determination. The second algorithm explores the artificial neural network approach to find the attitude. A test platform is set up for verifying these algorithms.     

GPS 双基线载体姿态测量研究

研究了采用双基线方案测量载体的姿态,利用GPS双差相位测量基线矢量,双差伪距观测值辅助解相位整周模糊,双频时引入空间变换缩小置信空间搜索次数,通过实例分析得出了正确解算相位模糊与观测次数、伪距测量精度的关系,并利用误差传播定律对姿态测量精度进行分析,结合卫星星历数据计算表明,在卫星运行周期内航向角和俯仰角平均测量精度在一定条件下优于2mrad.     

Multipath mitigation method based on Gaussian mixture model in RF relative measurement

Radio Frequency (RF) technology represents a high-precision relative navigation solution that has significant potential for application to earth-orbiting satellites. In precision applications, multipath errors dominate the total error because observables, which are used to estimate carrier-phase integer ambiguity, are not always subject to a Gaussian distribution when dual-frequency ambiguity estimation methods are used in the presence of multipath. As it has been shown that ranging observables obey a Gaussian mixture distribution, this study proposes improvements to the accuracy of estimation based on multipath mitigation founded on the Gaussian mixture model. To this end, such a model is created for integer ambiguity resolution in the presence of multipath, using which the theoretical error in dual-frequency ambiguity estimation is derived. Expectation Maximization (EM), which aids dual-frequency ambiguity estimation, is subsequently proposed to reduce the effect of multipath errors. Finally, two experimental scenarios are implemented to test the performance of the proposed method. The results show that EM-aided dual-frequency ambiguity estimation reduces the range error to approximately 20% in comparison with simple dual-frequency ambiguity estimation. Therefore the proposed technique is effective for multipath mitigation in RF relative measurement.     

一种弱重力环境下的高速旋转载体滚动角快速对准方法

为解决高速旋转载体无控飞行段弱重力环境下惯导空中动基座对准问题，研究了基于旋转载体惯性信息特征的滚动角快速对准方法。首先分析了旋转载体的惯性信息特征。针对这一特征，提出了一种基于载波相位跟踪的滚动角对准方法，仅利用Y轴陀螺或Z轴陀螺信息即可实现滚动角的快速对准。为进一步提高该方法的适应性，充分利用Y轴陀螺或Z轴陀螺的信息，提出了一种基于双信源信息融合的惯导滚动角对准方法，以实现最优的滚动角跟踪结果。仿真与试验结果表明，该方法可在不依赖卫星、无初始姿态角且载体失重的条件下，5s内完成滚动角快速对准，且对准精度优于3°。该方法可自适应地剔除异常滚动角跟踪结果，有效提高了高速旋转载体用惯性导航系统对复杂力学环境的适应性与可靠性。     

GPS载体姿态测量中的LAMBDA方法研究

研究了采用双基线方案测量载体的姿态,利用 GPS载波相位干涉测量基线矢量,引入 LAMBDA法解算整周模糊度,由 CPU时间图可以看出这种方法能快速而准确地解算整周模糊度,对于实时姿态测量(RAD)系统具有很好的应用价值。     

Modified rolling guidance law for single moving mass controlled reentry vehicle against maneuvering target with impact angle constraints

This paper deals with the problem of guidance law design for the single moving mass controlled reentry vehicle when impact angle constraints and maneuvering target are taken into consideration. More specifically, a modified rolling guidance law is proposed with the interactive virtual target and the landing point prediction strategy. First, considering the fact that the roll channel can be controlled directly, the relative motion between the single moving mass controlled reentry vehicle and the ...     

MEMS Electronically Steerable Antennas for Fire Control Radars

Large apertures are of great benefit to applications that are prime powered limited as is found on aerostat and other airborne platforms. Electronically scanned array antennas are often proposed for these applications. However, increasing the aperture area with conventional array technology is met with prohibitive cost, weight, and prime power increases because of the dense spacing of phase shifters and/or active T/R modules. This discusses the recent development of RF MEMS (Microelectromechanical System) switch technology and the use of these switches in a Radanttrade lens configuration for arrays of approximately 10 m² at X-band. A proof-of-concept 0.4 m² MEMS Electronically Steerable Antenna (ESA) containing 25,000 MEMS switches has been successfully designed, fabricated, and tested. The 0.4 m² MEMS ESA was then integrated with an AN/APG-67 radar system to form the MEMS Demonstration Radar System. The MEMS Demonstration Radar System successfully detected both airborne and ground moving targets during a series of extensive radar demonstrations. This is believed to be the first large scale employment of MEMS switches in a scanning antenna and radar system. The low-cost, lightweight, and low power technology demonstrated can enable weight and power constrained platforms with electronic steering.     

Embryonic array configuration optimization method based on reliability and hardware consumption

Embryonic Array(EA) with different configuration methods will directly affect its reliability and hardware consumption. At present, EA configuration design is lack of quantitative analysis method. In order to reasonably optimize EA configuration design, an EA configuration optimization design method is proposed, which is based on the constraints of EA hardware consumption and reliability. Through the analysis of EA working process and composition, quantitative analysis of EA reliability and hardware consumption are completed. Based on the constraints of EA hardware consumption and reliability, the mathematical model of EA configuration optimization design is established, which transfers EA configuration optimization design into an integer nonlinear programming model problem. According to the difference of the fitness value of individual waiting for mutation in population, adaptive mutation operator and crossover operator are selected, and a novel Modified Adaptive Differential Evolution(MADE) algorithm is proposed,which is used to solve EA configuration optimization design problem. Simulation experiments and analysis indicate that the MADE is able to effectively improve the speed, accuracy and stability of algorithm. Moreover, the proposed EA configuration optimization design method can select the most reasonable EA configuration design, and play an important guiding role in EA optimization design.     

GPS移动基准站差分定位算法

相对导航定位技术在空中加油任务中起着至关重要的引导作用。针对传统差分定位模式受限于基准站位置固定、覆盖范围有限等问题,研究了一种无固定基准站差分定位方案,实现了短基线高精度动态相对定位。该方案首先基于实时伪距单点定位求得移动站近似坐标,结合载波信息进行站间差分,求得单差模糊度浮点解及更高精度的移动站坐标。之后,再利用双差观测方程,并采用扩展Kalman滤波(Extended Kalman Filtering,EKF)算法获得移动站精确坐标和双差模糊度浮点解。最后,采用LAMBDA算法进行模糊度快速固定,获得最终定位结果。实验结果表明,所采用的无固定基准站差分定位方案使得基线长度均方差小于5cm,达到了较高的动态相对定位精度。