舰载无人直升机飞行控制与管理系统试飞验证标准研究

针对舰载无人直升机飞行控制与管理系统试飞验证的标准研究,梳理了国内外现有的与舰载无人直升机飞行控制与管理系统试飞验证相关的标准,对其中的科目进行了适用性分析,提出了我国舰载无人直升机飞行控制与管理系统试飞验证的完整框架,为促进我国无人机系统标准体系的建立和完善提供一定借鉴意义。     

基于Giotto的控制系统设计及控制方法研究

<正>无人直升机研究的关键问题是飞行控制问题,在无人直升机飞行控制系统中,发动机自动控制是实现无人直升机自主飞行的前提和关键。良好的发动机控制系统能最大限度发挥发动机的功能,提高无人直升机的安全飞行性能。发动机具有非线性特性,作为无人直升机动力驱动源,它的动态响应特性会随无人直升机飞行状况改变而变化。     

无人直升机飞行控制技术发展综述

针对无人直升机飞行控制技术发展进行了简要综述。首先，介绍了无人直升机的典型特征、飞行控制系统的设计过程和设计中面临的挑战。然后，系统梳理了适用于中大型和微小型无人直升机的飞行动力学建模技术发展现状，总结了无人直升机的飞行控制算法，对比了各算法的优缺点，阐述了飞行品质发展现状。最后，给出了这一领域未来发展的建议。研究结果表明，无人直升机系统高度复杂，不同建模技术和控制策略各有利弊；在飞行控制系统设计时需综合考虑相关因素，权衡相关指标矛盾；在无人直升机飞行品质评估标准建立时，要充分考虑无人的特点，对有人直升机的飞行品质进行裁剪和优化。     

基于μC/OS-Ⅱ的无人直升机飞行控制软件设计

飞行控制软件是无人直升机飞行控制的核心,随着对先进无人直升机的性能要求越来越高,无人直升机的控制系统功能越来越复杂,飞行控制软件的设计也越来越重要。本文基于μC/OS-II实时内核详细介绍无人直升机飞控软件模块化的设计方案,提出基于μC/OS-II的飞行控制软件的任务划分和任务通信等技术。该方案能很好得满足系统对实时性的要求,同时能大大降低了开发难度,提高了可读性和可维护性。并且该方案已经在某小型无人直升机飞行控制系统中得到了很好的验证。     

四旋翼无人直升机飞行控制技术综述

四旋翼无人直升机因具有良好的性能而成为近十几年来的研究热点,针对四旋翼直升机的飞行控制技术进行了简要综述。首先,通过分析四旋翼无人直升机的飞行控制特性,指出了飞行控制系统设计的要求和难点;然后,总结了四旋翼直升机飞行控制的研究现状,对几种常用控制算法的特点进行了分析;最后,在分析四旋翼无人直升机关键技术的基础上,讨论了四旋翼飞行控制的发展趋势。     

某型无人直升机飞控系统仿真研究

介绍了某型无人直升机飞行控制系统半实物仿真系统的组成、原理和实现方法。在仿真系统中，采用Windows平台实现了无人直升机飞行动力学模型的实时解算，解决了在多任务平台上进行实时仿真的关键问题。通过对某型无人直升机飞行控制系统半实物仿真结果的分析和研究，确定了无人直升机飞行控制规律，并整定了控制参数。     

无人直升机自动航线飞行控制律设计与仿真

无人直升机具有悬停、小速度全向机动、大速度前飞等飞行能力,其飞行包线范围大,对飞行控制律设计的要求很高。无人直升机在进行自动航线飞行时,不仅涉及的飞行模态多,而且需要满足复杂的飞行航线需求。根据无人直升机复杂的航线飞行特点,对其航线飞行过程进行区域划分,针对不同划分区域,采用工程上常用的PID控制方法和衰减软化技术,设计了高度控制器、纵向位置控制器、横向位置控制器、协调转弯控制器和控制器问的切换算法,并进行典型航线飞行的数字仿真。仿真结果显示,无人直升机飞行航迹与设定航线的重合性较好,模态切换稳定平滑,从而验证了无人直升机自动航线飞行控制律设计的正确性,为后续工程应用奠定基础。     

农用植保无人直升机高精度高度控制技术研究

随着农用植保无人直升机这一新型农用机械的推广,对其飞行控制系统的稳定性、可靠性和安全性有了更高的要求.针对农用植保无人直升机基本作业于0.5～2 m的近地空中,考虑到高度对飞行安全和喷洒效果的影响,因此要求更高的控制精度和抗干扰能力.从反馈信号和控制方案两个角度展开对农用植保无人直升机高精度高度控制技术的研究,并通过仿真验证高度精确控制技术的可行性.     

无人驾驶直升机发动机模糊自适应PID控制

针对某型无人驾驶直升机发动机控制的特点,提出恒量供油、恒速控制和总距前馈补偿控制的复合控制策略,在飞行控制计算机内建立发动机模糊自适应PID控制器,利用模糊规则和推理来在线调整PID参数,使发动机安全平滑启动,并在各种功率状态下保持输出轴转速恒定。经含实物仿真试验、地面试车、系留试验以及无人机整机试飞测试,所设计的发动机控制方案动态响应速度快,对总距变化等干扰的抑制作用强,能保证主旋翼在各种飞行状态下获得最佳的气动效率,改进无人直升机的飞行性能。      

新构型倾转旋翼无人机飞行力学建模

倾转旋翼无人机飞行力学模型是设计飞行控制律和分析飞行特性的基础。从一款在研的新构型倾转旋翼无人机工程实际出发,建立该无人机非线性飞行力学模型;分析新构型倾转旋翼机相比常规倾转旋翼机的特点和优势,建立直升机模式、倾转过渡模式和固定翼模式下各部件飞行力学模型;并针对直升机模式,对不同飞行速度进行配平及稳定性分析。结果表明:该构型倾转旋翼无人机直升机模式横航向模态具有很好的稳定性,直升机模式悬停状态横纵向模态基本没有耦合。     

Near-Field Analysis of Helicopter Rotating Blades Modulation Interference

A near-field analysis is carried out to obtain the level of modulation interference due to rotating blades in a helicopter-borne pulse Doppler radar system. The interference power spectra are calculated for different values of antenna depression angle and helicopter (radar) speed at a constant helicopter altitude of 300 m. Numerical results for the case of 1 kW radiated power show that blade interference level is about 5 to 8 dBW/Hz less than that of the direct ground clutter in the clutter region. It extends, however, into the clutter-free region which may cause false alarms and degradation of the radar performance.     

Electrical power on a 30 kW space-based radar satellite

An electrical power system for a space-based radar satellite is described. When the radar is on, its transmitter needs an average DC power of 30 kW. The problem of distributing the power efficiently in pulses to many transmit/receive modules is addressed. System requirements include a high-voltage battery and transmission line, load-sharing between the solar array, and the battery during sunlit periods, and a 25-kW solar array. A scaled-down version of the power system for a proof-of-concept demonstration is described     

直升机翼面类部件雷达目标特性分析及评估

基于准静态原理,采用电磁高频法开展直升机翼面类部件的雷达目标特性分析及评估.首先,为获得翼面类部件对直升机散射特性的影响规律,并考虑旋翼高速旋转的动态效应,着重分析了装配不同翼面类部件后机身雷达散射截面（RCS）的变化趋势、强散射分布和回波信号的时频域谱特征,揭示了翼面类部件雷达散射影响机理;然后,在评估直升机强散射源分布特征和多元响应特性的基础上,比较装配不同翼面类部件后机身的雷达探测距离,提出并建立了方位、俯仰与滚转姿态下直升机的雷达4级预警机制和角域范围,并针对性的给出对抗雷达探测的方案.研究发现:装配平尾、短翼及平尾和短翼组合的直升机相比孤立机身的雷达暴露距离分别增加11.54%,14.88%和18.06%,综合隐身能力下降.      

Radio Interference in Helicopter-Borne Pulse Doppler Radars

Radio interference generated in a helicopter-borne pulse Doppler radar system due to rotating blades is analyzed for the case that blades are located in the far field region of the radar antenna. A first-order estimate of the blade interference power spectrum is obtained as a function of antenna depression angle and radar (helicopter) altitude and speed. Numerical calculations show that blade interference is very weak compared with the direct ground clutter. It extends, however, into the clutter-free region which causes false alarms and degrades the radar performance.     

航母编队防空作战预警纵深对警戒直升机前出距离的约束分析

航母编队在防空时,通常利用舰载警戒直升机机载警戒雷达探测距离远的优势实施对空预警,以提高编队防空作战能力。通过分析航母编队在舰载战斗机甲板待战情况下的防空作战过程,建立了警戒直升机前出距离的数学模型,仿真分析了模型中有关参数对警戒直升机前出距离的影响,为确定警戒直升机在航母编队防空作战中的前出距离提供了参考依据。     

Contemporary approach to the design-systematic and experimental provision of autorotation landing safety for a helicopter with skid type landing gear

A new approach to the design-systematic provision of autorotation landing safety for a helicopter with skid type landing gear is proposed. We analyzed the existing simulation techniques and experimental studies regarding this problem. The main existing problems both in design simulation and the system of systematic requirements to the conditions of rating the loads on the skid landing gear are identified. Also proposed are the most optimal solutions to overcome the existing systematic contradictions and increase safety of helicopter piloting at autorotation landing.     

一种基于电力线载波通信远程数据采集系统的设计

电力线网络覆盖范围广,用来传输数据可以节省投资。电力线上的噪声干扰和电力负载的动态变化影响了信号的可靠传输。KQ-100E采用数字信号处理技术,可以降低噪声干扰和信号衰减带来的不利影响。介绍了一种利用KQ-100E实现电力线载波通信的应用实例。实验证明,该模块在低压电力线上的通信是可靠的。     

雷达电源系统安全运行健康状态评估研究

雷达电源系统的运行状态直接影响整个雷达设备的安全性与性能指标的实现,如何实现雷达电源的 健康状态评估是亟待解决的问题。首先采用雷达电源正常状态下的健康特征数据训练自组织神经网络;然后 计算监测数据与训练后的自组织神经网络中权重向量的距离,将距离值归一化表示为健康度;最后利用试验数 据计算健康度,并实现健康分级。结果表明:该模型计算的健康度随电源老化时间变化整体呈现下降的特点, 该模型可以实现雷达电源健康状态评估。     

WARLOC: A High-Power Coherent 94 GHz Radar

This paper describes the development of a high-power, coherent radar system at W-band and discusses potential applications of radars with this new capability. Previous radars in this frequency band were limited by available power-amplifier technology to about 500 W of average power; WARLOC radar represents an increase in power, by 20 times, over previous coherent radars at 94 GHz. This performance improvement is possible due to the development of a gyroklystron amplifier specifically for this and future radars in this frequency band. The gyroklystron amplifier tubes deliver 100 kW peak power and 10 kW of average power at a center frequency of approximately 94 GHz. Other novel features of this radar include the use of highly overmoded waveguides and rotary joints for the transmission of power from the final power amplifier (FPA) to the antenna, and a high-power quasi-optical duplexer. The system uses a relatively large 1.8 m diameter (580-wavelength) Cassegrain antenna, which required the development of an antenna with an rms surface accuracy of 0.0025 in, to obtain long-range detection and identification of small objects. Test data show an antenna gain of 62.5 dB, confirming that the needed surface accuracy was achieved. Two mobile shelters house the radar system, permitting relocation to various test sites. WARLOC is presently operational at the Naval Research Laboratory's Chesapeake Bay Detachment facility, Maryland. It is being employed in radar imaging of airborne and surface objects, and in the scientific study of propagation effects and atmospheric physics phenomena.     

Some features of a system for warning the helicopter critical flight regimes

In this paper, a problem of ensuring the helicopter flight safety in off-optimum situations is considered. We describe the most typical critical regimes and flight limitations imposed on the helicopter motion parameters. Also presented are some dependences that determine the operating regime limits with respect to the basic flight parameters of the critical flight regimes warning system.