TC11合金热变形特性及变形参数对组织的影响

通过热模拟压缩试验,分析了TC11合金的高温变形特性及不同变形参数下的组织演化规律,用非线性回归方法建立了TC11合金Kumar型材料的本构关系,得出了TC11合金的高温流变曲线基本呈流变软化特征的结论;最后应用MSC,Autoforge软件对TC11合金某型号涡轮盘的等温锻造工艺进行了模拟式工艺设计,验证了TC11合金材料本构关系的工程适用性.     

喷射成形7055铝合金热变形行为模拟

为研究喷射成形7055铝合金的热变形行为,在应变速率为0．001～5 s －1、变形温度为300～450℃、工程应变量为50％条件下,在 Gleeble-3500热-力模拟试验机上进行热压缩实验。结果表明：喷射成形7055铝合金的流变应力随应变速率的增大而增大,随变形温度升高而减小。在应变速率为5s －1时由变形热引起的温升达25℃,经修正流变应力比实测值增高20 MPa。采用包含 Z 参数的 Arrhenius 双曲线正弦本构方程可准确描述喷射成形7055铝合金的热变形流变应力行为,变形激活能为146．91 kJ·mol －1。所建本构方程的平均相对误差（Er ）为2．89％,说明可准确预测喷射成形7055铝合金的热变形流变应力。     

Hot deformation behavior and strain compensation constitutive model of equiaxed fine grain diffusion-welded micro-duplex TC4 titanium alloy

In this work, two-stage diffusion bonding of micro-duplex TC4 titanium alloy was carried out to study the flow behavior and constitutive models of the bonding joint and the base metal after the same thermal cycling during the hot forming process. Microstructure and mechanical properties test were used to verify the good quality of the equiaxed fine grain diffusion-welded TC4 alloy. Quasi-static tensile experiment was carried out at temperatures ranging from 750–900 °C and strain rates of 0.0001–0.1 s⁻¹. The joint showed the weak dynamic recovery at strain rates of 0.01–0.1 s⁻¹ and temperatures of 750–850 °C. At strain rates of 0.0001–0.001 s⁻¹ and temperatures of 850–900 °C, the flow stress of joint presented steady-state characteristics. Different deformation conditions lead to the remarkable difference of dynamic softening performance between the joint and heat-treated base metal, but the flow stress in elastic and strain hardening stages exhibited similar behavior. The strain compensated Arrhenius-type constitutive models of TC4 joint and heat-treated base metal were developed respectively. The fifth-order polynomial functions between the material property correlation coefficients and strain were obtained. The models have shown good correlation, with correlation coefficient values of 0.984 and 0.99. The percentage average absolute relative error for the models were found to be 10% and 9.46%, respectively.     

Hot deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of the laser solid formed TC4 titanium alloy

Hot compressive experiments of the laser solid formed (LSFed) TC4 titanium alloy were conducted at a wide temperature range of 650–950 °C and strain rate of 0.01–10 s⁻¹. The Arrhenius-type constitutive models of the LSFed TC4 alloy were established at the temperature range of 800–950 °C and of 650–800 °C, respectively. The average relative error between the predicted stresses and experimental values in those two temperature ranges are 10.4% and 8.3%, respectively, indicating that the prediction models constructed in this paper are in a good agreement with experimental data. Processing maps were established by the principle of dynamic materials modeling on the basis of the data achieved from the hot compression experiments. The processing parameters corresponding to the stable and unstable regions of material deformation can be determined from the processing maps. The microstructure evolution of the stable and unstable regions of the samples after tests were observed. Finally, the effect of hot compressive parameters on the microstructure were investigated to research the dynamic recrystallization and the texture of the deformed LSFed TC4 alloy.     

TC4-DT钛合金高温热变形行为研究

利用Gleeble-3500型热模拟实验机,研究了TC4-DT损伤容限型钛合金在温度850℃～1000℃、应变速率0.01～10s-1、变形程度为40%～70%条件下的热变形行为,分析了该合金的流变应力行为及微观组织演变规律,并建立了本构关系模型。研究结果表明,TC4-DT合金在950℃以下的较低温度变形时应力软化现象非常明显,变形机制和热变形激活能不同于950℃以上的较高温度变形机制;在950℃以上高温度变形时,低应变速率(如ε=0.01s-1)促进了动态再结晶行为的发生,而在较高的应变速率(如ε=10s-1)时,一般只发生动态回复现象,动态再结晶行为受抑制。     

置氢Ti600合金热变形本构关系

基于热模拟压缩试验数据,通过共线性诊断、变量筛选、回归分析等过程,建立了置氢Ti600合金热变形的本构关系.结果表明:回归计算值与试验值吻合较好,所建立的本构关系能够描述置氢Ti600合金热变形过程中应变、应变速率、变形温度对流变应力的影响规律.     

非耦合韧性断裂准则及其在航空金属材料中的应用

结构轻量化是航空航天和汽车领域的重要发展趋势,对以铝合金、镁合金和钛合金为代表的轻质高强金属材料的需求与日俱增。预测材料的损伤断裂行为是高性能航空构件成形工艺设计和服役性能评估的关键,而发展先进的韧性断裂准则是其主要途径。本文首先介绍了金属材料损伤断裂的微观机制,包括剪切和压缩应力主导的剪切型断裂、拉应力主导的拉伸型断裂及复合型断裂。回顾了韧性断裂准则的研究现状,传统非耦合韧性断裂准则的发展历程、特点和适用场合,重点论述了近年来几种典型的非耦合韧性断裂准则的特点和优势。传统的非耦合韧性断裂准则通常只考虑最大主应力或平均应力对损伤断裂的影响,忽略了偏应力的作用,不适合于低应力三轴度或复杂应力状态下的断裂行为预测;而新的韧性断裂准则综合考虑应力三轴度和罗德角参数对损伤演化的共同影响,适用于复杂的应变路径和应力状态。最后,评述了非耦合韧性断裂准则在铝合金、镁合金和钛合金等航空金属材料中的发展现状和典型应用,展望了韧性断裂准则的发展趋势和研究方向。非耦合韧性断裂准则需针对先进结构金属材料的变形特点,综合考虑应力状态、应变速率、温度及各向异性等对损伤断裂的作用,使其具有更好的普适性和预测精度。     

挤压态喷射成形GH738合金热变形行为及组织研究

在温度950~1150℃、应变速率0.001~1 s–1及工程应变50%条件下,利用Gleeble-3500TM热模拟试验机对挤压态喷射成形GH738合金进行热压缩实验,研究合金的流变应力,建立合金热变形本构关系,利用EBSD分析合金组织演变。结果表明:合金流变应力随温度的升高和应变速率的减小而降低,在相同变形条件下,具有细晶组织特征的挤压态喷射成形GH738合金峰值流变应力低于粗晶组织的铸锻GH738合金;挤压态喷射成形GH738合金热变形激活能为651.08 kJ·mol–1,GH738合金的热变形激活能随着初始平均晶粒尺寸的减小而升高;形变温度的升高使挤压态喷射成形GH738合金初始被拉长的晶粒逐渐演变为等轴再结晶晶粒,在1000℃以上获得完全动态再结晶组织,再结晶组织随形变温度的进一步升高发生长大。     

B93铝合金热加工特性模拟研究

在Gleeble1500热模拟机上采用轴对称等温压缩实验,研究了B93铝合金在热加工中变形温度和应变速率对合金组织的影响,基于动态模型计算出B93铝合金加工图,分析合金热加工的流变失稳区并确定了合金热加工的最佳工艺参数。结果表明:变形速率和变形温度对B93铝合金的微观组织有影响;合金的峰值应力随变形温度的升高而降低,随变形速率的提高而增大;B93铝合金最佳的热加工制度为:变形温度420℃左右,应变速率0.001 s-1。     

SHPB实验考虑绝热变形和端面摩擦的修正方法

采用高温分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)实验技术对GH4169高温合金进行测试,获得了材料在高应变率下的温度敏感性,并拟合了Johnson-Cook本构模型的参数。结合数值计算方法对压缩实验中试件内部的应力、应变以及温度的分布建立了一个半经验的数学模型并提出了一种新的参数修正方法,将端面摩擦效应、绝热变形升温效应与SHPB实验结果进行解耦。实验结果表明:温度越高,GH4169高温合金的屈服强度以及流动应力越小。并且在SHPB实验中GH4169高温合金存在明显的绝热变形升温效应和端面摩擦效应,导致实验结果并不能真实反映材料的硬化特性。通过对原始Johnson-Cook本构方程的硬化项乘以1.2的修正系数,发现修正后的本构参数准确反映了材料在高应变率下的应力应变特性。      

Role of the inter-pass cooling rate in recrystallization behaviors of Ni-based superalloy during interrupted hot compression

The microstructural evolution of a Ni-based superalloy under interrupted hot compressive deformation with different cooling rates in the inter-pass stage is investigated. It is found that metadynamic recrystallization(MDRX) in the inter-pass stage is more sensitive to the accumulated strain than the deformation temperature which is above the recrystallization temperature. The variations of both the grain distribution and the texture intensity caused by MDRX during the interpass stage result in variations of the yield stress(YS) and the work hardening(WH) rate in each stage. Results also show that the MDRX process in the inter-pass stage has a considerable influence on the final microstructure of three-pass compression. The final grain distribution is more uniform,and the compression texture gradually transforms into recrystallization texture with an increasing degree of MDRX. In order to predict the MDRX fraction in the inter-pass cooling stage, a modified kinetic equation is established, which can reasonably predict the MDRX behavior under multi-pass compression with different conditions in the inter-pass stage. Meanwhile, the influence of the interpass cooling stage on the mechanism of dynamic recrystallization(DRX) is studied. It is universally acknowledged that the discontinuous dynamic recrystallization(DDRX) process is the major deformation mechanism for the Ni-based superalloy. However, the continuous dynamic recrystallization(CDRX) process is promoted in the compression stage with a decrease of the cooling rate in each inter-pass stage.     

基于BP人工神经网络喷射成形7055铝合金的本构模型

基于Gleeble热力模拟技术对喷射成形7055铝合金的高温流变应力特征规律进行研究,并构建耦合应变量的唯象型Arrhenius本构方程用以预测合金的流变应力,同时基于BP人工神经网络构建该材料的神经网络型本构方程对比预测流变行为。结果表明:喷射成形7055铝合金的流变应力状况受变形参数的影响较为显著,与变形温度呈负相关,并与应变速率呈正相关。利用两类本构模型预测该合金的流变应力,其中唯象型Arrhenius本构方程的平均相对误差δ值大于2%,该模型的预测误差随变形温度升高呈上升趋势,且在热加工温度区间下(450℃左右),平均绝对误差及平均相对误差达到峰值,较难精准预测该变形区间内合金的流变应力特征。而BP人工神经网络模型的预测准确度更高,平均相对误差δ值仅为0.813%,且具有较高的温度稳定性。     

基于Deform软件二次开发和BP神经网络的TA15多向锻造微观组织预报

通过热压缩实验构建了TA15合金的热变形真应力-应变曲线,以此为基础分别建立了合金双相区及单相区温度区间的热变形本构方程;基于热压缩试样动态再结晶的统计数据建立了TA15合金的动态再结晶模型。借助Deform提供的二次开发功能实现相关数学模型的程序化,制定正交实验方案,实现了TA15合金多向锻造变形的微观组织仿真。通过正交实验分析得出各项因子的影响对象及强弱差异,提出了双相区及单相区温度区间内的多向锻造最佳因子组合。建立了TA15合金多向锻造变形微观组织的BP （Back Propagation）神经网络预测模型,将预测结果与有限元仿真结果进行比较,结果表明两种方法的预测结果基本一致,但神经网络具备有限元仿真难以实现的良好细节预测能力,能更为细致地实现对微观组织分布状态的划分。     

Ti-6Al-2Zr-1M0-1V合金的热变形行为

在Gleeble-1500热模拟机上对Ti-6A1-2Zr-1Mo-1V钛合金铸态材料进行了恒温和恒应变速率下的热压缩变形实验，温度范围是700～1000℃，应变速率范围是5×10     

温度对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu高强铝合金静态回复力学行为的影响

采用双道次热压缩实验,研究了新型Al-Zn-Mg-Cu高强铝合金铸态试样在温度300~400℃,应变速率0.01~0.1 s~(-1),变形程度33%+20%,保温0~900 s静态回复过程中的流变应力行为。结果表明:温度对该合金静态回复力学行为影响显著;(1)300℃和330℃温度较低时,变形过程中回复较慢,存储的变形能较高,保温期间的回复和再结晶使第二道次流变应力降低,表现为流变应力软化现象,且随着道次间保温时间的延长应力的软化程度增大;保温过程中析出相的出现减缓了应力软化速率;(2)温度升高到360℃和400℃时,变形过程中回复充分,存储的变形能低;变形保温后基体的固溶度高,第二道次流变应力升高,表现为流变应力硬化现象;360℃变形保温期间的回复/再结晶使得随着道次间保温时间的延长应力又逐渐降低软化,析出相减缓了应力的软化速率;而400℃变形保温期间没有回复/再结晶和析出相,所以硬化后的应力并不随着道次间保温时间的延长而发生变化。     

High Temperature Flow Stress Prediction of Nano-Al_2O_3/Cu Composite Using an Artificial Neural Network

Alumina dispersion strengthened copper composite (nano-Al2O3/Cu composite) was recently emerged as a kind of potentially vi-able and attractive engineering material for applications requiring high strength, high thermal and electrical conductivities and resistance to softening at elevated temperatures. The nano-Al2O3/Cu composite was produced by internal oxidation. The microstructures of the composite were analyzed by the TEM and its hot deformation behavior was investigated by means of continuous compression tests per-formed on a Gleeble 1500 thermo-simulator. Making use of the modified algorithm–Levenberg-Marquardt (L-M) algorithm BP neural network, a model for predicting the flow stresses during hot deformation was set up on the base of the experimental data. Results show that the microstructures of the composite are characterized by uniform distribution of nano-Al2O3 particles in Cu-matrix. The sliding of dislocations is the main deformation mechanism. The dynamic recovery is the main softening mode with the flow stress decreasing gen-tly from 500 ℃ to 850 ℃. The recrystallization of Cu-matrix can be retarded late into as high as 850 ℃, when it happens only partially. The well-trained BP neural network model can accurately describe the influence of the temperature, strain rate, and true strain on the flow stresses, therefore, it can precisely predict the flow stresses of the composite under given deforming conditions and provide a new way to optimize hot deforming process parameters.     

Application of dynamic recrystallization model in AZ12 magnesium alloy rolling process

To deeply understand the dynamic recrystallization behavior of as-cast AZ12 magnesium alloy in deformation process, the uniaxial hot compression experiments were implemented through systematic isothermal compression experiments. The true strain of thermal compression experiments was set to 50% with temperatures of 200, 250, 300, 350, 400 °C and the strain rates of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 s^?1. The Dynamic Recrystallization (DRX) kinetic model of AZ12 magnesium alloy was established and the accuracy of this model was verified. The model is used to predict the volume fraction of the sheet obtained by rolling through different rolling passes under the condition of consistent total reduction (50%). And the predicted results are in good agreement with the experimental results.     

细晶AZ31镁合金高温压缩变形行为研究

通过Gleeble-1500试验机对坯料预先经过晶粒细化处理的AZ31镁合金圆柱体试样进行单向热压缩试验,压缩温度为300～450℃,应变速率.ε为0.01s-1,0.1s-1,1.0s-1,根据试样结果分析计算了本构方程中的各参数,获得了完整的镁合金高温本构方程,进一步分析了压缩试样的显微组织。结果表明:在本试验条件下,AZ31镁合金的热变形应力指数n为6.24,热变形激活能为177.2kJ/mol。压缩试样心部组织变形程度明显高于边缘;随着温度的升高,心部压缩组织发生明显的再结晶,新晶粒在晶界处形核并长大。     

纯铁材料动态力学性能测试及本构模型

研究纯铁材料的动态力学性能并建立其本构模型是开展纯铁材料工程应用和数值模拟研究的基础,利用Instron材料试验机和分离式Hopkinson压杆试验装置,对纯铁材料进行了常温下不同应变率（10^-3~5×10⁴s^-1）和应变率为10⁴s^-1时不同温度下（200~800℃）的动态力学性能测试,获得了各种载荷下的应力-应变曲线。试验结果表明,纯铁材料的塑性流动应力对应变率和温度非常敏感,具有明显的应变强化效应、应变率强化和增塑效应以及热软化效应。基于Power-Law本构方程,通过试验数据拟合得到了纯铁材料的动态本构模型参数,拟合曲线与试验数据吻合较好,表明该模型能较好描述纯铁材料在动态载荷下的力学行为。     

一种高硅镍铜合金高温热压缩变形的研究

利用Gleeble-1500热模拟材料实验机,对高硅镍铜合金铸态试样分别在温度为T1,T2,T3,T4,应变速率为S1,S2,S3,S4,S5时进行压缩变形.对该合金的高温塑性变形行为和热压缩后的组织演变规律进行了研究.分析了流变应力与应变速率和温度的关系,计算出了应力指数和变形激活能.结果表明,流变应力随应变速率的增加而增加,随温度的升高而减小,并且该合金在高温变形条件下发生动态再结晶.