Gurney襟翼对翼型气动特性影响的风洞实验研究

针对风力机叶片翼型WA251A在Re=3.0×106情况下,安装Gurney襟翼时气动力的变化展开风洞实验研究.对WA251A翼型在干净翼和安装Gurney襟翼情形下的气动力进行对比,重点讨论了Gurney襟翼安装高度、安装角度及安装位置等因素对翼型气动力的影响.实验结果表明:同一安装位置安装高度的增加其增升效应越明显...     

电控旋翼直升机飞行动力学建模与配平特性研究

首先基于Peters He广义动态尾迹理论,建立了电控旋翼动态尾迹入流模型,进一步结合电控旋翼襟翼操纵与桨叶变距之间的关系、桨叶挥舞运动方程和带襟翼翼型非定常气动力模型建立了适用于飞行力学分析的电控旋翼气动力模型.在此基础上,结合机身、尾桨、尾面的气动力模型,建立了完整的电控旋翼直升机飞行动力学分析模型.以Z-11直升机为基准改造为电控旋翼直升机作为算例,计算了前飞状态下电控旋翼直升机的诱导速度分布和桨盘迎角分布,对比了电控旋翼与常规旋翼的气动特性差异;在此基础上,进一步分析了电控旋翼直升机的配平特性随前飞速度的变化规律以及与常规直升机的差异.     

电控旋翼气动特性建模与风洞试验验证

首先建立了带襟翼翼型的非定常气动力模型,继而基于Peters-He广义动态尾迹理论,考虑襟翼偏转对电控旋翼叶素环境的影响,建立了电控旋翼有限状态尾迹模型;进一步基于Theodorsen理论推导出电控旋翼桨叶挥舞响应与桨叶变距和襟翼操纵量的关系,综合以上建立了电控旋翼气动特性分析模型.以改进型电控旋翼试验系统为平台进行了风洞试验,测量了不同风速、不同襟翼操纵条件下的电控旋翼气动力、桨距、襟翼偏角及旋翼挥舞角的变化情况.理论计算结果与试验数据符合情况良好,验证了所建立的分析模型的正确性,并得出以下结论:旋翼转速一定时,桨叶变距与襟翼操纵基本呈线性关系;旋翼拉力随襟翼总距的增加而逐渐减小,襟翼总距较大时,其实际气动效率略有下降;前飞状态时,襟翼总距操纵会引起桨叶的纵向周期变距.      

加装格尼襟翼的旋翼机配平及稳定性研究

以某型自转旋翼机为对象,研究了格尼襟翼对自转旋翼机飞行动力学特性的影响。通过数值计算得到自转旋翼二维翼型加装格尼襟翼的气动力系数,采用叶素理论并结合动态入流理论建立自转旋翼动力学模型,在此基础上建立了旋翼机加装格尼襟翼的飞行动力学模型。研究表明,格尼襟翼对自转旋翼机的纵向配平特性有较大影响,纵向周期变距操纵量增大,旋翼稳定转速减小;格尼襟翼基本不影响全机稳定性,同时还能够达到减小功率消耗的效果。     

超临界翼型Gurney襟翼增升技术实验研究

通过在二元翼型风洞中进行测力实验,研究了不同高度Gurney襟翼对超临界翼型气动力和力矩的影响规律。实验结果表明：在亚声速条件下,Gurney襟翼同样可以明显增加翼型的升力系数,使整个升力曲线向上平移,并使翼型低头力矩增加。高度为翼型弦长0.5%的Gurney襟翼可以带来超临界翼型的最大升阻比。同Gur-ney襟翼对NACA 0012翼型气动特性改变的对比表明,其在超临界翼型上带来的升力系数增量要大于在NACA0012翼型上的效果,但是带来的低头力矩增量较小。     

Gurney襟翼改善翼型动态失速特性研究

采用CFD数值方法,研究了NACA0012翼型、加装传统Gurney襟翼及改进不对称Gurney襟翼后翼型的动态失速特性。给出了传统襟翼对翼型动态失速特性的影响,并带来较大动态低头力矩的不足,基于传统襟翼的不足,提出了改进的不对称Gurney襟翼方案。研究表明,不对称Gurney襟翼可较好改善翼型的动态失速特性,在增加动态升力的同时,俯仰低头力矩明显减小,可能是直升机旋翼的较理想翼型。     

后缘襟翼对直升机旋翼翼型动态失速特性的影响

 针对带后缘襟翼的智能旋翼直升机典型襟翼参数对翼型动态失速特性的影响进行了研究。建立了带后缘襟翼的桨叶动态失速模型,考虑了襟翼与桨叶之间的缝隙和襟翼在运动过程中相对桨叶的凸起,采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法,研究了不同襟翼转轴位置和襟翼与桨叶的缝隙情况下的翼型动态失速特性,探讨了后缘襟翼激励幅值、时长和起始时刻对升力和俯仰力矩系数的影响。研究结果表明:后缘襟翼能够较好地改善翼型动态失速时的气流环境,并减缓动态失速发生;襟翼激励最优幅值在25°附近,最优激励范围在方位角为240°~360°之间;襟翼转轴后移导致襟翼运动时产生的凸起会使襟翼控制效果减弱;襟翼与桨叶的缝隙会影响翼型动态失速特性,但是缝隙的长度(弦长的2%以内)对襟翼控制效果的影响很小。     

用于电控旋翼的带襟翼翼型关键参数研究

为满足电控旋翼的设计需要,首先给出了可计及襟翼移轴补偿影响的带襟翼翼型的综合时域非定常气动力计算模型.以此为基础,对襟翼弦长比和移轴补偿率这两个重要参数进行了分析.结果表明:增大移轴补偿率会减小升力系数;俯仰力矩系数随襟翼弦长比增大将出现最值,该最值与移轴补偿率有关;襟翼铰链力矩系数随襟翼弦长比增加迅速增大,而增加移轴补偿率则可大幅度减少襟翼铰链力矩系数.对于电控旋翼而言,襟翼弦长比取0.2左右,移轴补偿取0.25左右,可以取得较为满意的效果.     

尾缘襟翼长度对风力机翼型气动性能的影响

针对尾缘襟翼长度对风力机翼型气动性能的影响,分别以S809翼型与DU翼型为研究对象,设计了6种襟翼长度的襟翼模型,襟翼向翼型压力面偏转角为10°,襟翼与翼型主体之间为均匀1mm间隙,利用AUTOCAD对各襟翼长度模型进行几何建模。采用计算流体力学软件Fluent 14.0对各襟翼模型进行不同攻角下的气动性能计算,对翼型边界附近流场及压力系数等进行了分析比较。结果表明:尾缘襟翼长度对翼型的气动性能有较大的影响,襟翼长度不仅对襟翼附近的流场产生影响,对整个翼型的流场都有较大影响;带襟翼模型升力系数比无襟翼模型大大提高,且在一定攻角范围内随着襟翼长度增加,升力系数逐渐增大;带襟翼模型阻力系数比无襟翼模型翼型大,且在一定攻角范围内随襟翼长度增大阻力系数也增大;带襟翼模型升阻比在一定范围内比无襟翼模型大。     

旋转圆柱对翼型气动特性影响的数值模拟研究

采用数值模拟的方法研究了旋转圆柱对NACA0015翼型气动特性的影响,着重分析了前缘旋转圆柱转速比和缝隙大小对翼型升阻特性的作用规律以及不同安装位置的高速旋转圆柱结合简单襟翼偏转下的翼型气动力特性。结果表明,高速旋转的圆柱代替翼型前缘可以有效地抑制翼型背风区的流动分离,延缓边界层的发展从而改善翼型气动特性。前缘旋转圆柱理想的转速比在4附近,缝隙在2.5mm至1.5mm之间可以满足使用要求。简单襟翼结合前、后缘高速旋转圆柱情况下翼型的气动力特性可以比拟精心设计的多段翼型。旋转圆柱具有增升减阻效果显著,需要主动输入的能量极少等优点,是一种具有良好应用前景的边界层流动控制技术。     

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

基于飞机油箱模型形状特征油量测量切片步长选择方法研究

 在分析飞机数字式油量测量过程中目前广泛使用的切片法油量测量原理的基础上,针对现有的定步长切片法无法得到准确、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库的缺陷,结合对飞机油箱模型形状特征的分析,提出了基于飞机油箱模型形状特征的油量测量切片步长选择方法。此方法包括切片步长整体和局部选择两个过程,整体选择以实现相邻两切片平面所夹油箱模型体积近似相等为目的来确定切片步长,以体现油箱模型截面整体变化规律;局部选择以设计切片平面与截面突变平面重合或尽可能接近的方式,突出油箱截面的局部变化特征。实验结果表明：该切片步长选择方法较定步长方法能够建立更为合理、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库,从而提高了油量测量精度。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

二维翼段颤振的μ控制

 采用超声电机作为作动器来实现含控制面的翼段颤振鲁棒抑制。针对作者设计的二维翼段颤振主动抑制系统，通过理论与实验相结合的方法，建立了考虑沉浮方向阻尼和作动器模型参数不确定性的控制系统模型，设计了μ控制器，并对控制器做了降阶处理。数值仿真和风洞试验表明，μ控制器可有效地抑制颤振的发生，将颤振临界速度提高23.4%。相对于H_∞控制器，μ控制器的控制效果和鲁棒性更好。     

航空发动机管路测量数据分割方法

 为了提高航空发动机管路测量数据的反求建模效率,提出了一种区域增长分割算法。该方法主要是利用管路表面在曲面索引系数映射、主曲率映射、高斯映射上的特性,并基于均值漂移算法和遗传算法提出了区域分割算法中种子区域的选择策略。然后利用区域增长分割方法实现了对管路测量数据的分割。经过仿真和实测数据验证,所提管路分割算法具有较好的分割质量和效率。     

Abnormal Shape Mould Winding

为解决网格化芯模的缠绕问题,本文提出了复合材料面片缠绕机理;接着详细分析了面片缠绕过程中的芯模凹曲面上纤维滑线和架空现象,应用微分几何曲面理论和空间几何理论,提出判据及其解决方案;最后,针对飞机发动机进气道的缠绕成型,编制缠绕控制程序并进行相应的实验,验证了面片缠绕方法的可行性。     

Interfacial Properties Modification of Carbon Fiber/ Polyarylacetylene Composites

This work was dedicated to performing surface oxidation and coating treatments on carbon fibers (CF) and investigating the changes of fiber surface properties after these treatments, including surface composition, relative volume of functional groups, and sur- face topography with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atom force microscopy (AFM) technology. The results show that, after oxidation treatments, interfacial properties between CF and non-polar polyarylacetylene (PAA) resin are remarkably modified by removing weak surface layers and increasing fiber surface roughness. Coating treatment by high char phenolic resin solution after oxida- tion makes interface of CF/PAA composites to be upgraded and the interfacial properties further bettered.     

Thermal Stresses and Cracks During the Growth of Large-sized Sapphire with SAPMAC Method

本文利用有限元法对冷心放肩微量提拉法(SAPMAC)生长大尺寸蓝宝石单晶过程中的热应力进行了模拟计算,应用临界缺陷理论解释了裂纹的萌生与扩展机理。研究表明,晶体内的热应力主要与晶体生长速率,环境温度和结晶取向有关;较大热应力多出现在结晶界面,放肩、收尾以及直径急剧变化等位置;最大热应力总是出现在籽晶与新生晶体的界面附近。裂纹将在临界缺陷位置产生,并在应力作用下沿a或m面扩展。计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,通过晶体生长系统和生长工艺的改进,对晶体的开裂问题得到了有效的抑制。     

Optimization Design System for Composite Structures Based on Grid Technology

To solve the topology optimization of complicated multi-objective continuous/discrete design variables in aircmit structure design, a Parallel Pareto Genetic Algorithm （PPGA） is presented based on grid platform in this paper. In the algorithm, the commercial finite element analysis （FEA） software is integrated as the calculating tool for analyzing the objective functions and the filter of Pareto solution set based on weight information is introduced to deal with the relationships among all objectives. Grid technology is utilized in PPGA to realize the distributed computations and the user interface is developed to realize the job submission and job management locally/remotely. Taking the aero-elastic tailoring of a composite wing for optimization as an example, a set of Pareto solutions are obtained for the decision-maker. The numerical results show that the aileron reversal problem can be solved by adding the limited skin weight in this system. The algorithm can be used to solve complicated topology optimization for composite structures in engineering and the computation efficiency can be improved greatly by using the grid platform that aggregates numerous idle resources.