STEP: a tool for estimating avionics life cycle costs

An overview is presented of how the US Air Force has had significant success in the estimation of life cycle costs (LCC) for avionics hardware and software using the Standardization Evaluation Program (STEP) model for estimating operating and support (O&S) costs. The capabilities of the existing STEP model as well as ongoing enhancements to provide a total LCC estimating methodology are described. In addition to the standard cost reports, STEP has the capability to assess the impact of reliability on life cycle cost. Another unique feature of the STEP model is the capability to assess the impact of retest OK (RTOK) on life cycle costs. The acquisition enhancement is being accomplished in three parts each of which will produce a distinct, usable product. The three products are an automated database, an analogy estimating capability, and a parametric estimating technique. Each is briefly discussed     

基于Hausdorff距离的反舰导弹目标选择方法

如何从舰艇编队中选择预定目标,是超视距反舰导弹亟待解决的一个问题。文章基于Hausdorff距离的部分匹配理论研究了这一问题。火控雷达探测到的编队信息和末制导雷达探测到的编队信息都用点集来描述,通过点集形状匹配获取这两个点集的对应点,从而实现对预定目标的选择。重点提出了一种新的部分匹配途径,能够自适应地逐个剔除引起形状不相似的外部点而同时保留两个形状的相似部分。仿真试验表明,相比以往基于编队相互位置关系的方法,论文所研究的预定目标选择方法具有更好的抗干扰能力。     

直升机着舰飞行控制仿真研究初探

本文介绍了直升机的着舰过程和特点,以及舰船运动特性及其对直升机着舰的影响,分析了着舰飞行控制系统在着舰过程各个阶段的不同任务和要求,最后提出一种着舰飞行控制系统的设计方法和一个很好的仿真工具。     

耦合POD重构舰面流场的直升机舰面起降数值模拟

为解决舰面非定常流场数据量过大的问题,采用本征正交分解(POD)方法对舰面流场进行重构,发展了一种耦合POD重构流场的直升机舰面起降数值模拟方法。首先采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法计算舰面非定常流场,获得离散数据样本;然后提取流场的POD模态,并截取能够捕捉到原流场主要特征的少量模态对原流场进行重构;最后建立耦合重构舰面流场的直升机高阶飞行动力学模型。以直升机返航进场为例进行数值模拟,并将计算得到的操纵量和飞行状态与飞行试验结果进行对比。结果表明:使用POD方法重构后的舰面流场数据约为原始样本数据的8.5%,且重构流场与原始流场吻合良好,POD方法能够解决舰面非定常流场数据量过大的问题。与飞行试验数据的对比表明,本文方法捕捉到了舰面非定常流场对直升机的影响,可用于直升机舰面起降研究。     

In-Flight Alignment and Calibration of Inertial Measurement Units?Part I: General Formulation

This is the first part of a two-part paper which summarizes work pursued by the author in 1966 [1]. The paper describes the application of minimum-variance estimation techniques for in-flight alignment and calibration of an inertial measurement unit (IMU) relative to another IMU and/or some other reference. The first part formulates the problem, and the second part [2] reports numerical results and analyses. The approach taken is to cast the problem into the framework of Kalman-Bucy estimation theory, where velocity and position differences between the two IMU's are used as observations and the IMU parameters of interest become part of the state vector. Instrument quantization and computer roundoff errors are considered as measurement noise, and environmental induced random accelerations are considered as state noise. Typical applications of the technique presented might include the alignment and calibration of IMU's on aircraft carriers, the initialization of rockets or rocket airplanes which are launched from the wing of a mother ship, the alignment and calibration of IMU's which are only used in the latter phases of rocket flight, and for the initialization/updating of SST guidance systems.     

海上动态条件下静电陀螺监控器启动技术

静电陀螺监控器在航天测量船列装是该设备在国内首次被应用于大型水面舰艇。在此之前其设计方案以及启动策略全部针对于水下舰艇,对于航天测量船而言没有任何经验可以借鉴。因此,探索静电陀螺监控器在海上动态条件下的高精度启动技术成为了当前该设备在航天测量船应用中的主要问题。针对该问题,通过分析静电陀螺监控器启动的关键过程,结合设备工作原理,重点对海上动态条件下静电陀螺监控器的启动技术和相关参数进行了研究,实现了静电陀螺监控器在海上动态条件下的高精度启动。该技术目前已经成熟并且成功应用于测量船测控任务。     

An alternative to traditional software rehosting

This paper describes one alternative to rehosting TPS software to newer computer platforms. It describes the solution that Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) used to solve a problem with re-engineering legacy software into a modern object-oriented language. The advantages gained by this method are more advanced instruction to the operator (such as pictures and movies), flexible reporting scheme to diagnose system problems, and ease of software maintenance. This solution uses commercially available products including National Instruments/spl trade/ TestStand/spl trade/ and LabVIEW/spl trade/ and Microsoft/spl reg/ Visual Basic/spl reg/. The system is a four-tiered architecture to drive all test execution. The user interface is written in Visual Basic and allows the user to interact with the test execution when needed. This user interface in turn calls tests that are written in TestStand, and finally the individual tests call driver functions written in LabVIEW. A database serves as a repository for all test results, displays, and test limits. The use of this database allows for easy querying of measurement data to analyze trends in failures that help diagnose specific problems. By using this database, all test limits and test displays are contained in one central location that enables engineers to change these displays and limits on the fly without needing to change or even understand any test code. One other benefit of this data containment is that all Government classified data is separated out of the code and stored as one file, instead of in various locations as it was in the original source code.     

舰载直升机系留座的布置优化

本文根据舰载直升机系留索的受力特点,推导出系留索的张力计算表达式,利用遗传算法对系留点的位置进行优化,得到了各海况下系留点的优化布局形式和系留索的张力值,最后对得到的结果进行综合分析比较,确定了最佳的系留座布局形式。     

备件携行量研究方法综述

备件是舰载机在海上执行维修保障任务的重要资源,而备件数量的配置受成本、储存空间与使用可用度等因素的影响。针对出航准备阶段备件携行量的确定问题,分析和总结了当前备件数量配置方法的研究现状,重点对基于间断型历史数据的备件需求预测法、先维修后备件的序贯优化法以及维修与备件的联合优化法进行了综述,并从成本、舰船储存空间与使用可用度等角度分析了3种方法的特点与适用场合,认为联合优化是备件携行量的最佳计算方法。结合已有的研究基础,对备件携行量联合优化方法未来的研究重点与趋势进行了展望。     

Applications of level crossing theory to target intervisibility: to be seen or not to be seen?

Here we discuss intervisibility (the existence of an unobstructed line of sight (LOS) between two points) accounting for the vertical and horizontal errors in the estimated locations of both points as well as elevation errors in the database of the terrain that could obstruct the LOS between these points. The errors are first simply treated as a "white" noise sequence: we assume no correlation between the intervisibility at two different times, and the probability of an instantaneous intervisibility event is in this case developed. This is useful; but perhaps of greater concern is whether or not a target remains visible long enough and/or often enough that its motion can be tracked? Consequently, we present a second treatment in which the errors are stochastic processes of a certain bandwidth, and both the probability density function (pdf) of an intervisibility interval and the average number of intervisibility intervals over a certain time period are developed.     

参数化航空标准件库的建立

在应用CATIA进行飞机三维建模过程中会经常性地重复用到航空标准件,为提高工作效率,简要介绍通过Visual Basic软件设计的参数化航空标准件库工作界面,该界面实现了在CATIA软件中生成、调用航空标准件三维模型和标准件材料、尺寸以及使用说明等相关信息的查询功能。     

基于改进Yolov3 算法的舰船目标检测识别系统

针对复杂战场环境下对海目标检测识别的需求,设计了一种基于改进Yolov3 算法的海面舰船目标实 时检测识别系统。使用微调分类网络、增加训练尺度、聚类目标边框维度、二级特征分类等方法对Yolov3 检 测识别网络模型进行了优化,在提高识别精度的同时有效降低了漏检率和虚警率。实验结果表明,优化后的网 络模型在自建的舰船图像数据库中将检测识别平均准确率提高到了79.3%,对真实海上航拍视频中舰船目标识 别的平均准确率达到了81% 以上。     

Electronic Logbook for Space System Integration & Test Operations

In the highly technological aerospace world, paper is still widely used to document space system integration and test (I&T) operations. E-Logbook (electronic logbook) is a new technology designed to replace current documentation processes of space system I&T operations, such as connector mate and demate, flight hardware and flight software component installation, material mixes or electronic ground support equipment (EGSE) validation. It also includes new documentation concepts, such as the shift log, which improves project awareness and optimizes the shift hand-over process, and the configuration log, which instantly reports on the global I&T state of the space system and greatly enhances information gathering prior to major test events or project reviews. The design of E-Logbook focuses not only on a reliable and efficient relational database, but also on an ergonomic human-computer interactive (HCI) system of graphical user interfaces (GUI) that can help reduce human error and improve I&T discipline and management oversight. E-Logbook has been used for the I&T of the large area telescope (LAT) of the gamma-ray large area space telescope (GLAST) scientific satellite at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). After 19 months of operation, more than 41,000 records have been created for the different documentation components or I&T Logs, with no data having been corrupted or critically lost. 94% of the operators and 100% of the management exposed to E-Logbook prefer it to paper logbooks and recommend its use in the aerospace industry.     

基于飞机油箱模型形状特征的油量测量

在分析飞机数字式油量测量过程中目前广泛使用的切片法油量测量原理的基础上,针对现有的定步长切片法无法得到准确、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库的缺陷,结合对飞机油箱模型形状特征的分析,提出了基于飞机油箱模型形状特征的油量测量切片步长选择方法.此方法包括切片步长整体和局部选择两个过程,整体选择以实现相邻两切片平面所夹油箱模型体积近似相等为目的来确定切片步长,以体现油箱模型截面整体变化规律;局部选择以设计切片平面与截面突变平面重合或尽可能接近的方式,突出油箱截面的局部变化特征.实验结果表明:该切片步长选择方法较定步长方法能够建立更为合理、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库,从而提高了油量测量精度.     

基于时空特征融合的舰船航迹预测方法

针对海上舰船日益增多、海情日益复杂的严峻形势,改进舰船航迹预测方法,实现对海域态势的有效管控成为亟待解决的问题。结合舰船航迹获取简单、数量较大的显著优势,提出利用舰船航迹数据驱动的基于时空特征融合的舰船航迹预测方法。首先,联合卷积神经网络(CNN)和长短时记忆网络(LSTM)构造时空特征融合网络,充分提取舰船航迹的时空特征;然后,利用海量 AIS(Automatic Identification System)数据进行网络训练;最后,利用网络输出的航速和航向对舰船航迹进行预测。仿真结果表明,提出的网络具有准确的舰船航迹预测能力,能够适应舰船机动运动场景。与传统预测方法相比,该方法能够使预测 MSE减少 0.2~1.4,预测性能大大提高。     

Measuring Aircraft Carrier Flexure in Support of Autonomous Aircraft Landings

This paper quantifies the experimental measurements of aircraft carrier flexure (deformation) at sea in support of the United States Department of Defense sea-based Joint Precision Approach and Landing System (JPALS) that aims to deliver automatic landing capabilities to inbound aircraft aboard aircraft carriers. The methodology for measuring ship flexure using the Global Positioning System (GPS) and inertial sensors is described. Results indicate that flexure on the aircraft carrier used for testing has a standard deviation of approximately 1–2 cm. For the ship tested, the most significant flexure effects are in the port/starboard direction and correlate best with roll or lateral acceleration.     

计算机辅助计划管理和决策总体设计

 介绍一种新机研制计划管理和决策支持系统的总体设计方案及其实现的具体措施。详细介绍了几个主要模块的设计思想。     

Analytic study of Doppler-based handover management in LEO satellite systems

The problem of dynamic handover management in low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite systems is addressed. Particularly, an analytical study of a newly proposed method for handover management, called dynamic Doppler-based handover prioritization scheme (DDBHP), is presented. DDBHP utilizes Doppler shift monitoring of each communicating user terminal onboard the satellite and geometric characteristics to accurately predict the handover load. As a result, handover requests are more effectively managed, resulting in an improved performance in terms of blocking and forced termination probabilities. Moreover, by supporting guaranteed handovers, DDBHP can be used to provide QoS to users of future broadband satellite networks. An extensive mathematical model that justifies Doppler shift monitoring is presented along with a detailed queueing model used not only to evaluate DDBHP performance but also to provide a methodology for associating DDBHP operational parameters with desired performance. Comparison of analytical and simulation results validate the proposed model.     

基于快速设计的标准件库建立方法研究

标准件库在飞机工装数字化设计中起到重要作用,建立适合工装快速设计的标准件库是提高设计效率的关键问题之一。在比较目前现有建立标准件库的两种方法的基础上,针对标准件在工装中的定位问题,以标准件草图为核心,提出了基于快速设计的标准件库建立的方法;通过分析本地数据库与远程数据库特点,提出了标准件库数据库的方法;将基于快速设计的标准件库应用于橡皮囊成形模具快速设计系统,缩短了模具设计周期,提高了模具设计效率。     

DDN状态监控系统的设计实现

设计实现了一个用于解决DDN（Digital Data Net）网络管理不足之处的新系统——DDN状态监控系统．详细论述了该系统的设寸思路和软件结构,采用了数据库、网络轮询等一系列有效的技术手段来解决DDN网络管理的不足,指出了该系统的技术创新点。