Switched Ethernet testing for avionics applications

Switched Ethernet is being implemented as an avionics communication architecture. A commercial standard (ARINC-664) and an aircraft vendor-specific implementation known as avionics full duplex switched Ethernet (AFDX) have been developed that defines the topology and use of switched Ethernet in an avionics application. In avionics applications, the movement of data between devices must take place in a deterministic fashion and must be delivered reliably. All aircraft flight hardware must be tested to be sure that it will communicate information properly in the switched Ethernet network. The airframe manufacture must test the integrated network to verify that all flight hardware is communicating properly. Testing and maintenance testing is required to perform data communication level testing of switched Ethernet architectures for avionics applications to insure that all communication is deterministic and reliable. This paper provides an overview of a switched Ethernet avionics network and identifies the testing challenges associated with a switched Ethernet avionics application. A practical implementation performing the required tests is discussed.     

天地一体化飞行器测控通信网络体系构建

空间信息综合应用是未来航天的发展趋势,引进网络化技术,打造天地一体化测控通信网是实现信息综合应用的必由之路.一体化测控通信网作为空间信息传输、分发的公共基础设施,将各类飞行器、地/海/空/天基测控站（接收站）及指控中心、测控中心、用户等都作为网中的标准节点,以实现测控通信任务统一指挥控制、飞行器态势综合显示、测控通信资源综合利用和可持续发展.从新时期航天科技的发展特点得出,空间网络化是必然发展趋势.总结了国内外航天网络化发展的研究成果,提出测控通信网络化的定义、未来体系结构以及实施步骤,设计了空间网络化飞行验证试验的基本方案,剖析了空间网络化体系构建的关键技术.     

Safe Flight 21: ground broadcast service system

The FAA-initiated Safe Flight 21 program is a cooperative government/industry effort to evaluate enhanced aerodome and aircraft capabilities based on evolving communications, navigation and surveillance (CNS) technologies. Safe Flight 21 will demonstrate the in-cockpit display of traffic, weather, terrain, and obstacle information for pilots and will provide improved information to controllers. The Ground Broadcast Service (GBS) System will act as the main communication service between the Safe Flight 21 sensors and both the avionic and ground vehicle users. The data, collected and processed by multiple sensors, is routed to the GBS System for formatting, broadcast timing coordination, filtering, and transmission to the end-users. This paper provides an overview of the GBS System as part of the FAA Safe Flight 21 program. It also presents the GBS System's complete functional requirements as well as user interface formats and protocols necessary for compliance with the Safe Flight 21 Program architecture.     

CIEM系统工程集成技术

 应用数据库技术、文档管理系统和通用数据文件格式实现大型计算机辅助设计集成系统的数据管理、信息交换,在统一执行控制系统的操作下,实现程序流的运行和数据流的管理,同时为用户提供良好的用户界面,这样形成了CIEM集成系统框架。在此基础上集成了飞机设计的大量应用程序和图形软件,形成程序流和数据流,即CIEM集成系统的集成技术。     

中继卫星系统地面云存储架构设计

针对中继卫星系统日益增长的海量数据存储需求,探索将云技术应用于中继卫星地面存储系统中,研究并设计了适用于中继卫星系统的分布式云存储的体系架构.该架构通过分布式存储和存储虚拟化技术,对存储资源进行了整合,将分布在不同地理位置上的存储网络,集合成一个大规模广域云存储系统,可提供整体存储和访问的功能,并实现对数据的高效“存”、“取”、“管”.与传统NAS(Network Attached Storage,网络附加存储)架构分析比较,该架构从系统扩展性、可靠性和服务性等多个方面均更加具有优势,能够适应日益增长的中继卫星系统海量数据存储需求,解决中继卫星系统中大容量数据存储的瓶颈.     

Digital air/ground communications for air traffic control

The early 1990's communications for air traffic control (ATC) uses analog single channel radios with conventional amplitude modulation (AM) in the very high frequency (VHF) band. To overcome eventual saturation of the current system, a sample “next generation” ATC communications system has been designed to increase capabilities and provide a graceful transition from the current system. The new ATC communication system must address problems with the modulation format and a balance between increased channel capacity and overall cost. The controller/pilot workloads can be reduced in that the information segments allow for either semi-automatic or fully automatic handoff or frequency change. The principal performance factor is the addition of data, fully integrated with voice, while offering an increase in throughput. The architecture is structured to put priority on the uplink voice messages while offering significant information capacity capabilities for external data sources. When digital data and voice communication systems mature in the ATC environment, a natural evolution to more data traffic and less voice will occur. At that time, a simple restructuring of the channel assignments and priorities could offer increased throughput for connection to ground based data sources such as high capacity routers     

The Business Case for System-Wide Information Management

In today's National Airspace System (NAS), when an application requires information from another application, a custom application-to-application interface is built. This results in an increasingly complex system, where applications are tightly coupled and expensive to develop and maintain. System-Wide Information Management (SWIM) addresses these shortfalls by implementing a shared infrastructure for managing NAS information. SWIM is based on a service-oriented architecture, a fast growing trend in information technology. It will help the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) meet the information-sharing needs of the Next Generation Air Traffic System (NGATS) and the federal government's E-government Initiative. SWIM will reduce the cost, complexity, and cycle time for building new applications and help the FAA implement SWIM-enabled applications that increase FAA and user productivity.     

基于网络化测试技术的通信装备维修保障

未来信息化战争条件下,通信装备朝着网络化、标准化、通用化、系列化、模块化的方向发展,首先在分析现有通信装备维修保障中存在的问题和不足的基础上,提出了应用网络化测试技术的意义,并给出了系统的总体结构和两种软件设计方法;然后对现有通信装备的网络化改造提出了通过连接PC机间接接入,通过接口转换模块接入,现场智能设备嵌入TCP/IP协议三种方式,并对他们进行了分析.     

分级式航空电子综合化仿真系统研究

介绍一个分级式航空电子综合化仿真系统。该系统以航空电子综合化工程中一个分系统为仿真目标,由两层双余度1553B总线和MBI(multiplex bus interface)将AVS(Avionics simulator)、SSCU(subsystem control unit)、若干个EQS(equipment simulator)以及部分真实设备连成的三级分布式计算机系统。一个面向实时控制的分布式操作系统和相应的仿真软件分布在三级仿真器中;其中,分布式操作系统实现两级总线的衔接、通信控制、并行多任务管理、错误检测、故障处理和实时内存数据库管理,仿真软件模拟航空电子上层环境、操作员控制与显示、分系统各设备数据产生与接收数据处理以及信息处理应用任务。系统研制成功为工程化实现打下了技术基础并提供了一个实验环境。     

Architectures and GPS/INS integration: impact on missionaccomplishment

The GPS (Global Positioning System) signal contains information which, when properly combined with information from INS and other sensors, provides exceptionally high accuracy position, velocity, attitude, and time measurements. These ten elements of information (three each in position, velocity, and attitude, and one in time) are common, in various combinations, to most avionics functions. When viewed from a system perspective, this high-precision information can be thought of as an integration basis, or a reference set, which offers opportunities for reconfiguration of the offensive, defensive, communication, navigation, and other sensors. Various integration architectures for fusion of these sensors can inherently enhance, enable, or severely limit these potential mission capabilities. The choice of integration architecture, can directly and profoundly affect performance, cost of integration, cost of ownership, and exploitation of much greater mission capability. This is illustrated by an example     

全球卫星导航星座网络协议体系与运行模式

针对全球卫星导航星座网络建设初期或论证阶段所涉及的网络体系结构、协议体系及相关组网等技术问题,开展了基于导航星座星间链路构建空间信息网络的技术研究,分别提出了由子网、接入网、骨干网等节点及其相互之间星间、星地无线链路构成的分层网络系统结构,设计了兼容遥控、遥测、测量与网络交互支持等业务的基于IP over CCSDS(基于空间数据系统咨询委员会标准的空间链路承载互联网协议业务)的协议体系,给出了全系统基本通信业务运行模式等。与传统高轨卫星通信系统相比,该星座网络具有高覆盖、低时延、随遇接入等优点,可实现星座导航性能与中低轨及地面用户通信性能的全方位提升,相关结果对我国全球卫星导航星座网络技术研究具有一定的参考意义。     

基于FPGA的多通道ARINC429通信芯片的设计

ARINC429是一种在航空电子系统领域被广泛应用的总线标准。采用PFGA器件设计集成多路ARINC429通道的通信芯片,可以有效地提高数据通信模块的处理能力和集成度,并降低研制成本。本文提出了一种内置控制核和大容量缓存的多路通信芯片的设计原理,它采用基于FPGA的硬件方法;而FPGA设计采用的硬件语言是VHDL,实现平台是ALTERA的FLEX系列逻辑器件。这种设计方法已被验证对通信电路的研制是行之有效的。     

Open systems avionics network to replace MIL-STD-1553

This paper is a proposal for a future method of avionics data communication. The need for this proposal results from the shortcomings in the current avionics architecture, video distribution network, and in the MIL-STD-1553 data communication system. The separately wired video and data communication systems can be combined to save weight, which is especially critical for rotorcraft. Aircraft, once fielded, have limited capacity for modification and improvement due to fixed computer throughput and processing performance, network bandwidth, and space available in the avionics equipment bays. The changes proposed by this paper are to be made in conjunction with the replacement of the redundant computer boxes with open system avionics functions on industry standard circuit cards. This open architecture approach was developed over the last ten years and is now being implemented in many aircraft applications including the F-22 and the RAH-66 programs. The V-22 rotorcraft, which although just entering production, is being modified for joint service customers where modern computer performance and expanded data network bandwidth is needed. The changes of this proposal will fill this need, reduce the weight of upcoming production models, and provide growth or spare capability so that additional video and data components can be added with minimal effect on existing components. This paper examines the current V-22 avionics video and data communication hardware and wiring and propose a new implementation of open system architecture standards with integrated digital video and data communication based on ANSI standard copper fibre channel     

导航通信融合定义、方式与典型系统

随着人们对定位安全和定位准确性要求的提升，仅仅依赖卫星导航系统已经不能满足用户在各种复杂环境下的个性化定位需求，在此背景下，通信导航一体化技术应运而生。移动通信网络具有覆盖广、用户数量大和安全保密性好等优点，将通信系统作为卫星导航系统的有效补充，可以有效提升导航系统的性能。导航通信融合技术已经成为导航领域未来发展的重要技术热点，但目前缺乏清晰的导通融合架构和导通融合方式。从导通融合的技术层面进行划分，提出了波形融合、信息融合、硬件融合三种导通融合方式，分析了通信系统的辅助信息对导航系统精度和抗干扰能力的影响，以及两种典型的导通融合系统的优缺点，并对其未来的发展进行了展望，补充了导航通信融合技术的基础理论，对导通融合技术的发展具有重大意义。     

综合模块化航空电子核心系统技术研究

介绍了一种综合模块化航空电子核心系统.在系统应用需求及技术特征的分析基础上,提出了一种通用的开放式体系结构模型,并对系统的关键技术进行深入研究探讨,包括系统管理、网络通信、时间同步、容错策略等,最后给出系统设计方案的建议.系统具有可重构性、可重用性、可扩展性和健壮性,可满足先进飞机航空电子系统的应用要求,并为未来新型分布式综合模块化航空电子系统的研究与设计提供技术支持.     

导航通信融合定义、方式与典型系统

随着人们对定位安全和定位准确性要求的提升,仅仅依赖卫星导航系统已经不能满足用户在各种复杂环境下的个性化定位需求,在此背景下,通信导航一体化技术应运而生。移动通信网络具有覆盖广、用户数量大和安全保密性好等优点,将通信系统作为卫星导航系统的有效补充,可以有效提升导航系统的性能。导航通信融合技术已经成为导航领域未来发展的重要技术热点,但目前缺乏清晰的导通融合架构和导通融合方式。从导通融合的技术层面进行划分,提出了波形融合、信息融合、硬件融合三种导通融合方式,分析了通信系统的辅助信息对导航系统精度和抗干扰能力的影响,以及两种典型的导通融合系统的优缺点,并对其未来的发展进行了展望,补充了导航通信融合技术的基础理论,对导通融合技术的发展具有重大意义。     

Use of MOBITEX wireless wide area networks as a solution toland-based positioning and navigation

The emergence of land-based positioning and navigation systems is the direct result of advancements in technologies relating to geographic information, wireless data communication, and navigation. The increasing demand for these systems has stimulated their rapid development. This paper identifies the wide variety of land-based positioning and navigation systems and classifies them into five groups. The basic system elements that are required in all land-based positioning and navigation systems are also discussed. A proposed system infrastructure that supports the five types of land-based positioning and navigation systems is described. The specific technologies integrated in this proposed infrastructure include the Global Positioning System (GPS), differential GPS, and the MOBITEX wireless wide area packet data networks. Real-time wireless mobile data communication is a key component of any land-based positioning and navigation system. Finally, the evaluation criteria necessary for field testing a pilot land-based positioning and navigation system are presented. This pilot system is used to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed system design     

体系结构驱动的AFDX网络内容数据库研究

采用SAE AADL语言,建立AFDX网络互连综合化处理任务和通信任务的模型,对通信任务的数据内容、格式、性质进行定义;按照体系结构模型驱动的方式,建立内容管理数据库,完成AFDX网络中数据接口格式与内容的描述与建模,并进行数据库管理下的自动配置与部署。     

Service Orientation Principles in Integrated Communication Environments

Today, every modern organization aspires to improve its performance through better use of information technology. As communication technology improves, organizations can operate over wider distances and can even assemble operational components on an ad-hoc basis to meet requirements of a specific objective. Future air traffic communication studies are already discussing whether to operate IP networks that are combining voice and data transport. The problem is that although voice and data are using a common infrastructure, they remain separate at the application level. Probably, some service providers have already enjoyed reduced network infrastructure and operational costs by merging voice and data transport, but the majority may have failed to realize the significant cost, productivity, and service differentiation capabilities that converged, collaborative applications could bring. This elaborates mechanisms needed for a robust and globally interconnected network environment (including infrastructure, systems, processes, and people) in which data is shared timely and seamlessly among users, applications, and platforms. Such an environment enables substantially improved situational awareness and shortened decision-making cycles. Stepping ahead, our contribution discusses standards making application or service convergence a reality.     

嵌入式实时操作系统中的安全性考虑

在综合化航空电子系统中,嵌入式实时操作系统已被广泛采用,而操作系统保证应用软件的安全性,则是目前要解决的首要问题。对照国内外在高安全性、强实时系统上的先进技术和先进经验,本文着重讨论了嵌入式实时操作系统中解决数据安全性的几点考虑,主要集中介绍了软件的分层防御体系、分区管理和信息安全管理技术、分区间通讯的“虚通道”技术等,以确保综合化航电系统的信息及数据安全的机密性和完整性,达到主动防御的能力。