不同温度下IC10合金的本构关系

 利用材料试验机（MTS809）测得IC10合金在很宽的温度范围（25~800 ℃）和不同应变率（10^-5~10^-2s^-1）内的应力 应变曲线。试验结果表明：室温下IC10合金的流变行为对应变率不太敏感;相同应变率（10^-4s^-1）下,流变行为对温度较敏感;在不同应变率、25~800 ℃温度范围内,IC10合金的屈服应力变化很小。基于试验数据,修正并拟合了Johnson-Cook方程,并利用该方程对不同温度和不同应变率下IC10合金的流变应力进行预测。与试验数据对比表明,修正后的Johnson-Cook方程能较好地描述IC10合金在不同的温度和应变率条件下的流变行为。     

GH4169高温合金高应变率本构关系试验研究

 基于高应变率下GH4169高温合金的本构关系是采用有限元法对GH4169高温合金进行切削加工数值分析研究的基础。本文针对GH4169高温合金,通过试验对其在温度为室温至1 000 ℃、应变率为2 000～10 000 s^-1的范围内的本构关系进行了研究。研究发现高应变率下GH4169高温合金的流动应力与塑性应变关系接近线性关系,同时温度影响着高应变率下应变率对本构关系的影响程度及方式。根据GH4169合金流动应力曲线的特点,对Johnson-Cook本构模型进行修正。基于试验结果,通过数据拟合确定了对应高应变率GH4169高温合金的材料常数,建立了描述GH4169高温合金高应变率下的本构模型,为切削加工有限元数值分析提供了理论基础,并为相关类似研究提供了思路。     

几种典型BCC金属的塑性流动特征及本构模型综述

为了理解BCC金属的塑性流动特征并研究其本构关系,本文对多晶Ta、V、Nb及高强度低合金钢HSLA-65和DH-36在温度从77K到1000K,应变率从0.001/s到8000/s,真实塑性应变超过35%的塑性流动行为进行了系统研究。结合试验结果,对塑性流动本构模型进行了推导。得出:(1)合金钢HSLA-65和DH-36与多晶金属Ta、V、Nb具有类似的塑性变形特征;(2)BCC金属的塑性流动应力对应变率和温度非常敏感,但加载历史对流动应力影响较小,即演化后的微观结构组织其流动应力并不变化;(3)在低应变率下出现的动态应变时效现象随应变率的增加,时效温度区将移至更高区域;(4)基于位错运动学和动力学,结合系统试验结果,所推导的基于物理概念本构模型通式,在很宽温度很宽应变率范围内能较好的预测BCC金属的塑性流动应力。     

高温高应变率耦合对DD407镍基单晶合金的性能影响

为了理解一种新型DD407镍基单晶高温合金在高温高应变率下的力学行为,利用CSS4410型电子万能材料试验机和具有高温高应变率耦合试验功能的Hopkinson压杆系统测试该合金在温度293~1 273K,应变率分别为0.001、1 000及4 000/s条件下的塑性流动特性,并对变形前后的试样进行金相和SEM微观分析。结果表明:DD407合金在高应变率下的使用温度不能超过1 073K;其在压缩情况下的破坏均为剪切破坏;在温度接近或超过某一临界值,该材料的屈服强度和塑性流动应力对温度和应变率才会有很强的敏感性,与常规金属不同,该材料应变时效现象不明显。     

纯铁材料动态力学性能测试及本构模型

研究纯铁材料的动态力学性能并建立其本构模型是开展纯铁材料工程应用和数值模拟研究的基础,利用Instron材料试验机和分离式Hopkinson压杆试验装置,对纯铁材料进行了常温下不同应变率（10^-3~5×10⁴s^-1）和应变率为10⁴s^-1时不同温度下（200~800℃）的动态力学性能测试,获得了各种载荷下的应力-应变曲线。试验结果表明,纯铁材料的塑性流动应力对应变率和温度非常敏感,具有明显的应变强化效应、应变率强化和增塑效应以及热软化效应。基于Power-Law本构方程,通过试验数据拟合得到了纯铁材料的动态本构模型参数,拟合曲线与试验数据吻合较好,表明该模型能较好描述纯铁材料在动态载荷下的力学行为。     

航空常用铝合金动态拉伸力学性能探究

利用分离式Hopkinson拉杆设备对五种航空常用铝合金2A12-CZ,2A12-M,2024-T351,7050-T74,7050-T7451进行了室温动态拉伸力学性能探究,并利用电子万能试验机对这五种材料进行了准静态拉伸力学性能测试,得到了五种铝合金在不同应变率下的拉伸真实应力应变曲线。试验结果显示:7050系列铝合金有较高的屈服强度,2A12M抗拉强度则最低。五种航空铝合金都表现出不同程度的正的应变率敏感效应,其中2A12-CZ敏感性最强,7050T7451敏感性最弱。五种铝合金动态拉伸失效应变明显大于准静态拉伸失效应变。2A12M与2024T351有较高的动态拉伸失效应变。在试验结果的基础上,选择Johnson-Cook本构模型,Cowper-Symonds本构模型来拟合这五种材料的动态本构,模型预测与试验结果吻合较好。     

钛合金TC4高温动态压缩力学行为研究

利用分离式Hopkinson压杆和微型Hopkinson压杆测试钛合金TC4材料,在温度为20～800℃之间,应变率103/s和104/s下的压缩力学行为,定量研究温度和应变率对材料流动应力的影响规律。结果表明:随着温度升高,材料应变率呈现增大趋势,而随着应变率变化,材料温度敏感性变化不大。     

4种铝合金的应变疲劳力学特性的研究

 分析了 4种铝合金在循环应变作用下的力学行为及材料在纵、横或高向的应变疲劳力学性能的差异。实验结果表明,不同的取样方向对铝合金的应变疲劳寿命的影响主要取决于材料的塑性。4种铝合金在纵、横或高向的循环应力-应变行为均表现为循环硬化。7475 T735 1合金较之其他 3种材料具有较好的应变疲劳特性     

切削加工中7B04铝合金本构模型

为建立切削加工中7B04铝合金Johnson-Cook本构模型,进行了准静态压缩试验和直角自由切削试验,根据大变形、高应变率和高温度下的材料应力-应变关系对本构模型的参数进行识别,提出了应变软化修正项和应变率硬化系数的形式,最后进行了试验验证,结果表明该模型能够准确模拟出7B04铝合金在切削过程中的应力。     

一种修正的应变范围区分法

针对高强度、低延性材料非弹性应变范围小、难以区分的特点,提出一种修正的应变范围区分方法。该方法不区分非弹性应变中的塑性和蠕变,定义了3种基本类型的非弹性应变范围,即拉伸塑性-压缩塑性非弹性应变范围、拉伸塑性和蠕变-压缩塑性非弹性应变范围和拉伸塑性-压缩塑性和蠕变非弹性应变范围。对同时包含拉/压蠕变的循环,采用线性累积损伤法则预测其寿命。用Rene’95材料650℃下控制应变的循环松弛试验数据对修正方法进行了验证,结果表明:对Rene’95材料的蠕变疲劳寿命,修正方法的预测能力好于应变范围区分法(SRP),对基本试验的寿命预测精度基本上在2倍范围之内。      

原位合成TiB_2/6351复合材料热压缩变形特性

采用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机对原位合成TiB2(质量分数,8%)/6351复合材料在不同变形温度和不同应变速率条件下的热变形特性进行了研究,利用透射电镜(TEM)和光学显微镜分析了压缩后试样的微观组织.结果表明, 材料的流变应力随变形温度的升高而降低,随应变速率的提高而增大;材料的流变行为主要表现为加工硬化、动态回复和动态再结晶;相应的显微组织特征为:位错网络、混乱的位错团和胞状结构,亚晶及等轴晶.在应变速率和变形温度均较低时,增强体颗粒周围的基体中形成高密度位错区,但随变形温度的升高而减少;在应变速率较高时,增强体颗粒和基体的界面处开裂甚至增强体颗粒本身发生破碎.     

置氢处理对TC4钛合金流变行为的影响

应用材料试验机及霍普金森压杆装置(SHPB)对切削用置氢TC4钛合金进行了静态和动态压缩实验,获得了不同温度和应变率下的应力-应变曲线。实验中应变率范围为0.001～15000s-1,温度范围为293～973K。分析比较了合金流变应力对温度及应变率的敏感性。结果表明,置氢TC4钛合金具有较强的热软化效应,而应变率强化效应则相对较弱。随氢含量的增加,流变应力呈现先减小后增大的规律,氢含量0.3%时,最大降幅达25%。根据流变应力的变化规律及相关切削理论,对实验中切削力及切削温度的变化情况进行了分析。最后基于Johnson-Cook本构模型,拟合了模型中的参数,其预测值与实验结果吻合较好。     

喷射成形7055铝合金热变形行为模拟

为研究喷射成形7055铝合金的热变形行为,在应变速率为0．001～5 s －1、变形温度为300～450℃、工程应变量为50％条件下,在 Gleeble-3500热-力模拟试验机上进行热压缩实验。结果表明：喷射成形7055铝合金的流变应力随应变速率的增大而增大,随变形温度升高而减小。在应变速率为5s －1时由变形热引起的温升达25℃,经修正流变应力比实测值增高20 MPa。采用包含 Z 参数的 Arrhenius 双曲线正弦本构方程可准确描述喷射成形7055铝合金的热变形流变应力行为,变形激活能为146．91 kJ·mol －1。所建本构方程的平均相对误差（Er ）为2．89％,说明可准确预测喷射成形7055铝合金的热变形流变应力。     

Numerical approach for assessment of dynamic strength for riveted joints

Numerous rivets have to be modelled for aeronautical framework crashes. A numerical procedure based on FE modelling and characterisation of material failure constitutive models is proposed in order to limit the experimental procedure. Quasi-static and dynamic experiments are carried out on elementary tension (punched) and shear (riveted) specimens. No strain rate sensitivity has been measured on the riveted joint assemblies failure. The experiments are used to identify, by an inverse method, the Gurson damage parameters of each material (2024-T351 and 7050 aluminium alloys for the sheet metal plate and the rivet). The characterisation gives rise to a satisfactory correlation between FE models and experiments. Optimised parameters are validated for each material by means of a uniaxial tension test for the sheet metal plate and an ARCAN type specimen in pure tension for the rivet. Results can then be used to identify macroscopic failure criterion to model the rivet behaviour in aeronautical framework crashes. FE tools can also resolve problems linked to limit-design or the design of new riveted joint assemblies more rapidly and cost effectively than experiments.     

Through-thickness heterogeneity in creep properties of friction stir welding 7B50-T7451 aluminum alloy thick plate joint: Experiments and modeling

Through-thickness heterogeneity in creep properties of 7B50-T7451 aluminum alloy Friction Stir Welding(FSW) joints was investigated. Creep tests for three slices of the FSW joint were conducted at the temperature of 150–200 °C and applied stress of 60–225 MPa. The theta projection method was used to predict creep curves and minimum creep rate. The results show that the minimum creep rate increases and creep rupture life decreases with the increase of creep temperature and applied stress. Creep p...     

固溶处理GH4169合金的高温变形行韦

 对GH4169合金进行了固溶温度为1 233,1 253,1 273,1 293 K,保温时间为30~60 min的固溶处理试验,得到了GH4169合金中δ相形貌由针状向短棒状和颗粒状转变,数量逐渐减少直至消失的演变规律。将固溶处理后的GH4169合金通过热模拟压缩实验,研究变形工艺参数和固溶处理对GH4169合金高温变形行为的影响。热模拟压缩实验时选取的变形温度为1 123~1 288 K,应变速率为0.1~10.0 s^-1,变形程度为60%。结果表明：流动应力随变形温度的降低和应变速率的提高而迅速增大,δ相不仅使流动应力降低,而且对动态再结晶过程产生强烈的促进作用;利用多元回归分析方法建立的流动应力模型的计算值与实验值的误差小于10%,较好地描述了固溶处理GH4169合金在高温变形过程中的塑性流动行为。     

Constitutive behavior and microstructural evolution in hot deformed 2297 Al-Li alloy

The microstructural evolution mechanism and constitutive behavior of 2297 Al-Li alloy were studied via thermal compression test with the constant strain rates of 0.001–1 s⁻¹ and the deformation temperatures ranging from 623 to 773 K. To verify the predictable ability of diverse constitutive models under different stress states, the hot compression experiments with stress triaxiality varying from −0.33 to 0.46 were conducted. The microstructures of the deformed specimens under diverse deformation conditions are probed to reveal the mechanism of hot deformation behavior. The experimental results indicate that the work-hardening and dynamic softening are competitive during the hot compression process, and the dynamic softening is more obvious under low deformation temperature and high strain rate. The microstructural analysis manifests that the dynamic recovery gets predominant at high deformation temperature to produce fine grains. Meanwhile, the dynamic recrystallization becomes more dominant as the strain rate decreases, which is sensitive to the stress triaxiality. In addition, both the modified Johnson-Cook model and strain-compensated Arrhenius-type function are suitable for describing the flow behavior of 2297 alloy, while the latter reveals a more accurate prediction. However, the predictability of the two kinds of models is worsened with the transformation of stress triaxiality, and the validity of the Arrhenius-type model is restricted by high stress triaxiality.     

Damage characteristics and constitutive modeling of the 2D C/Si C composite: Part I – Experiment and analysis

This paper reports an experimental investigation on the macroscopic mechanical behaviors and damage mechanisms of the plain-woven(2D) C/Si C composite under in-plane on- and offaxis loading conditions. Specimens with 15, 30, and 45 off-axis angles were prepared and tested under monotonic and incremental cyclic tension and compression loads. The obtained results were compared with those of uniaxial tension, compression, and shear specimens. The relationships between the damage modes and the stress state were analyzed based on scanning electronic microscopy(SEM) observations and acoustic emission(AE) data. The test results reveal the remarkable axial anisotropy and unilateral behavior of the material. The off-axis tension test results show that the material is fiber-dominant and the evolution rate of damage and inelastic strain is accelerated under the corresponding combined biaxial tension and shear loads. Due to the damage impediment effect of compression stress, compression specimens show higher mechanical properties and lower damage evolution rates than tension specimens with the same off-axis angle. Under cyclic tension–compression loadings, both on-axis and off-axis specimens exhibit progressive damage deactivation behaviors in the compression range, but with different deactivation rates.