共轴式直升机半差动航向操纵系统

阐述共轴式直升机飞行原理,分析设计了半差动航向操纵系统,经试飞验证该系统的设计是成功的。     

共轴式直升机全差动航向操纵的动态响应分析

运用经典的垂直飞行涡流理论及共轴双旋翼全差动操纵的结构特征，推导了共轴式双旋翼直升机垂直飞行的航向动力学方程。根据有关共轴双旋翼在悬停及垂直飞行状态时气动特性的理论和实验数据，得出了共轴双旋翼直升机垂直飞行航向动力学方程的解析式。某型共轴双旋翼直升机计算实例，所得结果与该型直升机飞行特性一致。     

共轴式直升机旋翼气动干扰对航向操纵的影响

利用共轴式旋翼风洞实验结果，结合轻型共轴式直升机M16飞行中的现象，分析了上下旋翼气动干扰对共轴式直升机过渡飞行中航向操纵的影响。介绍了直升机由悬停转入垂直上升、平飞中加减速和转入爬升与下滑等过程中，由于上下旋翼干扰发生了变化，使直升机航向发生偏转后飞机的反应情况，以及在这种情况下应进行的相应操纵。所得结果对研究共轴式直升机的操稳特性有重要意义。     

共轴式直升机飞行动力学仿真数学模型研究

 在讨论共轴双旋翼气动干扰模型的基础上,建立了一种共轴式直升机飞行动力学仿真数学模型。以某型共轴式直升机为样例机,在定直水平飞行条件下进行配平计算,并与国外计算结果作了对比分析,两者基本一致。给出了共轴式直升机在不同操纵输入下的动态响应数值模拟结果。仿真计算表明,所建模型能够刻画共轴式直升机运动的基本特征。     

共轴式直升机线性系统建模

应用小扰动理论和数值法,对共轴式直升机飞行动力学非线性数学模型进行线性化,获得了用于操稳特性分析和控制系统设计的共轴式直升机线性化模型.以某型共轴式直升机为研究对象,计算其稳定性导数和控制导数,结果与俄罗斯计算结果基本一致,并对研究对象的稳定性进行了初步分析.     

基于轨迹线性化的无人直升机轨迹跟踪控制

针对无人直升机非线性、强耦合的特点,将轨迹线性化的方法应用到无人直升机的轨迹跟踪当中。首先对无人直升机的六自由度刚体模型进行简化,将其转化为四个等效的仿射子系统;然后以位置运动学子系统为例按照轨迹线性化的方法通过开环前馈求伪逆和闭环反馈调节跟踪误差进行控制律的详细设计;最后给出某型民用无人直升机跟踪两种典型轨迹的仿真结果,验证了应用轨迹线性化方法进行轨迹跟踪的有效性。     

共轴式直升机双旋翼载荷计算模型研究

理论计算和实验测量表明,共轴式直升机在悬停、前飞状态下,上下旋翼桨盘处轴向诱导速度分布与单旋翼直升机的相类似,本文根据共轴式直升机双旋翼这一特点,引入气动力相互干扰因子,将单旋翼直升机一阶谐波形式的Pitt-Peters静态非均匀入流模型推广到共轴式直升机,建立了一种共轴双旋翼载荷计算模型,为共轴式直升机飞行动力学建模作前期准备。以某共轴双旋翼为研究对象进行载荷计算,并与国外计算结果进行了对比,两者吻合较好。      

共轴式直升机地面共振机理分析

为理解共轴式直升机上下旋翼与机体之间的耦合作用,提出了一种分析共轴式直升机地面共振物理机理的时-频分析方法。考虑上下旋翼周期型摆振与机体俯仰和滚转自由度(DOF),建立了具有结构阻尼的共轴铰接式旋翼直升机地面共振分析模型。通过特征值计算和扰动运动方程的数值积分,获得了共轴式直升机地面共振的模态特性及时域响应特性,根据各自由度的响应特性揭示了旋翼与机体之间的相互作用。分析表明,具有上旋翼特征的摆振后退型模态是最不稳定模态。在动不稳定区内,上旋翼周期摆振与机体滚转自由度之间相互输入能量,是造成共轴式直升机地面共振的主要原因;对于该不稳定模态,下旋翼的周期摆振与机体滚转自由度之间也构成相互输入能量的相位关系,增加了直升机地面共振的动不稳定性。     

基于涡环尾迹模型的共轴刚性旋翼直升机飞行动力学建模

共轴刚性旋翼直升机上下旋翼间距小,旋翼间气动干扰较为复杂,影响飞行动力学特性。针对这一问题,利用涡环单元动态尾迹方法构建了共轴旋翼气动力模型,通过与风洞试验结果比对说明该模型能够准确地计算存在气动干扰时共轴旋翼的气动力特性。以该共轴旋翼气动力模型为基础,建立了共轴刚性旋翼直升机飞行动力学模型,并以XH-59A直升机为研究对象,计算了前进比为0~0.4时的配平特性。通过与飞行试验数据的比对发现：该飞行动力学模型与飞行试验结果比对良好;且模型计算速度较快。通过对配平结果以及旋翼尾迹运动的分析发现：共轴刚性旋翼直升机旋翼间气动干扰会增加悬停和低速前飞时的配平总距和总距差动;低速前飞时的纵向周期变距负梯度现象是由于旋翼间气动干扰与刚性旋翼挥舞运动特性叠加而造成的。     

基于UKF的共轴式无人直升机模型辨识

建立了共轴式无人直升机系统非线性模型,并针对其非线性强,不同飞行模态下气动参数差异等问题,将无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)引入共轴式直升机系统非线性模型辨识,不但避免了直升机线性模型仅仅适用于悬停模态的局限性,同时为直升机系统在线自适应控制提供了基础条件,使得共轴式无人直升机自主全包线飞行成为可能.以北京航空航天大学FH-1共轴式无人直升机为例进行了仿真辨识实验.实验结果表明基于该方法的共轴式直升机在线非线性模型辨识不依赖于参数初值的选取,模型参数能在10s内收敛,各状态量辨识精度达到80%以上,明显高于传统的预报误差法(PEM),具有一定的实用性.      

基于一类含极少运动副四支链两转一移三自由度并联机构的五轴混联机器人

首先提出了一类含较少运动副四支链两转一移三自由度（2R1T）并联机构（PMs）2RPU-UPR-RPR和2UPR-RPU-RPR，然后提出了极限约束力螺旋系的概念，分析四支链2R1T并联机构末端的极限约束力螺旋系，对所提出的四支链2R1T并联机构是否同类机构中含运动副最少进行了论证。基于提出的四支链并联机构构造了一种五自由度混联机器人机构，建立了2-RPU-UPR-RPR并联机构的位置反解模型，并将其等效成一个三自由度串联机构RPR，进而对整个混联机器人机构进行了位置正反解分析，建立得到了混联机器人机构位置反解的显式解析表达式，并用加工球面轨迹的算例对所建运动学模型的正确性进行验证。提出的五自由度混联机器人含有极少的运动副，且所有转动自由度均具有连续转轴，能够得到解析的位置模型表达式，很容易实现轨迹规划与运动控制，具有良好的应用前景。     

Identification method for helicopter flight dynamics modeling with rotor degrees of freedom

A comprehensive method based on system identification theory for helicopter flight dynamics modeling with rotor degrees of freedom is developed. A fully parameterized rotor flapping equation for identification purpose is derived without using any theoretical model, so the confidence of the identified model is increased, and then the 6 degrees of freedom rigid body model is extended to 9 degrees of freedom high-order model. Bode sensitivity function is derived to increase the accuracy of frequency spectra calculation which influences the accuracy of model parameter identification. Then a frequency domain identification algorithm is established. Acceleration technique is developed furthermore to increase calculation efficiency, and the total identification time is reduced by more than 50% using this technique. A comprehensive two-step method is established for helicopter high-order flight dynamics model identification which increases the numerical stability of model identification compared with single step algorithm. Application of the developed method to identify the flight dynamics model of BO 105 helicopter based on flight test data is implemented. A comparative study between the high-order model and rigid body model is performed at last. The results show that the developed method can be used for helicopter high-order flight dynamics model identification with high accuracy as well as efficiency, and the advantage of identified high-order model is very obvious compared with low-order model.     

电流变柔性微致动器致动过程研究

利用电流变液体阻尼阀效应设计了原型电流变柔性微致动器,建立了相应的力学模型,进行了柔性微致动器致动过程实验研究和三维致动过程的计算机图形仿真,并对电流变柔性微致动过程的位移、速度和加速度等运动学和动力学特征进行了分析研究。     

柔壁风洞设计中的Elastica反问题

提出了计算柔壁风洞设计中大挠度反问题的分段线性化方法。将风洞的柔性壁简化为一端固支、一端可自由滑动的梁,其受到气压分布力、自重以及作动筒集中力的作用,需要通过离散分布的作动筒控制柔壁形状。柔壁在多种马赫数条件下的形状和气压沿长度方向变化规律已知,而要求解所需作动筒集中力的大小。通过对简单梁理论的修正,提出了分段线性化方法计算方法,得到了梁的变形方程组,并求得问题的近似解。然后采用非线性迭代方法得到在近似解作用下变形曲线,与气动设计曲线进行比较。     

Aeroelastic analysis and structural parametric design of composite rotor blade

Based on FEM theory, a method of dynamic analysis for hingeless rotors considering anisotropic composite materials is established. A parametric modeling method of composite blade with typical profile and high simulation degree for design is proposed. Through the finite element method, the profile characteristics of rotor blade can be obtained efficiently and accurately, and the synchronization of parametric design and finite element analysis of structural characteristics can be realized. Then a 23-degrees of freedom non-linear beam element is used to simulate the extended one-dimensional beam, thereby a non-linear differential equation describing the elastic motion of the rotor is established. To obtain the cross-sectional target characteristics of the blades, an inverse design method is proposed for cross-section components based on combinatorial optimization algorithm. The calculation and validation work show that the proposed model can effectively analyze the aeroelastic characteristics of general composite rotors. Further, the influence of cross-sectional parameters on the aeroelastic stability and hub loads of hingeless rotor is analyzed and some remarkable conclusions are obtained.     

Start-up current adaptive control for sensorless high-speed brushless DC motors based on inverse system method and internal mode controller

The start-up current control of the high-speed brushless DC (HS-BLDC) motor is a chal-lenging research topic. To effectively control the start-up current of the sensorless HS-BLDC motor, an adaptive control method is proposed based on the adaptive neural network (ANN) inverse system and the two degrees of freedom (2-DOF) internal model controller (IMC). The HS-BLDC motor is identified by the online least squares support vector machine (OLS-SVM) algo-rithm to regulate the ANN inverse controller parameters in real time. A pseudo linear system is developed by introducing the constructed real-time inverse system into the original HS-BLDC motor system. Based on the characteristics of the pseudo linear system, an extra closed-loop feed-back control strategy based on the 2-DOF IMC is proposed to improve the transient response per-formance and enhance the stability of the control system. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed control method is effective and perfect start-up current tracking perfor-mance is achieved.     

伺服小翼对小型共轴式直升机操稳特性的影响

运用经典的叶素法和一阶谐波理论,推导了计入气动干扰的伺服小翼挥舞动力学方程,建立了带有伺服小翼的小型共轴式直升机飞行动力学模型,以在研的某小型共轴式无人直升机为研究对象,通过数值法计算了该型直升机的稳定性导数和操纵导数。结合直升机的飞行试验,分析了不同安装形式的伺服小翼对小型共轴式直升机的稳定性和操纵性的影响。研究表明:伺服小翼对小型共轴式直升机的稳定性和操纵性有较大的影响,不同安装形式的伺服小翼对直升机的影响不同,其中采用上旋翼加装伺服小翼的直升机操稳特性较好。     

Finite element analysis of dynamic stability of bearingless rotor

Dynamic stability equations of bearingless rotor blades were investigated using a simplified model.The aerodynamic loads of blades were evaluated using two-dimensional airfoil theory.Perturbation equations were obtained by linearization of the perturbation.A normal-mode approach was used to transform the equations expressed by nodal degrees of freedom into equations expressed by modal degrees of freedom,which can reduce the dimension of the equations.The stability results of rotor blades were presented using eigenvalue analysis.The shape function matrix was obtained using spline interpolation,which simplified the analysis and made assembly of the inertial matrix,damping matrix,and stiffness matrix a simple mathematical summation.The results indicate that the method is efficient and greatly simplifies the analysis.     

Safety modeling and simulation of multi-factor coupling heavy-equipment airdrop

Heavy-equipment airdrop is a highly risky procedure that has a complicated system due to the secluded and complex nature of factors＇ coupling. As a result, it is difficult to study the modeling and safety simulation of this system. The dynamic model of the heavy-equipment airdrop is based on the Lagrange analytical mechanics, which has all the degrees of freedom and can accurately pinpoint the real-time coordinates and attitude of the carrier with its cargo. Unfavorable conditions accounted in the factors＇ models, including aircraft malfunctions and adverse environments, are established from a man-machine-environment perspective. Subsequently, a virtual simulation system for the safety research of the multi-factor coupling heavy-equipment airdrop is developed through MATLAB/Simulink, C language and Flightgear software. To verify the veracity of the theory, the verification model is built based on dynamic software ADAMS. Finally, the emulation is put to the test with the input of realistic accident variables to ascertain its feasibility and validity of this method.