开绕组电机驱动用双逆变器死区效应补偿方法

与传统两电平逆变器的死区效应不同,开绕组电机驱动系统中双逆变器的开关死区将导致零序电压和零序电流,使绕组电流出现低频次谐波,影响系统的性能。提出了一种双逆变器开关死区导致的零序电压的补偿方案,通过扩展占空比最大的一路开关信号的导通时间,来插入一个补偿电压矢量,利用补偿电压矢量产生的零序电压抵消开关死区导致的零序电压,从而抑制系统的零序电压和零序电流。通过在开绕组感应电机驱动系统中的仿真和试验,验证了死区补偿方法的有效性。     

混合型逆变器的空间矢量调制策略优化

高速永磁同步电机驱动系统具有电磁时间常数小、高速区载波比低的特征,加剧了电流纹波,影响系统效率、振动噪声和电磁干扰。为降低高速永磁同步电机的电流纹波,基于SiC-MOSFET/Si-IGBT混合型逆变器设计了一种改进型低损耗空间矢量调制算法。首先,通过调整零电压矢量的生成方式和各功率器件的开关动作时序,将大部分开关动作转移至低损耗的SiC-MOSFET中,并为高损耗的Si-IGBT提供零电压开关条件,降低了逆变器损耗,提高了驱动系统的效率和可用开关频率,逆变器开关频率的提高有效降低了电机电流纹波。其次,对该算法作用时的电流纹波特性进行深入分析,在此基础上提出一种变开关频率模式的最优交轴电流纹波峰值调制算法以优化交轴电流纹波性能。然后,根据预测的交轴电流纹波峰值实时调整载波频率,通过削峰填谷的方式对交轴电流纹波进行平均,在不增加开关损耗的条件下,分散开关能量、降低转矩脉动、改善振动噪声和电磁兼容性能。所提方案的优势在于：较于传统型逆变器,逆变器开关损耗降低、效率提高,可进一步提升开关频率以改善电流纹波;较于传统空间矢量调制算法,改进了电压矢量的生成方式,并利用载波频率这一新增自由度分散能量,降低了交轴电流纹波。最后,通过仿真与实验对所提出算法的有效性进行了验证。     

基于自适应陷波器的永磁牵引电机死区补偿方法研究

在列车牵引逆变器中,为了防止上、下开关管同时导通,通常会在导通时间中加入死区时间。这会使牵引电机产生5、7次电流谐波。显然,研究如何抑制该谐波是非常有必要的。首先分析了死区时间引起的5、7次电流谐波；然后采用自适应陷波器提取电流中的谐波分量,来补偿死区时间并进行稳定性分析；最后在MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台上研究所提方法的有效性。     

永磁同步电机永磁体分块对涡流损耗的影响分析

逆变器供电的永磁同步电机(PMSM)中电子器件的高频开关会产生高频的电流时间谐波,进而引起永磁体涡流损耗的显著增加。给出了一种考虑电流时间谐波的永磁体涡流损耗计算的解析式,详细分析了永磁体尺寸和透入深度与涡流损耗之间的关系,并通过一个理想的3D模型进行验证。以1台逆变器供电的48槽8极PMSM为例进行涡流损耗仿真计算,结果表明:永磁体合理的分块数可以有效减少涡流损耗。     

计及开关频率优化的永磁同步电机模型预测转矩控制

为减小逆变器开关频率对永磁同步电机(PMSM)性能的影响,提出了一种计及开关频率优化的PMSM模型预测转矩控制(MPTC)方法。建立了电磁转矩及定子磁链数学模型,并在此基础上设计了MPTC全速域价值函数。在全速域价值函数中加入了逆变器开关频率的限制条件,以实现恒转矩区内最大转矩电流比、恒功率区内弱磁调速并计及开关频率最优化的控制效果。仿真结果证明了所提方案不仅具有较高的动态响应性能,而且有效降低了逆变器的开关频率。     

永磁同步电机有限集模型预测直接转矩控制

针对永磁同步电机(PMSM)模型预测直接转矩控制(DTC)转矩脉动大、功率元件开关频率不恒定等问题,将两电平逆变器的8个电压空间矢量作为有限控制集,应用到PMSM DTC中。设计考虑转矩误差、最大转矩电流比及电流约束的成本函数,利用成本函数来估算有限集合中各电压矢量的占空比,从而求得逆变器的最优电压矢量作为系统控制量。与传统模型预测控制方法相比,该方法的电流谐波和转矩脉动显著降低,且转矩动态性能也得到改善。仿真试验结果验证了所提出的控制方案有效性。     

基于输入电流连续型开关升压变换器的永磁同步电机预测电流控制方法的研究

针对传统永磁同步电机(PMSM)驱动系统存在的问题,应用一种连续型开关升压逆变器,通过应用预测控制方法提高PMSM控制性能。拓扑电路在逆变电路和输入直流电源之间加入一个开关升压电路,以达到提高系统电压增益和消除死区的目的,同时可使系统具有更高的可靠性。此外,采用预测电流控制(PCC)方法对PMSM进行控制,与传统的矢量控制技术相比,PCC具有更快的动态响应,并减少了电流脉动。最终,通过试验验证了基于开关升压变换器的PMSM PCC的可行性。     

基于闭环电流平均值法的永磁同步电机谐波抑制方法

由于逆变器的非线性及永磁同步电机(PMSM)的气隙磁场畸变,在运行过程中PMSM定子电流中含有大量的谐波分量,导致电流波形发生畸变,从而引起较大的转矩脉动。针对传统谐波抑制方法采用低通滤波器(LPF)提取5、7次谐波分量,动态响应时间长,稳态误差大的问题,提出了闭环电流平均值法提取谐波分量。仿真结果表明,闭环电流平均值法可以提高系统的快速性和稳定性。将电流平均值法应用于PMSM谐波抑制系统,仿真结果表明:基于闭环电流平均值法的谐波电压注入法可以降低电流波形的畸变率及5、7次谐波含量。     

一种新颖的在线自校正死区补偿策略

为解决正弦脉宽调制(SPWM)电压源逆变器在低频和轻载时死区效应所导致的相电压、相电流畸变和转矩脉动等问题,提出了一种新颖的在线自校正死区补偿策略。该策略考虑了死区时间、功率器件管压降、开通时间、关断时间等对逆变器输出电流的影响,而且对直流母线电压和载波频率的波动进行了自校正在线计算补偿。最后,对输出电流进行了死区补偿前和补偿后的对比试验,结果表明该方法具有较好的补偿效果。     

基于模糊自适应PI策略的并网逆变器死区补偿

IGBT死区效应的存在使三相并网逆变器输出电流不能准确跟踪参考电流,导致系统控制性能较差,而传统的死区补偿方法在相电流过零时存在电流极性判断不准确的问题。针对以上问题,提出一种基于模糊自适应PI策略的三相并网逆变器死区补偿方法。该方案将扰动观测器应用到电流双环模糊自适应PI控制系统中,将死区效应引起的电压误差视为外部扰动,经过扰动观测器估算后,反馈到输入端用以抵消死区效应的影响。模糊自适应PI电流双环控制策略可以解决实际系统响应速度慢、动态特性差的问题。通过MATLAB/Simulink仿真和试验验证了所提方案能够有效降低死区效应的影响,提高系统动态响应。     

Implementation of nondeterministic pulsewidth modulation forinverter drives

A single-phase power factor preregulator to improve the power quality in the input side of an ac/dc/ac converter and a random pulsewidth modulation (PWM) to reduce the emitted noise energy and the mechanical vibration for an induction motor drive is proposed. The hysteresis current control (HCC) technique for a voltage source switching mode rectifier (SMR) is adopted. A control scheme is presented such that the line current is driven to follow the reference current which is derived from the dc bus voltage regulator and the output power estimator. A random pulse position technique for a three-phase voltage source inverter system to reduce the noise energy and resonant vibration from ac machine drive is described. By randomly varying the instantaneous pulse position in each switching frequency, the frequency distribution of harmonics is spread in a wide frequency range which results in reduction of torque pulsations in the ac motor drive systems. To investigate the proposed control scheme, experimental tests based on a laboratory prototype were implemented to show the nearly unity power factor at the SMR and reduce the noise energy concentrated at the specific tones     

High power factor AC/DC/AC converter with random PWM

A three-phase AC/DC/AC converter is presented with a power factor preregulator to improve the power quality in the input side and a pseudorandom noise generator to reduce the emitted acoustic noise and the mechanical vibration for an induction motor drive. The space vector modulation with hysteresis current control for a voltage source rectifier is adopted to simplify the hardware circuit. A control scheme is presented to drive the supply current following the reference current. The amplitude of reference current for the pulsewidth modulation (PWM) rectifier is derived from the DC bus voltage regulator and the estimated output power. Random switching frequency technique for a three-phase PWM inverter system to reduce the annoying tonal noise and resonant vibration from an induction motor is described. By randomly varying the instantaneous PWM switching frequency from one cycle to the next, the frequency distribution of harmonics is spread in a wide frequency range. The major advantage for using such a strategy is the nonrepetitive output spectral characteristic that results in reduction of torque pulsations in motor drive systems. The nearly unity power factor at the three-phase rectifier and the absence of acoustic noise concentrated at the specific tones which is usually present with conventional sinusoidal modulation are verified by the experimental tests     

Random hysteresis PWM inverter with robust spectrum shaping

A hysteresis current-controlled pulsewidth modulation (PWM) scheme is simple and robust in switching control, but it is subject to not constant switching frequency. However, since its harmonic spectrum is not randomly distributed like those yielded by the random PWM (RPWM) scheme, the annoying harmonic effects still exist. A random switching control strategy is proposed here to let the harmonic spectrum of the hysteresis current-controlled PWM inverter be randomly distributed. First, the effect of varying band on the harmonic distribution characteristic of a hysteresis current-controlled PWM scheme is analyzed. Then a random hysteresis PWM scheme and its quantitative design procedure are proposed. Finally, a robust spectrum shaping technique is devised such that the desired harmonic distribution pattern can be achieved. In the resulting frequency spectrum, the magnitudes of lower frequency harmonics are shaped and reduced. Hence the inverter output with a better harmonic attribute is obtained. Validity of the proposed random hysteresis PWM scheme is verified by some simulated and measured results     

准Z源逆变器驱动永磁同步电机的有限集模型预测控制

针对准Z源逆变器(qZSI)驱动永磁同步电机(PMSM)系统的特点,在两相静止坐标系下,提出一种有限集模型预测控制策略。由准Z源网络电容电压闭环与PMSM电磁功率前馈生成电感电流参考值,通过预测电感电流值并引入子代价函数来确定是否选择直通(ST)状态,以实现qZSI的升压控制。在非直通(NST)状态下,分别对8种开关状态下的PMSM定子电流进行预测,并与转速闭环控制生成的参考电流进行比较,选择最优的开关状态,以实现对PMSM的控制。仿真结果表明,所提控制策略可实现对qZSI的升压及PMSM转速的控制,系统具有良好的稳态及动态性能。     

基于高功率因数控制的永磁同步电机无电解电容驱动系统控制策略

永磁同步电机无电解电容驱动系统因其成本与寿命的优势,在白色家电领域逐步得到广泛的应用。然而,由于使用小容量的薄膜电容取代大容量的电解电容,母线电压会以两倍工频波动,在母线电压处于波谷时,逆变器输出电压容易饱和,导致控制性能恶化,网侧电流畸变。因此,提出了一种基于高功率因数控制的转矩控制环和电压矢量修正策略,能够有效提升网侧功率因数,抑制网侧电流谐波并符合IEC 6100032标准。该算法的有效性通过仿真得以验证。