星载网状天线反射面面型精度测试与分析

星载网状天线反射面作为大口径天线的重要结构部件,其面型精度直接影响天线的电性能。针对主要由抛物肋板、充气环、张力系统、中心鼓结构构成的网状天线反射面,采用数字摄影测试技术建立了反射面面型精度测试方案,获得了抛物肋板上普通标志点的空间坐标以及与最优抛物面之间的偏差,并开展了反射面面型精度的分析。为了提高网状天线反射面面型精度,提出了分阶段地依据各普通标志点偏差方向和大小调节肋板上节点至地面垂直距离的反射面面型调整方法。在阶段1至4中经过调整之后反射面面型精度分别提高了75.0%、54.3%、36.6%和37.4%,表明该天线面型调整方法的有效性。阶段4中网面的安装大大降低了抛物肋板的面型精度,同时抛物肋板的偏差趋势与阶段2偏差相近,所以前期阶段肋板的调整尤为重要,而反射面抛物肋板上的偏差主要分布于副肋。     

高精度碳纤维复合材料副反射面天线制备工艺

文摘分析了模具选材、装配工艺过程及机加工工艺对高精度CFC副反射面天线制备的影响,研究了高精度CFC副反射面制备工艺的关键技术,进行了模具材料比较、装配工艺优化及机加工验证试验。结果表明,殷钢是制备高精度CFC副反射面天线的较理想模具材料;在夹层结构装配时采用外蒙皮原位装配技术并单独适配过渡区的蜂窝可有效避免天线型面精度超差;机加工辅助工装与三维摄影测量系统相结合的措施可有效确保装配基准点的高形位精度并大幅缩短天线加工周期。     

副反射面调整模型及工程实现方法

针对大型反射面天线重力变形导致天线性能恶化的问题,提出了用副反射面实时调整减小重力变形影响的方法,分析了副反射面位置平移和旋转对天线增益和指向的影响,并建立了副反射面姿态随天线仰角角度变化的数学模型。用数字摄影测量得到了一组35m天线在不同仰角时的主反射面变形数据,并进行最佳吻合,从而得到一组副反射面最佳位置坐标,再与测量的对应仰角的副反射面在重力作用下的自身位移数据叠加,可以得到一组最终副反射面调整数据。将其代入数学模型,用最小二乘法进行最佳拟合,求出数学模型系数,再将该模型用于副反射面实时调整系统,则可减小重力变形对天线性能的影响。仿真结果表明,采用该模型对副反射面位置实时调整后,35m天线在X和Ka频段的天线增益分别提高了约0.52dB和1.95dB。     

基于点云融合的管路精确测量方法

为了提高航空发动机管路测量的精度,提出一种基于点云融合的管路模型精确测量方法。利用机器视觉原理从多张图片中得到全局点坐标,作为三维结构光测量过程中的定位点,获得点分布密度基本均匀的点云数据,最后利用点云融合技术得到管路三维数字化模型。测量试验表明,该方法的测量值与标准值最大绝对偏差为0.16mm,可以有效提高管路测量的精度。     

基于数据拟合提高非球曲面面形精度的方法

介绍了采用LVDT在线测量非球曲面的原理,并给出最小二乘数据拟合处理方法;通过试验加工球面和非球面元件,利用LVDT测量头进行在位检测,评估面形精度,经数据拟合插补和误差控制,并采用激光干涉仪测量验证后表明,该算法可以应用于高精度非球面测量及加工误差补偿程序,以提高非球曲面加工精度.     

大口径碳纤维复合材料天线反射器模具在位测量技术

针对碳纤维复合材料模具修形过程中的型面精度测量,研究一种基于机器人和激光跟踪三维测量系统的在位测量技术。通过测量轨迹规划、坐标系变换,关联在位测量系统中的各个单元,实现两个系统的运动-跟随-采样的连续动作,完成模具型面点云的自动高效采样。在此基础上,研究抛物面型面精度评价算法,实现实测点云和理论模型的最佳拟合,从而获得模具型面精度。结果表明:利用在位测量技术,测量效率大幅提高,型面精度的数值和图形结果能够辅助模具的高效修形。     

基于LODTM的大口径太赫兹波束控元件确定性超精密加工

为解决大口径太赫兹波探测系统束控元件加工精度差、效率低的难题,本文提出了一种利用LODTM数控光学加工机床进行SPDT(单点金刚石车削)制备太赫兹波束控元件的方法。该方法属于确定性加工范畴,通过使用单晶金刚石刀具进行超精密切削加工,可直接得到适用于太赫兹波段的高面形精度的反射及透射类元件。针对铝基金属材料进行了加工工艺实验,得到了口径Φ300mm的太赫兹雷达主反射镜;并利用精密坐标测量技术对主反射镜的面形精度进行检测,其检测结果优于设计指标。实验表明,基于LODTM确定性超精密加工得到的太赫兹波束控元件具有面形精度高、表面光洁度好等优点,可实现太赫兹波探测系统的高精度和低成本目标。     

极化滤波反射面隐身天线研究

介绍了一种极化滤波反射面天线,将天线工程中的周期结构反射面技术应用于解决飞行器天线的RCS问题,采用由金属丝栅网构成的周期结构作为天线主反射面,使其对正交极化的来波具有良好的透射性,从而降低了天线的RCS。给出了此天线辐射方向图和雷达散射截面(RCS)的实测结果,并与普通金属反射面天线的结果进行了比较。     

基于Anristu 37347D矢量网络分析仪的雷达反射面天线远场测试系统

天线测量系统的设计必须充分考虑待测天线的结构和电性能指标,并以此为依据决定测试方法和系统配置,才能使系统满足测试要求。本文详细介绍了雷达反射面天线远场测试系统的配置和关键问题,详细分析了反射面天线远场测试系统的实现方法。     

切向孔直径精度对离心喷嘴性能影响

为解决离心喷嘴流量系数理论计算与试验偏差普遍较大的问题,采用Fluent两相流模型计算了不同切向孔直径下的喷雾锥角、流量系数等性能参数,分析发现切向孔直径加工精度对离心喷嘴流量系数有较显著的影响。通过塞规测量了4个喷嘴的切向孔直径,利用切向孔直径测量平均值建立几何模型,计算了较大范围不同压降下的喷嘴性能,并与试验结果进行了对比。模型计算结果和试验数据吻合较好,喷雾锥角与试验偏差小于1°,流量系数偏差小于4.2%。      

Influence and experiment of cable-net manufacturing errors on surface accuracy of mesh reflector antennas

Cable-net structures are of substantial importance in the construction of large mesh reflector antennas. Owing to the inevitable errors in their manufacturing process, the reflector surface accuracy deteriorates. This study makes a comprehensive investigation of random manufacturing errors during constructing the mesh reflector antennas, and analyze its influence on reflector surface accuracy. Firstly, the sensitivity of reflector surface accuracy with respect to the random errors of the unstressed cable length is mathematically deducted. Secondly, a non-button connecting method is proposed and analyzed to reduce manufacturing errors. Thirdly, two physical experiment models based on 2.62-meter mesh reflector antenna are made. Finally, numerical examples and experimental tests are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with the traditional method, the proposed method can effectively reduce the influence of the manufacturing errors on the reflector surface accuracy. Moreover, the reduction in the sizes of the nodes also reduces the risk of entanglement of the mesh reflector antenna during the deployment process, and thereby improves the deployment reliability.     

固定网格中基于边界描述的CAD模型快速分析方法

固定网格技术避免了沿结构边界繁琐的网格划分过程，在复杂几何结构分析时具有很大优势。建模精度和分析精度是采用固定网格进行结构分析的两大难题。文中针对固定网格分析中的建模精度问题，提出了一种由CAD模型至分析模型的快速转换方法，首先将CAD模型采用边界描述，然后通过射线交点法来区分固定网格中单元的属性，并借助四叉树/八叉树技术实现对边界网格的细分。最后采用加权B样条有限胞元法来保证CAD模型在固定网格中的分析精度。本文建立了一种由结构CAD模型至固定网格仿真分析的设计框架，数值算例表明了该方法的有效性。     

格栅反射器型面的主动控制

为了提高天线反射器的型面精度,以锆钛酸铅压电陶瓷（PZT）驱动的主控格栅反射器为研究对象,对该结构的力学建模方法和形状控制方法进行了研究。首先,建立了格栅反射器、PZT压电作动器一体化有限元模型。然后,采用影响系数矩阵法,以均方根误差最小为目标建立反射器型面主动控制优化模型,并通过最小二乘法求解作动器的最优控制律。最后,搭建了格栅反射器主动控制实验系统,以旋转抛物面为目标型面进行实验研究。实验结果表明,经主动控制后反射器型面精度提高了将近50%,且与仿真结果吻合较好,验证了一体化有限元建模方法的准确性和控制方法的有效性。     

柔性天线面对漂浮基星载天线扰动分析及抑制

 为了研究柔性天线面弹性变形对漂浮基星载天线的扰动,采用固定界面模态综合法和Lagrange方法,通过轴末端与天线面交界面的协调关系,推导了大范围运动的星载天线刚柔耦合动力学模型,其所建立的动力学模型计算效率高并具有足够的精度。分析了柔性天线面弹性变形对星载天线的扰动,利用PD+振动力反馈控制抑制系统振动,并基于Lyapunov方法证明了控制系统的渐近稳定性。仿真结果表明：天线工作过程激起了柔性天线面弹性振动,进而引起星载天线的抖动,严重影响了星载天线的指向精度;利用其控制策略能快速抑制系统振动。结论对天线指向精度的分析与控制具有重要的理论价值及工程实际意义。     

Crew station measurement methodology: a quantitative approach

An investigation of the difficulties associated with analyzing the geometric constraints placed upon the human operator in a work setting was conducted. Many workstations, such as a cockpit, have limited data available for creating the CAD models required for human performance analysis. To create a model, a time-consuming, labor-intensive process of collecting measurement data by hand must be performed, resulting in a CAD model of questionable accuracy. In order to conduct accurate repeatable analysis, CAD data for all workstations must be collected quickly and in a standardized format. A demonstration project assessed the feasibility of using Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) technology to collect workstation geometry and create a CAD Model. Baseline data for comparing hand collection methods was derived from previous aircraft cockpit CAD modeling projects. This method involved approximately two weeks for data collection alone and another week to create the CAD model. The CMM technology was determined to be a cost-effective method for creating CAD models of aircraft cockpits. This technology substantially reduced the time required to build a high fidelity CAD model while significantly improving the accuracy of the data     

Novel array-feed distortion compensation techniques for reflectorantennas

Degradation of antenna performance by reflector surface distortion, which lowers gain and increases sidelobe levels, is addressed. Distortion compensation concepts based on the applications of properly matched array feeds are presented. Results of conceptual developments, numerical simulations, and measurement verifications are presented in support of this approach, with particular attention to the measurement technique. It is shown that the concept is most useful for overcoming the deterioration effects of slowly varying surface distortions, which would make the method very useful for future large space and ground antennas. It is further shown that for a typical, slowly varying thermal or gravitational surface distortion, a 19-element array feed can improve the reflector performance considerably     

An Application of Radiometric Techniques to Precision Angle Tracking Radar Systems

A new technique is described which provides for precision angle tracking of celestial radio sources with a conventional monopulse antenna receiving system. It is shown that this technique is readily adapted to angle tracking radars. The features of conventional monopulse operation are preserved while permitting precise angle tracking of noise sources when signal to noise ratios are much less than unity. Measurements, using a four-horn monopulse feed with a 28-foot parabolic reflector and a "monopulse radiometer" produced the characteristic monopulse angle detection functions when using the sun, the moon, and Cassiopeia A as boresight reference sources. Precision measurements were made to 8 arc second under varying weather conditions using 28-foot radio astronomy antennas. The accuracy of the measurements were limited by the antenna angle encoders, consequently no conclusions are drawn with regard to the absolute accuracy of the measurements. The celestial coordinates of four discrete radio sources and the equations for coordinate transformation to local elevation and azimuth are contained in the Appendixes.     

Design and analysis of truss deployable antenna mechanism based on a novel symmetric hexagonal profile division method

As the deployment, supporting, and stability mechanisms of satellite antennas, space-deployable mechanisms play a key role in the field of aerospace. In order to design truss deployable antenna supporting mechanisms with large folding rate, high accuracy, easy deployment and strong stability, aiming at the geometric division of the parabolic reflector, a novel method based on symmetric hexagonal division and its corresponding modular truss deployable antenna mechanism is proposed, and the original method based on asymmetric triangular division and its corresponding mechanisms are presented for comparative analysis. Then, the screw theory is employed to analyze the mobility of different mechanisms. Furthermore, the improved three-dimensional mesh method is used to divide the reflector surface of a large parabolic antenna designed by the two different methods, and the profile accuracy and the type of links are taken as the evaluation indexes to quantitatively analyze the division results. Finally, a three-dimensional model of the modular deployable mechanism based on the symmetric hexagonal design is developed, and the deployable mechanisms with different configurations based on the two design methods are compared and analyzed from the mechanical perspective. The research results provide a good theoretical reference for the design of deployable truss antenna mechanisms and their application in the aerospace field.